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142 Cards in this Set
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Psychedelic Rock
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rock style that loosely attempts to replicate mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs using lyrics and bizarre sounds and effects
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Heavy Metal
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thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are generally associated with masculinity and machismo.[ Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath
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Jazz-Rock Fusions
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emerged during the late '60s as an attempt to fuse the visceral power of rock with the musical complexity and improvisational fireworks of jazz
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Prog/Art Rock
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Progressive rock bands pushed "rock's technical and compositional boundaries" by going beyond the standard rock or popular verse-chorus-based song structures. Additionally, the arrangements often incorporated elements drawn from classical, jazz, and world music. Instrumentals were common, while songs with lyrics were sometimes conceptual, abstract, or based in fantasy
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Glam Rock
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Style of early 70’s rock that image-wise was theatrical, flamboyant, futuristic, and sexually ambiguous (androgynous)
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Funk
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de-emphasizes melody and harmony and brings a strong rhythmic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground.
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Disco
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genre of dance oriented pop music characterized by its synths, lush orchestration, Latin influenced funk and insistent beat.
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Reggae
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Politicized music style associated with the rastafari movement, dealing with faith, poverty, injustice, and other broad social issues
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Punk Rock
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Rooted in garage rock and other forms of what is now known as protopunk music, punk rock bands eschewed the perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. They created fast, hard-edged music, typically with short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY (do it yourself) ethic, with many bands self-producing their recordings and distributing them through informal channels.
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Los Angeles Punk
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Second wave of punk characterized by a faster more aggressive sound with lyrical themes of the California myth gone sour
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Indie Rock
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Refers to unsigned or indie label artists—covers a wide range of artists and styles connected to the values of underground (DIY) music culture
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Hardcore Punk
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subgenre of punk rock that originated primarily in North America (though, early examples could be found throughout the world) in the late 1970s. The new sound was generally faster, thicker, and heavier than earlier punk rock. Early hardcore has a quick tempo with drums and vocals in time, whereas modern hardcore punk has drums and vocals which may not be on beat with the tempo
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Hardcore Punk
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subgenre of punk rock that originated primarily in North America (though, early examples could be found throughout the world) in the late 1970s. The new sound was generally faster, thicker, and heavier than earlier punk rock. Early hardcore has a quick tempo with drums and vocals in time, whereas modern hardcore punk has drums and vocals which may not be on beat with the tempo.
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Emo
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is a style of rock music typically characterized by melodic musicianship and expressive, often confessional lyrics
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Post Punk
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The genre retains its roots in the punk movement but is more introverted, complex and experimental.[1] Post-punk laid the groundwork for alternative rock by broadening the range of punk and underground music, incorporating elements of Krautrock (particularly the use of synthesizers and extensive repetition),
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Goth Rock
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separate movement from punk rock during the early 1980s largely due to the significant stylistic divergences of the movement; gothic rock, as opposed to punk, combines dark, often keyboard-heavy music with introspective and depressing lyrics.
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New Wave
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incorporated aspects of electronic and experimental music, mod subculture, and disco and 1960's pop music, as well as much of the original punk rock sound and ethos, such as an emphasis on short and punchy songs
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Synth Pop
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subgenre of New Wave in which the synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument. It originated during the New Wave era of the late 1970s and to mid-1980s, and it has continued to exist and develop ever since. It saw a resurge in popularity in the late 2000s and into the 2010s.
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Electronic Dance Music
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Broad set of synthesized dance music genres popularized via regional nightclub scenes.
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House
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From Chicago, combined traditional instruments, percussion, and soulful vocals with preprogrammed electronic synthesizers and drum machines
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Glam Metal
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Style of metal from los angeles combining the hard edged metal sound with big hair and 70s glam image
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Thrash Metal
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subgenre of heavy metal that is characterized by its fast tempo and aggression. Thrash metal songs typically use fast, percussive and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead work.[1] Thrash metal lyrics often deal with social issues using direct and denunciatory language, an approach which partially overlaps with the hardcore genre
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Alternative Rock
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Alternative rock consists of various subgenres that have emerged from the independent music scene since the 1980s, such as grunge, Britpop, gothic rock, and indie pop. These genres are unified by their collective debt to the style and/or ethos of punk rock, which laid the groundwork for alternative music in the 1970s
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Grunge
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is a subgenre of alternative rock that emerged during the mid-1980s in the American state of Washington, particularly in the Seattle area. Inspired by hardcore punk, heavy metal and indie rock, grunge is generally characterized by heavily distorted electric guitars, contrasting song dynamics, and apathetic or angst-filled lyrics.
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Roit Grrrl
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underground feminist punk movement that started in the early 1990s. Riot grrrl bands often address issues such as rape, domestic abuse, sexuality, and female empowerment.
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Britt Pop
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subgenre of alternative rock that originated in the United Kingdom. Britpop emerged from the British independent music scene of the early 1990s and was characterised by bands influenced by British guitar pop music of the 1960s and 1970s
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Contemporary Teen Pop
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In 1996, the girl group Spice Girls released their single "Wannabe", which made them major pop stars in the UK, as well as in the U.S. the following year. In their wake, other teen pop groups came to prominence, including Hanson, the Backstreet Boys, 'N Sync and All Saints.[1][2] In 1999, the success of teenaged pop-singers Britney Spears, Mandy Moore, Christina Aguilera and Jessica Simpson, marked the development of what Allmusic refers to as the "pop Lolita" trend, comparing them to Madonna.
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1960’s Counterculture
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A culture, especially of the young, with values in opposition to those of traditional society
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The Beats
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Loosely organized group of writers/poets who desired to challenge conventional norms and debate the “Real America”
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On the Road
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Jack Kerouac book that captured spirit of Beats; a thirst for knowledge and quest for adventure
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Beat Philosophy
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Explored Eastern religion and philosophy, Buddhism
challenged traditional American values decried the decaying society racism, conformity, death of the individual sexual/gender bias commercialization of America |
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Allen Ginsberg
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American poet and most recognized beat figure
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Acid Tests
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Aeries of psychedelic parties held by Ken Kesey in San Francisco, centered around the use, experimentation, and advocacy of LSD
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Haight-Ashbury
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Eclectic district of San Francisco famous for its role as a center of the 1960’s hippie counterculture
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Human Be in Festival
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A happening in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park and a prelude to the Summer of Love, making Haight-Ashbury the center of the counterculture
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Summer of Love
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Refers to the summer of 67, considered to be the high water mark of the hippie movement
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Grateful Dead
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S.F. band that best represents the American psychedelic sound- early jam band pioneers
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Deadheads
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Legion of devoted fans who follow the dead from show to show
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Janis Joplin
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Powerful, bluesy vocalist known for her cutting edge style and dynamic performances redefining the role of women in rock
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Sly and the Family Stone
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Funk soul rock fusion band known for their positive messages and for being the first fully integrated pop band
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Bill Graham
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Concert promoter who rose to prominence working with San Francisco groups
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Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
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Pop music’s most influential album of all time marking the beginning of the Beatles most creative period. Conceptual (psychedelic fare)
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Tommy
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Concept album and first musical work explicitly billed as a rock opera, by the Who
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The Doors
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Psychedelic band led by vocalist Jim Morrison. Highly controversial due to Morrison’s cryptic lyrics and unpredictable stage persona. Challenged indecent exposure and profanity laws.
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Monterey Pop Festival
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First ever pop music festival introducing the likes of Hendrix, Joplin, and the who
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Jimi Hendrix
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Most influential and inventive rock guitarist, helping develop the technique of guitar feedback and distortion- controlled chaos
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Hair
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The first rock musical about the hippie counterculture and sexual revolution controversial for its depiction of drug use, sexuality profanity flag desecration and nude scene
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Feel-Like-Im-Fixin-to-die rag
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Country Joe and the fish protest anthem of the anti-war movement
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Ohio
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Last major protest song written by Neil young in response to the Kent state four providing an epitaph for the movement
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Woodstock festival
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legendary 3 day rock festival that exemplified the spirit of the hippie counterculture
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Open Air Rock Festivals
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All day multi day festival for large gatherings signaling pop as big business from communalism to commercialism
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Altamont Festival
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Infamous rolling stones free concert best known for having been marred by violence. Antithesis of Woodstock.
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David Bowie
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British artist and innovator of glam scene, known for frequently reinventing his music and image
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Give up the FUNK
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blend of soul, jazz, and R&B into a rhythmic danceable music—deemphasizes melody adding a strong rhythmic groove of bass and drums
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James Brown
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considered the innovator of funk music
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Cold Sweat
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considered the first funk song
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George Clinton
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one of the most important innovators of funk music and the mastermind of the bands Parliament and funkadelic
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Disco
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genre of dance oriented pop music characterized by its synths, lush orchestration, Latin influenced funk and insistent beat.
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Studio 54
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Legendary NYC discotheque owned by Steve Rubell and known for its notorious hedonism
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Giorgio Moroder
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producer and architect of the disco sound
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Donna Summer
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The queen of disco
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Bob Marley
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Jamaican singer, songwriter, political activist, and the most widely known reggae performer
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The Clash
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Part of the original U.K. punk wave, they were far more experimental incorporating reggae, funk, rap, and dub in their music.
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Slam dancing
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Dance characterized by audience members aggressively pushing or slamming into each other
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X
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Punk band considered one of the most accessible and tuneful of LA’s Punk scene
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Dead Kennedy’s
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West Coast hardcore punk pioneers whose music mixed deliberately shocking lyricks of punk with acerbic humor, sarcastic left-wing social commentary
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College Radio
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Student programming led to a willingness to broadcast musical selections not categorized as commercial hits—indie/alternative rock
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Like a prayer
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Video condemned by the Vatican for perceived blasphemous mixture of catholic symbolism and eroticism
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Michael Jackson
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Among the most talented, successful, and controversial, entertainers in pop music
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Thriller
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Top selling album of all time, #1 for 37 weeks, 7 top 10 singles
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Moby
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Songwriter/producer whose lyrics and melody allowed for a more commercial electronic sound
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Nine Inch Nails
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Trent reznor is producer, singer, songwriter, instrumentalist, and only official member of this band. The defining industrial rock group.
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Rave Culture
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All night parties with various subcultures often associated with the use of club drugs like ecstasy.
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Glam Metal
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Style of metal from los angeles combining the hard edged metal sound with big hair and 70s glam image
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Motley Crue
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LA glam metal band that set the scale for decadent rock and roll behavior
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Psychedelic Experience
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A psychedelic experience is characterized by the perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown, or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ordinary restraints. Psychedelic states are one of the stations on the spectrum of experiences elicited by sensory deprivation as well as by psychedelic substances. On that same spectrum will be found illusions, changes of perception, altered states of awareness, mystical states, and occasionally states resembling schizophrenia
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Dark Side of The Moon
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The Dark Side of the Moon is the sixth studio album by English progressive rock group Pink Floyd. Released in March 1973, the concept built on the ideas that the band had explored in their live shows and previous recordings, but it lacks the extended instrumental excursions that characterised their work following the departure in 1968 of founding member, principal composer and lyricist, Syd Barrett. The album's themes include conflict, greed, aging, and mental illness, the latter partly inspired by Barrett's deteriorating mental state
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Arena Rock
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loosely defined term describing a generation of rock music. It was established by heavy metal, hard rock and progressive rock bands in the 1970s. Arena rock songs feature "slick productions",an emphasis on vocal harmonies on the choruses and an "unnatural emphasis on large, anthemic hooks and choruses", the last trait "setting it apart from its influences".
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Bitches Brew
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studio double album by jazz musician Miles Davis, released in April 1970 on Columbia Records. The album continued Davis' experimentation of electric instruments previously featured on his critically acclaimed In a Silent Way album. With the use of these instruments, such as the electric piano and guitar, Davis rejected traditional jazz rhythms in favor of a looser, rock-influenced improvisational style.
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Synthesizers
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an electronic instrument that is capable of producing a variety of sounds by generating and combining signals of different frequencies. Synthesizers create electrical signals, rather than direct acoustic sounds, which are then played through a loudspeaker or set of headphones.
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Studio 54
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world-famous disco in the 70s and early 80s. Studio 54 originally was a New York City Broadway theater, then it became a discothèque
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Exploding Plastic Inevitable
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series of multimedia events organized by Andy Warhol between 1966 and 1967, featuring musical performances by The Velvet Underground and Nico, screenings of Warhol's films, and dancing and performances by regulars of Warhol's Factory
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Psychodrama
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form of human development which explores, through dramatic action, the problems, issues, concerns, dreams and highest aspirations of people, groups, systems and organizations
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CBGBs
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music club at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan in New York City.
Founded by Hilly Kristal in 1973, it was originally intended to feature its namesake musical styles, but became a forum for American punk and New Wave bands |
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Bromley Contingent
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invented by journalist Caroline Coon[1] about a group of followers and fans of the Sex Pistols. They owed their name to Bromley, a satellite town of London, in the county of Kent, where some of them lived. They helped popularize the fashion of the early UK punk movement.
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Nevermind the Bollocks
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only official studio album recorded by the Sex Pistols, a highly influential and controversial English punk band. Fans and critics alike generally regard the album as an extremely important record in the history of rock music, citing the lasting influence it has had on subsequent punk musicians and other musical genres that were influenced by such punk rock artists.
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MTV
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an American cable television network based in New York City and launched on August 1, 1981.The original purpose of the channel was to play music videos guided by on-air hosts known as VJs.
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Thriller Video
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Often referred to as the greatest music video ever,Thriller proved to have a profound effect on popular culture,and was named "a watershed moment for the music industry" for its unprecedented merging of filmmaking and music.
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Madonna videos
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Her videos have depicted controversial subjects such as teen pregnancy, racism, religion, sex, and violence.
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Sub Pop Records
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record label founded by Bruce Pavitt and Jonathan Poneman in Seattle, Washington in 1986. Sub Pop achieved fame in the late 1980s for first signing Nirvana, Soundgarden, Mudhoney and many other bands from the Seattle music scene. They are often credited with taking the first steps toward popularizing grunge music,
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Nevermind
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Nevermind was the group's first release on DGC Records. Frontman Kurt Cobain sought to make music outside of the restrictive confines of the Seattle grunge scene, drawing influence from groups such as the Pixies and its use of loud/quiet song dynamics.
Despite low commercial expectations by the band and its record label, Nevermind became a surprise success in late 1991, largely due to the popularity of its first single, "Smells Like Teen Spirit". |
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Sampling
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sampling is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a different sound recording of a song
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No Fences
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Garth Brooks' second album. It reached #1 on the Billboard country music charts and #3 on Billboard's pop chart, and is Brooks' best-selling album to date,
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American Idol
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reality competition to find new solo musical talent
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Napster
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online music file sharing service created by Shawn Fanning while he was attending Northeastern University in Boston. The service operated between June 1999 and July 2001. Its technology allowed people to easily share their MP3 files with other participants, bypassing the established market for such songs and thus leading to the music industry's accusations of massive copyright violations
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conscious rap
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focuses on social issues. It is not necessarily overtly political, but it discusses social issues and conflicts. Themes of conscious hip hop include religion, aversion to violence, African American culture and advancement, the economy, or simple depictions of life in the projects/ghetto that reveal the struggle of ordinary people.
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breakbeat music
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term used to describe a collection of sub-genres of electronic music, usually characterized by the use of a non-straightened 4/4 drum pattern (as opposed to the steady beat of house or trance). These rhythms may be characterised by their intensive use of syncopation and polyrhythms
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gangsta rap
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a subgenre of hip hop that reflects the violent lifestyles of some inner-city youths
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commerical rap
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Rapping, also referred to as MCing or emceeing, is a vocal style in which the artist speaks lyrically, in rhyme and verse, generally to an instrumental or synthesized beat. Beats, almost always in 4/4 time signature, can be created by looping portions of other songs, usually by a DJ, or sampled from portions of other songs by a producer.[2] Modern beats incorporate synthesizers, drum machines, and live bands. Rappers may write, memorize, or improvise their lyrics and perform their works a cappella or to a beat
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underground rap
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umbrella term for hip hop music outside the general commercial canon[1]. The term is almost exclusively associated with independent artists, signed to small independent labels or no label at all. Underground hip hop is often characterized by having more socially conscious, positive, or anti-commercial lyrics than the mainstream
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Sound Systems
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group of DJs and engineers contributing and working together as one, playing and producing music
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rockit
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"Rockit" is a song recorded by Herbie Hancock. It was released as a single from his 1983 album Future Shock
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graffiti art
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images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or marked in any manner on property.
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turntabalism
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art of manipulating sounds and creating music using phonograph turntables or digital turntables and a DJ mixer.
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rapping
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is the rhythmic spoken delivery of rhymes, wordplay, and poetry. Rapping is a primary ingredient in hip hop music,
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freestyle rap
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refers to rap lyrics which are improvised through acapella or with instrumental beats, i.e. performed with few or no previously composed lyrics, off the top of the head
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Def Jam Records
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is a United States based hip-hop record label, owned by Universal Music Group, and operates as a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group. In the UK, the label takes on the name Def Jam UK and is operated through Mercury Music Group
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Walk this way
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In addition to being one of the songs that helped break Aerosmith into the mainstream in the 1970s, it also helped resurrect their career and revolutionized the new hybrid sub-musical genre of "rock and rap", or the molding of rock and hip hop music when it was covered by rappers Run-D.M.C.
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Fight the Power
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song by hip hop group Public Enemy.
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Straight outta compton
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debut studio album by American hip hop group N.W.A, released August 8, 1988 on group member Eazy-E's record label Ruthless Records. Its title refers to the group's native Compton, California. Production for the album was handled by Dr. Dre, with DJ Yella giving co-production.
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PMRC
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Parents Music Resource Center (PMRC) was an American committee formed in 1985 by four women: Tipper Gore, wife of Senator and later Vice President Al Gore; Susan Baker, wife of Treasury Secretary James Baker; Pam Howar, wife of Washington realtor Raymond Howar; and Sally Nevius, wife of Washington City Council Chairman John Nevius.
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Tipper Sticker
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"Parental Advisory" labels on selected releases at their own discretion. The labels were generic, unlike the original idea of a descriptive label categorizing the explicit lyrics.
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Tip Drill
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2003 song by Nelly. It was used as a remix of the song "E.I." featuring the St. Lunatics and produced by David Banner. The music video became controversial for its overt depiction of women as sexual objects.[1] It was meant to be a single, but withdrawn due to its potentially offensive content.
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Willie Nelson
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an American country singer-songwriter, author, poet, actor and activist. He reached his greatest fame during the outlaw country movement of the 1970s, but remains iconic, especially in American popular culture
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Led Zeplin
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English rock band formed in 1968 by Jimmy Page (guitar), Robert Plant (vocals, harmonica), John Paul Jones (bass guitar, keyboards, mandolin) and John Bonham (drums). With their heavy, guitar-driven sound, Led Zeppelin are regarded as one of the first heavy metal bands, helping to pioneer the genre
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Black Sabbath
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English rock band, formed in Birmingham in 1968 by Ozzy Osbourne (lead vocals), Tony Iommi (guitar), Terry "Geezer" Butler (bass), and Bill Ward (drums and percussion).
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Kiss
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American rock band formed in New York City in January 1973.[1] Easily identified by its members' face paint and flamboyant stage outfits, the group rose to prominence in the mid-1970s on the basis of their elaborate live performances, which featured fire breathing, blood spitting, smoking guitars, and pyrotechnics.
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Miles Davis
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was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer.Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century
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Santana
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band consisting of a flexible number of musicians accompanying Carlos Santana since the late 1960s. The range of these artists has varied greatly. Just like Santana himself, the band is known for helping make Latin rock famous in the rest of the world.
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Pink Floyd
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English rock band who earned recognition for their psychedelic music in the late 1960s and, as they evolved in the 1970s, for their progressive rock music.
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The Velvet Underground
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American experimental rock band formed in New York City, New York. First active from 1965 to 1973, their best-known members were Lou Reed and John Cale, who both went on to find success as solo artists. Although never commercially successful while together, the band is often cited by many critics as one of the most important and influential groups of their era and to many future musicians
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The Stooges
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are an American rock band that were first active from 1967 to 1974, then reformed in 2003. The Stooges sold few records in their original incarnation and often performed for indifferent or hostile audiences. Nevertheless, the Stooges are widely regarded as instrumental in the rise of punk rock, as well as influential to alternative rock and heavy metal. Singer Iggy Pop and his often outrageous onstage performances were frequently the main focus of attention
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Richard Hell
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Hell was an originator of the punk fashion look, the first to spike his hair and wear torn, cut and drawn-on shirts, often held together with safety pins.
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The Ramones
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American rock band often regarded as the first punk rock group.
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The Sex Pistols
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Sex Pistols are an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. They are responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians. Although their initial career lasted just two-and-a-half years and produced only four singles and one studio album,
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Duran Duran
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English rock band from Birmingham, United Kingdom. They were one of the most successful of the 1980s bands and a leading band in the MTV-driven "Second British Invasion" of the United States.
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Madonna
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American recording artist, actress and entrepreneur
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Metallica
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American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1981. Founded when drummer Lars Ulrich posted an advertisement in a local newspaper, Metallica's line-up has primarily consisted of Ulrich, rhythm guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield and lead guitarist Kirk Hammett, while going through a number of bassists.
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Mudhoney
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American grunge band. Formed in Seattle, Washington in 1988 following the demise of Green River, Mudhoney's members are vocalist and rhythm guitarist Mark Arm, lead guitarist Steve Turner, bassist Matt Lukin (who left in 1999 to be replaced by Guy Maddison) and drummer Dan Peters. Mudhoney's early releases on Sub Pop—the "Touch Me I'm Sick
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Nirvana
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American rock band that was formed by singer/guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic in Aberdeen, Washington in 1987. Nirvana went through a succession of drummers, the longest-lasting being Dave Grohl, who joined the band in 1990.
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Radiohead
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English alternative rock band from Abingdon, Oxfordshire, formed in 1985. The band consists of Thom Yorke (lead vocals, rhythm guitar, piano, beats), Jonny Greenwood (lead guitar, keyboard, other instruments), Ed O'Brien (guitar, backing vocals), Colin Greenwood (bass guitar, synthesizers) and Phil Selway (drums, percussion).
Radiohead released their first single, "Creep", in 1992. |
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Garth Brooks
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American country music artist. most successful careers in popular music history, breaking records for both sales and concert attendance throughout the 1990s
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Dixie Chicks
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country music group, currently comprising Martie Maguire, Emily Robison and lead singer Natalie Maines. The group has sold 30.5 million albums in the United States through August 2009, making them the best-selling female group in the country
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NSYNC
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American Boy Band. Since 1997, 'N Sync has sold over 56 million records worldwide.[2]
Formed in Orlando, Florida in 1995 and launched in Germany, NSYNC became the 2nd highest selling boyband of all-time (behind the Backstreet Boys). In 1996 by BMG Ariola Munich[3], the group consisted of Justin Timberlake, JC Chasez, Lance Bass, Joey Fatone and Chris Kirkpatrick. |
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Kool Herc
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Clive Campbell (born April 16, 1955), also known as Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited with originating hip hop music, in the Bronx, New York City
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Sugar Hill Gang
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American hip hop group, known mostly for their biggest hit, "Rapper's Delight", the first hip hop single recorded to become a Top 40 hit.
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Run DMC
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a hip hop group from Hollis, in the Queens borough of New York City. Founded by Joseph "Run" Simmons, Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, and Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell, the group is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop. They were the biggest act in hip-hop throughout the 1980s and are credited with breaking hip hop into mainstream music.
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Queen Latifa
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American rapper, actress, and singer. Queen Latifah's work in music, film and television has earned her a Golden Globe award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, two Image Awards, a Grammy Award, six additional Grammy nominations, an Emmy Award nomination and an Academy Award nomination
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NWA
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a Compton, California-based hip hop group widely considered one of the seminal acts of the gangsta rap sub-genre
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Tupac
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He has sold 75 million albums to date and is one of the best-selling music artists in the world.[3] In addition to his status as a top-selling recording artist, Shakur was a promising actor[4] and a social activist. Most of Shakur's songs are about growing up amid violence and hardship in ghettos, racism, problems in society and conflicts with other rappers. Shakur's work is known for advocating egalitarianism
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Eminem
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American rapper, record producer and actor
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Public Enemy
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hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for its politically charged lyrics and criticism of the American media, with an active interest in the frustrations and concerns of the African American community
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