Music Appreciation Final Exam Flip

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1600-1750

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the dates of the Baroque

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motet

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a sacred form with Latin text for use in the Mass and other religious services

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Pope Gregory the Great

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believed to have introduced music in an organized liturgy

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strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion

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the four major family groups of the instruments of the western world

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theme

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a musical idea that is used as a building block in the construction or a composition

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Gregorian Chant

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consists of a single line melody; monophonic in texture and lacks harmony and counterpoint

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string quartet

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held the central position in classical chamber music - consists of two violins, a viola, and a cello

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motive

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the smallest melodic unit of a theme

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woodwinds

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instruments made of wood or metal whose tone is produced by a column of air vibrating within a piope that has holes along its length

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acapella

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choral music that is performed without accompaniment

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brass instruments

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trumpet, french horn, trombone, tuba

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fuging tunes

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polyphonic settings of hymns and psalms (polyphonic style emerged from lining out)

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madrigal choirs

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small vocal ensemble that specializes in a cappella secular works

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monody

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music for one singer with instrumental accompaniment

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percussion instruments

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snare drum, tenor drum, bass drum, tambourine, triangle, cymbals, gong

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The Marriage of Figaro

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written in 1786, this opera made mozart reach the peak of his career

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chamber choirs

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ensembles of about 24 singers, who usually perform a cappella or with piano accompaniment

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figured bass

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a baroque practice consisting of an independent bass line that often includes numerals indicating the harmony to be supplied by the performer

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syllabic, neumatic, and melismatic

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three main classes of Gregorian melodies

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The Magic Flute

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Mozart produced this Clarinet concerto during the last year of his life

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1750-1825

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the dates of the classical period

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instrumental chamber music

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ensemble music for a group of two to about a dozen players, with one player to a part

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syllabic

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one note to each syllable of text

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the Choral Symphony

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What is Beeghoven's 9th Symphony known as? The finale was the setting of the poet Schilller's Ode to joy.

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neumatic

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generally with small groups of up to 2 or 4 notes sung to a syllable

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string quartet

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standard combination made up of 2 violins, a viola and a cello

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word painting

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favored in secular music; made the music reflect the meaning of the words

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1450-1600

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dates of the renaissance

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A Little Night Music - probably written for a string quartet

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Eine kleine Nachtmusik means? what was the work probably written for?

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Beethoven

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according to the text, he is the most popular composer of art music in the world.

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Council of Trent

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sought to regulate every area of religious discipline

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melismatic

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long groups of notes sung to a single syllable

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polyrhythm

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the simultaneous use of rhythmic patterns that conflict with the underlying beat, such as “two against three” or “three against four”

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the four seasons

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vivaldi's best known work - consists of a group of four violin concertos

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chanson and madrigal

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two important secular genres that arose from the union of poetry and music

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haydn, mozart, beethoven, and successor franz schubert

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masters of the veinnese school, defined the classical period

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No. 5 Symphony in C minor

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Perhaps the best known of all symphonies

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lyrical, singable melodies
diatonic harmonies
strong regular rhythms
use of folk and popular elements

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the characterization of the classical era

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madrigal

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a renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to a short, lyric love poem

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Claudio Monteverdi

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a transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Published 8 books

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Martin Luther

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led the Reformation, the Protestant revolt

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counter reformation

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the movement by the church that strove to recapture the loyalty of its people

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30-40 players

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the 18th century orchestra numbered how many players?

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Fair Phyllis

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a madrigal written by John Farmer and was characteristic of the English madrigal.

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GF Handel

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master of opera in the late Baroque

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organum

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earliest polyphonic music; developed from the custom of adding a second voice above or below the Gregorian melody and the interval of a fifth or fourth

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motet

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formed by writing new texts for the previously textless upper voice of organum

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piano concerto

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Mozart played a crucial role in the development of what type of concerto?

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string quartet

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occupied a central position of Haydn's output

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1476-1450

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dates of the middle ages

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The Creation and The Seasons

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the two oratorios created by Haydn follow in the grand tradition of Handel

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plainsong / plainchant

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aka Gregorian Chant

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The Surprise

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Haydn's best known symphony

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monophonic

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music whose texture is made up of a single line or voice without harmonic accompaniment

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the classical era

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golden age of chamber music

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Bach

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a court organist and chamber musician to the Duke of Weimar

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heterophony

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texture in which two or more voices or parts elaborate the same melody simultaneously

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Handel

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the master of the oratorio

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polyphony

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the combining of two or more different melodic lines into a multi-voiced texture

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vivace

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lively

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presto

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very fast

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homophonic texture

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texture with a principal melody and accompanying harmony

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homorhythmic

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all voices move at the same time, note for note

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pianissimo

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very soft

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piano

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soft

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mezzo piano

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moderate soft

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mezzo forte

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moderately loud

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forte

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loud

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fortissimo

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very loud

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crescendo

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growing louder; <

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decrescendo or diminuendo

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growing softer; >

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volume (dynamics)

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depends on the intensity of the vibrations, which determines whether the tone strikes us as being loud or soft

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grave

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solemn (very very slow)

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largo

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broad (very slow)

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adagio

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quite slow

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andante

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walking pace

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moderato

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moderate

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allegro

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fast (cheerful)

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terraced dyamics

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characterized by sudden changes in dynamic levels