Music History Ch.16

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airs

Back 1

songs with a rhyming text, regular meter and phrasing, often featuring the meter and form or a dance. Less elaborate than arias. leading genre of vocal chamber music

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allemande

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(French for German) stylized, moderately fast 44 beginning on upbeat

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binary form

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two roughly equal sections, each repeated, the frist leading harmonically from the tonic to close on the dominant, the second returning to tonic

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comedies-ballets

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Lully created with Louis' support. 1670s, distinctively french, elements of ballet and opera. Moliere was the playwright--text was propaganda

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courante

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(running) upbeat but is in a moderate triple or compound meter

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court ballet

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substantial musical-dramatic work, costumes and scenery, featured members of the corut alongside progessional dancers

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divertissments

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(diversions) long interludes of dancing and choral singing

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french baroque

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shaped by dance and absolute monarchy, craved artificiality, text most important

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french church music

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borrowed sacred concerto and oratorio from Italy, but wrote in French styles.

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french organ music

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use of agrements, color, timbre.

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french overture

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2 sections, each played twice. First is homophonic/majestic/dotted rhythms. Second is faster, fugal but sometimes returns to the figuration of 1st section.

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gigue

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(jig) fast compound meter with wide melodic leaps and continuous lively triplets

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grand motet

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soloists, double chorus, orchestra. syllabic solors, homophonic and fugal choruses, operatic airs and duets and contrasts of texture/mood

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harpsichord (clavecin)

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harpsichord absorbed many characterists of lute style. clavecenists: printed collections of music (D'Anglebert, Couperin)

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Italy, France, England & Germany in 1600s

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Italy: leading musical region, virtuosic and expressive. opera/instrumental
France: king used he arts for propaganda/control: Italy's biggest competitor. Elegant and restrained. social and cultural impact (respected for language, lit)England and Germany combined both.

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Jean Baptiste Lully

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wrote for ballets, religious services, and dramatic music. Born in Italy, pioneered French overture, opera, and modern (strict bowing) orchestra. French recitative. had sole control of opera performed in France

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Music at Court in France under Louis XIV

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150-200 musicians, 3 divisions: the Music of the Royal Chapel (for religious services), Music of the Chamber (indoor entertainment) and Music of the Great Stable (military and outdoor ceremonies but sometimes joined indoors)

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Music of the Great Stable

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created modern oboe, initiated the rise to prominence of woodwind instruments in orchestras.

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notes inegales

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liltlike triplets or dotted rhythms, matter of expression and elegance left to the player's discretion

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orchestra

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ensemble whose core consists of strings with more than one player performing each part

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overdotting

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a dotted note is held longer than its notated value and following note is shortened

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overture

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(opening) marking the entry ofg the king and welcoming all to the performance

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petit motet

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sacred concerto for few voices with continuo

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recitatif measure

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deliberate motion in accompaniament

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recitatif simple

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duple and triple meter to sound natural, followed contours of french

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rondeau

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refrain alternates with contrasting periods (couplets)

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sarabande

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slow, dignified dance in triple meter with emphasis on 2nd beat

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style luthe (style brise)

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sketched in the melody bass and harmony in one register, relying on imagination to fill in. imitated by harpsichord players

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suite

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grouper series of stylized dances

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tragedie en musique/lyrique

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French form of opera by Lully with drama, music, and ballet

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unmeasured prelude

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nonmetric noation allows rhythmic freedom, as if improvising