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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sound
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Vibrations in the air, perceived by the ear
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Music
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Sound organized in time
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Tone
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Sound with consistent rate of vibration
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Noise
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Sound without consistent rate of vibration
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Pitch
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Highness or lowness of a tone. Lower pitches have slower vibrations and vice versa
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Duration
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Discussed in terms of beats and fractions of beats
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Notation
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A complex set of symbols for indicating the pitch and duration of musical sounds
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Melody
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The linear aspect of music. A series of pitches that is memorable
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Range
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Distance between lowest and highest pitch in a melody
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Conjunct
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Melody that moves up and down scale step by step
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Disjunct
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Melody that moves up and down scale by leaping around
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Phrase
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The basic unit of meaning/construction in a melody
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Cadence
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A formula that marks the end of a phrase
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Counter Melody
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a second melody layered on top of an initial, primary melody
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Scale
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Arranges pitches in a piece from lowest to highest. Syllables or numbers are assigned to tones of a scale
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Interval
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Distance between two pitches
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Octave
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Interval of an eighth ("Do" to "Do")
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Rhythm
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Anything that has to do with time in music
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Beat/Pulse
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The basic unit of rhythm. Divides time into equal segments
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Accent
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Emphasis on a beat
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Meter
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A regularly recurring pattern of accented and unaccented beats
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Measure/Bar
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A full pattern of accented and unaccented beats
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Downbeat
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The first beat of a measure
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Metrical Patterns
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Duple: 2 beats per measure
Triple: 3 beats per measure Common: 4 beats per measure |
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Non-Metric
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A meter in which there's no regularly repeating pattern of accents
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Syncopation
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A rhythmic pattern with accents off of the beat
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Additive Meter
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A regularly recurring, irregular metrical pattern
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Polyrhythm
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Two or more rhythmic patterns layered on top of each other
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Harmony
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Musical space, depth, or dimension. Describes simultaneous events in music
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Chord
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Two or more tones sounded at the same time
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Triad
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Three tone chord. The most common chord type in Western music
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Progression
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Movement from chord to chord
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Function
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Every tone on the scale and every chord on the scale has a relationship to the home tone
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Tonic/Keynote
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First note of a scale. The home tone
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Tonality
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The whole system of tones, chords built on them, and their relationship to the home tone
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Diatonic Scale
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Built on whole steps and half steps
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Major Scale
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The most common scale. Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do. All white notes on a keyboard from C to C
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Minor Scale
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All white notes on a keyboard from A to A. Sounds sad
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Chromatic Scale
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All half steps
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Chromatic Harmony
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Any harmony that uses altered notes (sharps and flats)
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Modulation
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Moving from one tonality to another in the course of a composition
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Dissonant
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A type of harmony that is harsh and unstable
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Consonant
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A type of harmony that is pleasant and stable
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Resolution
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Moving from dissonant harmony to consonant harmony
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Texture
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Element of music about layers in a composition and their relationship
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Monophony
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A single layer of melody alone
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Polyphony
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Two or more melodic layers that are equally important and independent
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Imitation
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Polyphony where melodies imitate each other
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Counterpoint
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Polyphony where melodies are different each other
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Homophony
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Two or more melodic layers where one is more important than the others
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Rigid Imitation
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Canon and round are two examples
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Fugue
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The most excellent and important type of imitation polyphony
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Musical Form
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Structure and design in music
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Repetition
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Self explanatory. A section of music repeats later in the piece
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Contrast
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A new, non-repeating section in a piece
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Variation
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A repeated part with some altered aspects, but is still recognizable to the original
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Theme/Subject (for fugue)
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A melody that serves as the basic building material for a theme
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Motive/Motif
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A very short theme or fraction of a larger theme
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Sequence
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A motif repeated several times at higher and higher pitches (or vice versa)
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Thematic Development
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To exploit and explore all possibilities of a theme
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Movement
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A piece that is complete in itself, but it's designed to be part of a larger composition
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Binary
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Two part form (A-B)
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Ternary
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Three part form (A-B-A)
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Genre
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To categorize by style, function, or performing forces
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Tempo
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The speed of the beat
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Tempo Markings
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(Italian) Set the tempo at beginnings
Allegro - fast Adagio - slow |
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Changing Tempo
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(Italian)
Accelerando - get gradually faster Ritardando - get gradually slower |
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Dynamics
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Loudness and softness of sound
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Dynamic Markings
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(Italian)
Forte - loud Mezzo - medium/middle Piano - soft |
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Changing Dynamics
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(Italian)
Crescendo - start soft, get louder Decrescendo/Diminuendo - start loud, get softer |
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Artist/Conductor
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Always controls tempo and dynamics
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Interpretation
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Shaping the expressive content of music
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