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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What period took place between the years 400-1400.
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The Middle ages, medieval
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What period took place between the 1400's and 1600s.
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the Renaissance period
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What period took place between the 1600's -1750?
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the Baroque period
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What period took place between 1750-1820?
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Symphony period, Mozart, Beethoven, and Hadyn
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What period took place between 1820-1900?
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the Romantic period
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Name all the famous composers during the Romantic period.
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Schubert Tekaiskousky
Brahms Duorak Schumann Smetana |
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What period occured during 1900s?
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Contemporary
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What kind of sylte is contemporary?
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much more free, different styles
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What is music?
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organization of sounds in time
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What is sound
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vibration, "soul" produced by vibrations
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What is frequency?
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rate of sound vibrations
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What is the frequency of a pitch played in European-style orchestras?
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440 cycles
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What are dynamics?
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levels of energy, the way sound is played
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What are the 3 most important elements in music?
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rythm
melody harmony |
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What is rythm?
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the time aspect of music
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What is melody?
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cannot exist without rythm, the aspect of music having to do with the succession (order) of pitches.
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What is harmony?
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melody and rhythm can exist without it, "the nature of the chords"
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What is the word and symbol for loud?
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forte "f"
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What is the word and symbol for soft?
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piano, "p"
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What does are the words for very loud & soft, medium loud and soft?
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fortissimo-very loud, pianissimo-very soft, mezzo forte-medium loud, mezzo piano-medium soft
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What is the word for gradually decreasing?
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crescendo
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What is the word for gradually increasing?
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diminuendo, descrescendo
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What is tone color?q
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the sonorous quality of a particular instrument, voice or a combination
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What is timbre?
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the same as tone color
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What is duration?
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the length of time we hear in minutes,seconds, or microseconds.
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What is rythm?
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the main driving force for music.
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What are beats?
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basic unit for measuring time in music.
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What is an accent?
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giving certain beats, making some beats more emphatic than others.
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What is a meter?
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any recurring pattern of strong and weak beats
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What is a duple meter?
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grouped in twos (one two|one two), familiar from marches, ex. "yankee doodle"
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What is a triple meter?
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meters grouped in threes, (one, two three|one two three), familiar in national songs, ex"Star Spangled Banner
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What is a compound?
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subtypes of duple and triple meters
ex."Row, row row your boat. |
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What is syncopation?
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one way of obtaining interesting striking effects in music is to diplace the accents in a foreground rythm away from their normal position on the beats of the background meter.
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What is tempo? give an example
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the speed of music, 60 quarter beats per minute (quarter note)
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What are the common tempo indications?
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slow:adagio
walking,on the slow side: andante moderate:moderate speed on the fast side: allegretto fast:allegro, very fast:presto |
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What is the word for gradually getting faster?
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accelerando
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What is the word for gradually getting slower?
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ritenuto (ritardando)
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What is the word for a stop, a hold of indefinite length on a certain note or rest, suspends the tempo?
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fermata
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What is a metronome?
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a mechanical or electrical device that ticks out beats at any desired tempo
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What is a scale?
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fixed pitches assembled in a collection
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What are flats?
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indicates that the note to which it is attached is to be played semitone lower.
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What is a sharp?
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the note it precedes is to be played semitone higher
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What is a half-step?
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smallest tone, semitone, distance between any two successive notes of the chromatic scale. ex. between E&F, B&C
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What is a whole step?
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whole tone=2 half steps,
ex. D-E, e-F#< F#-G# |
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What is always placed at the beginning of each staff?
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clef
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What is the G clef?
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connects one of the fixed lines of the staff to a specific pitch.
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What is the F clef?
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bass clef-2 dots straddle the fourth line up. F pitch goes on the line
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What is a measure?
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a bar line
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What is a melody?
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an organized series of pitches
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What are tunes?
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the most familiar of melodies
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What is a theme?
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the most general term for the basic subject matter of longer pieces of music
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What is a monophone?
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one melody
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What is harmonized?
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the continous matrix of changing chords provides a sort of constantly shifting sound back-ground for the song.
ex. adding chords to melody |
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What are chords?
What is the simplest chord? |
number of standard groupings of simultaneous pitches.
3 note cord |
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What is polyphony?
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-2 or more melodies played or sung at the same time?
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What is texture?
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the term used to refer to the blend of the various sounds and melodic lines occuring simultaneously in music.
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What is polyphony imitation?
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if a melody is played and the same melody is played at the same time. or one coming in shortly after another
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What are the voice ranges?
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4-soprano, alto, bass, tenor
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What is homophonic?
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where there is only one melody of real interest and it is combined with other sounds.
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What are phrases?
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tunes fall naturally into smaller sections
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What is consonance?
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chords that sound at rest
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What is dissonance?
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chords that leave the listener with a feeling of expectation, it requires a consonant chord following to complete the gesture and to come to stability.
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What do dissonant chords require?
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they need to be resolved with the sounding of consonant chords
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What is a major?
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music with "do" center. Usually finishes with the main tonic.
when you start from "C" |
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What is tonic?
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the "home" pitch (do)
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what is minor mode?
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music with the "la" orientation
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What are modes?
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different "home pitches"
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What was developed in the nineteenth centure?
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the largest symphony orchestra
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What is the violin family instrument, woodwind instrument, and brass intrument for the soprano voice?
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violin, flute, trumpet
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What is the violin family, woodwind, and brass instruments for the alto voice?
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viola, oboe, french horn
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What is the violin family , woodwind, and brass instrument for the tenor voice?
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cello, clarinet, and trombone
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What is the violin family, woodwind, and brass instrument for the bass voice?
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bass(viol family), bassoon, and tuba
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What invented the hammer for the piano?
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Bartolomeo Christophori
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What is the strings cortet?
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piano, violin, cello, and viola
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What is form in music?
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the elements form and organization relationship that connects those beginnings, middles, and ends.
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What are binary forms?
What are ternary forms? |
two basic sections (a,a)(b,b)
three basic sections |
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What is sonata form?
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contrasting two forms, theme must contrast
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What is an exposition?
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the section of the sonata form movement
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What is development?
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the second section of the sonata form movement, which features the development process
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What is recapitulation?
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the third section of the sonata form movement
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What are sonatas?
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the 1st movements of a symphony
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What is the last movement of a symphony?
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finale, rando form
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What are variations?
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they remind you of the theme.
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When is the theme presented?
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in the beginning of the piece
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What form was used mostly in the baroque music?
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suite
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