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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Timbre
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Sound Color
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Dynamics
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The Loudness or Softness of sound
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Range
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Distance between highest and lowest notes
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Register
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Area within the range
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Harmony
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Multiple notes heard simultaneously
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Chord
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Three or more notes heard simultaneously
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Triad
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Most common chord in our musical language
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Scale or Mode
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A hierarchical series of notes;
build a scale following a pattern of intervals |
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Interval
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Distance between any two pitches
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Major and Minor
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Two most common scales/modes
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Tonic
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The 1st note of a scale AND the chord built on that first note
*more significant than all other notes |
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Dominant
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5th note of a scale
*2nd most important note |
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Key
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Music that centers around a most significant note (the tonic)
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Consonance
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Music stability
*Tonic is an example,we can end |
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Dissonance
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Music instability
*requires a resolution |
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Rhythm
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Ordering of music in time
or patterns of short and long durations |
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Hierarchy
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Organization into levels
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Beat
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A periodic pulse
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Tempo
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Speed of the beat
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Multiple
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Pulses which are slower than the beat
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Meter
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Grouping of beats into patterns of short and long pulses
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Duple
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Strong-Weak
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Triple
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Strong-Weak-Weak
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Quadruple
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Strong-Weak-Somewhat Strong-Weak
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Divisions
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Pulses faster than the beat
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Simple division
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divides into two equal parts
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Complex division
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divides into three equal parts
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Instrumental Families
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Strings, Woodwinds, Brass, Percussion, Keyboard
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Melody
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A coherent series of notes
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Shape/Contour
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The rise and fall of the melody
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Pitch
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The highness of lowness of a sound
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Interval
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The distance between two pitches
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Phrase
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Unit of a melody which ends in a cadence
*“twinkle twinkle little star” first phrase |
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Cadence
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Musical punctuation
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Imitation
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The reinstatement of a musical idea in a different voice part
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Form
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The structure or design of music
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Repetition
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AA
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Contrast
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AB
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Variation
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AA'
*Some elements remain the same and some are changed |
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Return
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ABBA
Reinstatement after contrasting material |
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Binary
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AB
Two part form with only one point of contrast |
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Ternary
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ABA, ABA'
Three part form with two points of contrast |
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Through-Composed
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A
One part form |
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Middle Ages
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(450-1450)
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Plainchant
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Primary sacred music in the middle ages
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Syllabic
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Text setting
One note per syllable of text |
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Melismatic
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Text setting
Multiple notes per syllable of text |
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Mode
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Scales in the middle ages
Medieval modes are different than the major/minor (scale) |
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Organum
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Two part chant
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Cantus Firmus Technique
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Fixed song
Refers to the way it's used in organum *Music above or below existing plainchant melodies |
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Notre Dame school
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12th & 13th centuries
Organum becomes common Development of Rhythmic Notation (rhythmic modes) |
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Rhythmic Modes
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Earliest rhythmic notation
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Sacred Music
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Church
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Secular
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Anything outside of church
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Leonin and Perotin
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(12th century)
*First composers *Associated with the School of Notre Dame *Wrote organum |
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Hildegard
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First female composer we know by name
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Guillame de Machaut
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(last part of the middle ages)
Composed the Ars Nova |
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Mass Ordinary
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*Most important service of the catholic church
*Most important sacred music *Five texts are Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Agnus Di |
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Motet
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Other important sacred music
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Madrigal
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*Most important type of secular music
*Most interested in Word Painting (Timbre) |
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Imitative Polyphony
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The most common type of texture
*Used to tie music together |
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A Cappella
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Voices Only
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Palestrina
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*Famous for participating in the council of trent
*demonstrated that music belongs in service |
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Josquin
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Famous Composer
*bounced back and forth between secular and sacred |