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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MELODY
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succesion of single tones (what you hum or remember)
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CONJUNCT
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intervals are close & connected, "narrow"
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DISJUNCT
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intervals are far apart, they skip around "wide"
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RANGE
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lowest note to highest
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CADENCE
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resting place in musical phrase, music punctuation
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PHRASE
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unit of meaning in larger structure
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RHYTHM
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controlled, organized music in time
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METER
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organized beats into regular groups
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BEAT
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basic unit of length in musical time
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MEASURE
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fixed # of beats
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DUPLE METER
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2 beats to a measure
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TRIPLE METER
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3 beats to a measure
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QUADRUPLE METER
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4 beats to a measure, common time
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COMPOUND METER
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divisible by 3
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SYNCOPATION
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deliberate upset of tempo, strong beat appears where weak should be
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HARMONY
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movement/relationship of intervals & chords (depth & support)
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INTERVAL
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distance between any 2 notes
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SCALE
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collection of pitches ascending to descending
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DIATONIC
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music built on the 7 tones of major or minor scale
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CHROMATIC
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semitones, 1/2 steps, "smallest recognized interval"
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CHORD
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3 or more tones played simultaneously
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TRIAD
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3 note chord (1-3-5)
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CONSONANCE
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agreeable, pleasant
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DISONANCE
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not agreeable, unpleasant
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TEXTURE
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musical fabric
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MONOPHONIC
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single line texture or melody without accompaniment
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POLYPHONIC
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note against note
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HOMOPHONIC
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melody, accompaniment
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COUNTERPOINT
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2 or more notes, combing 2 or more melodic lines in a single texture
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IMITATION
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one voice restated in another
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BINARY
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2 part form A-B
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TERNARY
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3 part form A-B-A
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MOVEMENT
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complete self-contained part within a larger musical work
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REPITION & CONTRAST
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unity & variety
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REPETITION
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fixed material in our minds & satisfies our need for the familiar
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CONTRAST
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stimulates our interest & feeds our love for change
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ACCELERANDO
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getting faster
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ADAGIO
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quite slow
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ALLEGRO
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cheerful, fast
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ANDANTE
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walking pace
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A TEMPO
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return to the previous tempo
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GRAVE
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solemn, very slow
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LARGO
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broad, very slow
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MENO
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less
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MODERATO
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moderate
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MOLTO
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very
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POCO
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a little
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PRESTO
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very fast
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RITARDANDO
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gradually slower
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VIVACE
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lively, very fast
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CRESCENDO
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gradually louder
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DIMINUENDO/DECRESCENDO
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gradually softer
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FORTE
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loud
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PIANO
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soft
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A CAPPELLA
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no accompaniment, just voices
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CHAMBER MUSIC
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ensemble music for up to about ten players, with one player to a part
Ex: trio, duet, quartet |
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CONDUCTOR
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leads performances of musical ensembles by means of gestures
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ORCHESTRA
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performing group of diverse instruments in various cultures; In Western Art Music, it's an ensemble of multiple strings with various woodwind, brass, & percussion instruments
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PITCH
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# of vibrations per second; High = piccolo, low = flute
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STRING QUARTET
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Chamber Music ensemble: 2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello
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WOODWIND QUINTET
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Standard chamber ensemble: Flute, oboe, clarinet, basoon & french horn
French Horn is not a Woodwind instrument)... it's in the Brass family |
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STRING INSTRUMENTS INCLUDE:
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Bowed - violin, viola, cello, double-bass
Plucked - harp, guitar Strings make up 2/3's of the stage |
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WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS CONSIST OF:
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Piccolo - small high pitched
Flute Oboe - double reed (little bit of nasal sound) Clarinet - types - small, regular, alto, bass, counterbass; simple reed mouthpiece Bassoon - double reed Contrabassoon - double reed Standard in Orchestra - Flute, Clarinet & Bassoon |
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BRASS INSTRUMENTS CONSIST OF:
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Trumpet
French Horn - curled up, 16 ft. long when tubing unfolded Trombone - not standard |
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PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS CONSIST OF:
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Pitched: timpani aka kettle drum (usually 6 in orchestra), xylophone, chime, bells aka glockenspiel, marimba, vibraphone
Unpitched: snare drum aka side drum, bass drum, gong/tam-tam, triangle, tambourine, cymbals, woodblocks |
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PERCUSSION
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Adds pitched & unpitched rhythm
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CONTRA/WOOD
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no string
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WIND
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smaller ensemble
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DISSONANCE
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unstable musical sounds in need of resolution
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CONSONANCE
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musical sounds that seem stable, not needing to resolve; concordant
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DRONE
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musics that unfold over a supporting sustained tone
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HETEROPHONIC
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combines 2 or more melodic voices
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CANON
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Also called Round:
a strictly ordered composition based on one voice imitating another |
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RETROGRADE
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melody heard backwards
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INVERSION
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melody is turned upside down, so that its intervals occur in the opposite direction
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AUGMENTATION
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melody is heard more slowly (half as fast)
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4 QUALITIES OF ANY MUSICAL SOUND:
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pitch, duration, volume, timbre
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3 STANDARD FEMALE VOICE PARTS:
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soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto
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3 STANDARD MALE VOICE PARTS:
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tenor, baritone, bass
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EMBOUCHURE
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lips, lower facial muscles & jaw related to a wind player
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KING OF INSTRUMENTS
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organ
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PIANOTRIO
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chamber ensemble of piano & strings
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JAZZ BAND
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ensemble made up of sections of reed, brass, & rhythm
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PIZZICATO
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plucking the string with the finger
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TRILL
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rapid alternation from one tone to the one above it
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VIBRATO
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throbbing effect produced by slightly wiggling the finger while bowing
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MUTING
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muffling the sound by a small attachment on the bridge
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STACCATO
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short, detached style of playing
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DOUBLE STOPPING
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playing 2 notes at one time
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GLISSANDO
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plucking the string with the finger
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FORM
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element of music representing clarity & order
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TWO BASIC PRINCIPLES OF MUSIC STRUCTURE:
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repetition & contrast
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THIRD PRINCIPLE OF FORM:
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variation
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THEME
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melody used as a building block in a work
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A MOTIVE
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melody broken up into smaller units
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SEQUENCE
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restated in another pitch level
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THEMATIC DEVELOPMENT
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expansion of a theme
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CALL & RESPONSE
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repetitive singing style in which a leader is imitated by a group of followers. Cultures: African, Native American, African-American
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NON TROPPO
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not too much
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MOLTO VIVACE
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very lively
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FORZANDO
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sudden stress or accent
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TRUE OR FALSE:
10th century musical scores generally lack indications for dynamics or tempo |
false
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TRUE OR FALSE:
A change in volume from mp to f would be indicated by a diminuendo |
false
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TRUE OR FALSE:
The softest dynamic marking ever used is pp |
false, can have up to 4 p's (pppp)
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TRUE OR FALSE:
Tempo & dynamics contribute to the overall musical expression of a piece |
true
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Name the category for this instrument:
Gourd rattle |
idiophone
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Name the category for this instrument:
Japanese koto |
chordophone
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Name the category for this instrument:
Bagpipe |
aerophone
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Name the category for this instrument:
Indian sitar |
chordophone
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Name the category for this instrument:
African hand drum |
membranophone
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Name the category for this instrument:
Gong/Tam-tam |
idiophone
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Name the category for this instrument:
Horns & flutes |
aerophone
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IDIOPHONE
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instrument category that produces sound from the substance of the instrument as it is rubbed, struck, or shaken
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MEMBRANOPHONE
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any instrument that is sounded from a tightly stretched skin that is struck, rubbed, or plucked
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CHORDOPHONE
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an instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string stretched between 2 points. It can be sounded by 2 means: bowing & plucking
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Name 2 modern Western instruments of Middle Eastern origin:
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possible answer =
guitar & timpani |
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NAME TYPES OF AEROPHONES:
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Possible answers:
French Horn, flute, trumpet, oboe, clarinet, tuba, trombone, bassoon, sax |
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NAME TYPES OF CHORDOPHONES
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Possible answers:
Violin, double-bass |
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NAME TYPES OF MEMBRANOPHONES
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Possible answer:
timpani |
