Music Appreciation Test #2

Front 1

Patronage

Back 1

Sponsorship of an artist or musician, historically by a member of the wealthy

Front 2

Gregorian Chant

Back 2

Also know as: plainchant or plainsong; Monophonic melody w/ a freely flowing vocal line

Front 3

Syllabic

Back 3

Melodic style w/ one note to each syllable of text

Front 4

Neumatic

Back 4

Melodic style w/ two to four notes set to each syllable

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Neumes

Back 5

Early musical notation signs; square notes on a four-line staff

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Nakers

Back 6

Midieval percussion insturuments resembling small kettledrums; played in pairs; middle eastern orgin

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Melismatic

Back 7

Melodic style characterized by many notes sung to a single text syllable

Front 8

Mode

Back 8

Scale or sequence of notes used as the basis for a composition; major and minor are modes

Front 9

Modal

Back 9

Characterizes music that is based on modes other than major and minor, especially the early church modes

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Mass

Back 10

Central service of the Roman Catholic Church

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Motet

Back 11

Polyrythmic vocal genre, secular in the Middle Ages but sacred or devotional thereafter

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Divine Offices

Back 12

Cycle of daily services of the Roman Catholic Church, distinct from mass

Front 13

Proper

Back 13

Sections of the Roman Catholic Mass that vary from day to day depending on time of year and the occasion

Front 14

Ordinary

Back 14

Sections of Roman Catholic Mass that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year

Front 15

Responsorial Singing

Back 15

Singing, especially in Gregorian Chant, in which a soloist or a group of soloists alternates w/ the choir

Front 16

Polyphony or Polyphonic

Back 16

Two or more melodic lines combined into a multivoiced texture

Front 17

Organum

Back 17

Earliest kind of polyphonic music, which came from adding voices above a plainchant

Front 18

Polytextual

Back 18

Two or more texts set simultaneously in a composition; common in the medieval motet

Front 19

Jongleurs

Back 19

Medieval wandering entertainers who played instruments, sang and danced, juggled, and did plays

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Jongleuresses

Back 20

Female Jongleurs

Front 21

Troubadours

Back 21

Medieval poet-musicians in Southern France

Front 22

Trobairitz

Back 22

Female Troubadours

Front 23

Trouveres

Back 23

Medieval poet-musicians in Northern France

Front 24

Estampie

Back 24

A dance form prevalent in late medieval France, either w/ voice or purely insturmental

Front 25

Strophic Form

Back 25

Song structure in which the same music is repeated w/ every stanza of the poem

Front 26

Rebec

Back 26

Medieval bowed-string instrument, often w/ a pair shaped body

Front 27

Pipe

Back 27

A medieval flute with three holes that is blown at one end through a mouthpiece

Front 28

Guitarra Moresca

Back 28

A strummed string instrument introduced by Spain to the Moores

Front 29

Ars Antiqua

Back 29

Polyphonic musical style, usually French, from 1160-1320

Front 30

Ars Nova

Back 30

Fourteenth-century French polyphonic musical style whose themes moved from religous to secular

Front 31

Chanson

Back 31

French monophonic or polyphonic song, especially of the Middle Ages and Rennissance; Set to either courtly or popular poetry

Front 32

Rondeau

Back 32

Medieval and Rennissance fixed poetic form and chanson type w/ courtly love texts

Front 33

Ballade

Back 33

French poetic form and chanson type of the Middle Ages and Renaissance w/ courtly love texts. Also a Romantic genre, especially a lyric piano piece

Front 34

Varelai

Back 34

Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and chanson type w/ French courtly texts

Front 35

Shawm

Back 35

Medieval wind instrument; ancestor of the oboe

Front 36

Rabab

Back 36

Any of a variety of bowed string instruments from the islamic world, most held upright. The medieval rebec was derived from these inst.

Front 37

Zurna

Back 37

Double-reeded inst from the Middle East; The Shawm was derived from this instrument

Front 38

Recorder

Back 38

End-blown woodwind instrument with a wistle mouthpiece, generally associated w/ early music

Front 39

Lute

Back 39

Plucked-string inst of Middle Eastern orgin, popular in Western Europe from late Middle Ages to 18th century

Front 40

Harp

Back 40

Plucked-string inst, triangular in shape w/ strings perpendicular to the soundboard

Front 41

Psaltery

Back 41

Medieval plucked-string inst similar to the modern zither, consisting of a sound box over which strings are stretched

Front 42

Dulcimer

Back 42

Early folk instrument that resembles the psaltery; its strings are struck w/ hammers instead of plucked

Front 43

Rhythmic Modes

Back 43

Fixed rhythmic patterns of long and short notes, popular in the 13th century

Front 44

Vielle

Back 44

Medieval bowed-string inst; ancestor of the violin

Front 45

Sacbut

Back 45

Early brass inst; ancestor of the trombone

Front 46

Crumhorn

Back 46

Early woodwind inst, whose sound is produced by blowing into a capped double-reed and the lower body is curved

Front 47

Cornetto

Back 47

Early instrument of the brass family w/ woodwind-like finger holes; developed from cowhorn but was made of wood

Front 48

Tabor

Back 48

Cylindrical medieval drum

Front 49

Portative Organ

Back 49

Medieval organ small enough to be carried, usually w/ one set of pipes

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Positive Organ

Back 50

Small single-manual organ, popular in the Renissance and Baroque eras

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Imitation

Back 51

Melodic idea presented in one voice and then restated in another

Front 52

Word Painting

Back 52

Musical pictorialization of words from the text as an expressive device; prominent feature of Renaissance Madrigal

Front 53

Cantus Firmus

Back 53

Fixed Melody, usually of very long notes; Renaissance era

Front 54

Homorythmic

Back 54

Texture in which all voices, or lines, move together in the same rhythm

Front 55

Vernacular

Back 55

The common language spoken by the people as distinguished from the literary language or educated elite

Front 56

Requiem Mass

Back 56

Roman Catholic Mass for the dead

Front 57

Madrigal

Back 57

Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, w/ or w/o inst, set to a short, lyric love poem; also polular in England

Front 58

Ronde

Back 58

Lively Renaissance "round dance," associated w/ the outdoors, in which the participants danced in a circle or a line

Front 59

Binary form

Back 59

Two-part (A-B) form w/ each section normally repeated

Front 60

Embellishment

Back 60

Melodic decoration, either improvised or indicated through ornamentation signs in the music

Front 61

Polychoral

Back 61

Performance style developed in the late 16th century; two or more choirs alternate or sing w/ eachother

Front 62

Musical Movements of the Mass

Back 62

#1 - 10 (Proper & Ordinary)

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#1

Back 63

Introit (Proper)

Front 64

Ordinary

Back 64

Fixed portion

Front 65

Proper

Back 65

Variable portion

Front 66

#2

Back 66

Kyrie (Ordinary)

Front 67

#3

Back 67

Gloria (Ordinary)

Front 68

#4

Back 68

Gradual (Proper)

Front 69

#5

Back 69

Alleluia or Tract (Proper)

Front 70

#6

Back 70

Credo (Ordinary)

Front 71

#7

Back 71

Offertory (Proper)

Front 72

#8

Back 72

Sanctus (Ordinary)

Front 73

#9

Back 73

Agnus Dei (Ordinary)

Front 74

#10

Back 74

Communion (Proper)

Front 75

Hildegard of Bingen

Back 75

Alleluia, O virga mediatrix; Plainchant; Alleluia, from the Mass Proper

Front 76

Notre Dame School Organum

Back 76

Gaude Maria virgo; Organum, 3 voices; Responsory for one of the offices

Front 77

Raimbaut de Vaqueiras

Back 77

Kalenda maya; Late 12th century; Estampie (Troubadour dance song)

Front 78

Machaut

Back 78

Puis qu'en oubli; Mid-14th century; Polyphonic chanson 3 voices

Front 79

15th & 16th century musicians found employement as what?

Back 79

choirmasters, singers, organists, instrumentalists, copyists, composers, teachers, instrument builders, and music printers

Front 80

Which musical institutions found support in the 15th and 16th century?

Back 80

Church choirs and schools, music publishing houses, and civic wind bands

Front 81

Cantor

Back 81

Solo singer or singing leader in Jewish and Christian liturgical music

Front 82

Minnesingers

Back 82

Late medieval German poet-musicians

Front 83

Guiro

Back 83

Idiophone of Latin orgin; a hollow gourd with notches, across which a stick is scraped

Front 84

Panpipes or Syrinx

Back 84

Wind inst consisting of a series of small vertical tubes of different length; sound produced by blowing across tubes

Front 85

Lyre

Back 85

Ancient plucked-string inst of the harp family, used to accompany singing and poetry

Front 86

Muses

Back 86

Nine daughters of Zeus in ancient mythology; each presided over one of the arts

Front 87

Quadrivium

Back 87

Subdivision of the seven liberal arts; includes mathmatical subjects of music, arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy

Front 88

Josquin

Back 88

Ave Maria...virgo serena; 1480s; 4-voice motet

Front 89

Palestrina

Back 89

Pope Marcellus Mass, Gloria; 1567; Mass, Gloria, from a setting of the Ordinary

Front 90

Susato

Back 90

Three Dances; 1551; Ronde (a round dance), duple meter, arranged for 4-part ensemble; binary form

Front 91

Monteverdi

Back 91

Ecco mormorar l'onde; 1590 Second book of Madrigals; Italian Madrigal, 5 voices (SSATB)

Front 92

Farmer

Back 92

Fair Phyllis; 1599; English madrigal, 4 voices