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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In Ancient Greek culture, no supreme good or evil. Apollo vs. ______
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Dionysus
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"Iliad" is a poem about
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Ilium (Troy)
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subject/theme of Iliad
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consequences of choices, Achilles and his anger
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Epithets
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"added" descripted word attached to someone's name ("swift-footed Achilles). chosen for number of syllables
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Homer, the Iliad, Epithets, development of philosophy and the first real alphabet, myths belong to what era?
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Ancient Greece
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the ______ age follows Ancient Greece
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Archaic
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the dates for the Archaic age are
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600-480 BC
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this poetry was originally accompanied by the lyre
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lyric poetry
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Sappho
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first woman with literary record, sensual, fragmented, best writer of day, passionate, love
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lyric poetry is about
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feelings, emotions, thoughts
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the new meter that became known as Sapphic meter was
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"hendacasyllabic line"
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2 groups of pre-socratics
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materialists
dualists |
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materialist
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explain nature in terms of elements
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dualists
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claim two separate universes, our world and a perfect one
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a materialist
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empedocles of acragas
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empedocles of acragas
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4 root elements: earth, air, fire, water
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important people of which era?:
Sappho empedocles of acragas pythagoras heraclitus parmenides of elea protagoras socrates herodotus |
Archaic Age
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metempsychosis
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similar to the Hindu notion of reincarnation
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heraclitus
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can't step in same river twice, world beyond the power of man
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parmenides of elea
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observing things is an illusion, our senses are flawed
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Atomists
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small particles no visible to naked eye
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protagoras
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"man as the measure of all things"
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socrates
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one of greatest Greek philosophers
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Socratic method
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asking questions in teaching
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herodotus
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first historian, wrote about persian wars
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persian wars
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greek states unite to fight persia
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herodotus noted for 4 things
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reliabilitiy of sources
unbiased good story teller personality instead of political |
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hubris
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excessive ambition
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after Archaic Age came _______
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Classical Greece
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dates for Classical Greece
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480-404 BC
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Greek drama grew out of what two things?
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religion, festivals to Dionysus
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these were part of what age?:
lyric poetry sappho materialists/dualists/atomists empedocles pythagoras heraclitus parmenides protagoras socrates herodotus |
Archaic Age
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Aeschylus
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discussed human weakness and the dangers of power
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Euripides
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skeptical towards the gods, role of women
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sophocles
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discussed the choice between right and wrong was never easy, cannot avoid destiny
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dramatic irony
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audience has better grasp of situation than the characters
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who left what we know about socrates?
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plato
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3 contributions of plato
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1. reported teachings of socrates
2. founded 1st permanent institution (Academy) 3. theories of the ideal |
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platoes theories of the ideal
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radical suggestions for ideal society meant to tackle problems of society
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aristotle was who's pupil?
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plato
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Who establishes the Lyceum as a rival to the Academy?
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Aristotle
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Who was a systematizer and organizer?
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Aristotle
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who didn't believe in the theory of ideal forms?
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aristotle
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aristotle rejected which of the following?
duelism atomism materialism |
duelism
atomism |
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These are from which era?:
greek drama, aeschylus, euripidis sophocles, dramatic irony,plato, aristotle |
classical greece
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archaic greek visual art includes
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protogeometric pots, black figure, korre, kouros, archaic smile, relief sculpture, "kritios boy"
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sgraffitti means
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scratched into
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the goal of the art of this age is not to look lifelike but to have pattern and domination of surface
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archaic
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korre
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clothed, female, straight stance
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kuros
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nude, male, one foot forward, unnatural proportions
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kritios boy
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more natural stance, turning point
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classical greek visual art includes
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red figure, more natural/proportioned sculpture, still no expression, first female nude
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hellenistic visual art
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proportions, expression, exaggerated movement, assymmetric, little balance
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this era follows classical greece
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ancient rome
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this era follows ancient rome
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byzantine era
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the byzantine era brings a shift in the power of the church to two centers. they are:
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byzantium (istanbol/constantinople)
ravenna (italy) |
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this byzantine church combines a rectangular floor plan with a dome, allowing for windows
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hagia sophia
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the beardless Christ represents Christ when he is
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not subject to time, in role as God, immortal
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st augustine was a littler earlier than this era
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byzantine
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sysemetized christian theology
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st augustine
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preached original sin and predestination
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st augustine
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thought we should flee to convents and monasteries
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st augustine
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wrote "city of God" written by whom and about what?
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st augustine, Rome. uses past to project future. presents ideal city of order
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"confessions" was written by whom?
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st augustine
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st augustine says "confess" has 3 meanings
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1. confess sin
2. confess faith 3. confession as act of worship |
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plainchant
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monophonic, liturgical, formulaic
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roman liturgy included a daily and a weekly part. what are they?
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1. offices (daily)
2. mass (weekly) |
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these make up what?
matins lauds prime, terce, sext,nones vespers compline |
offices in roman liturgy
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"ordinary" and "proper" make up what?
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the weekly mass
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mass ordinary changes how often?
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it's the same every mass
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mass proper changes depending on what?
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the calendar
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these are the 5 movements of what?
1. kyrie (greek) 2. gloria 3. credo 4. sanctus 5. agnus dei |
mass ordinary
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antiphonale
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collection of music for offices (after the 11th century)
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graduale
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collection of music for mass
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the collection of music for the offices and the mass are
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antiphonale and graduale
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the roman liturgy was oral in this time period
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6-11 centuries
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the roman liturgy was written after this century
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11th
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guido
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italian monk that named the notes of the scale
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Charlemagne wanted to do two things related to religion:
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1. spread Christianity
2. standardize the church |
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Charlegmange gained this title and was equal to the Pop in spiritual affairs
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Holy Roman Emperor
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what was Charlemange's impact with preserving history?
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had history written down
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Charlemagne began grammer in his native language:
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Frankish
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Alcuin of York, English scholar brought in by Charlemagne, included these 2 things in his syllabus
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1. Trivium - grammar, dialectic, rederick
2. Quadrivium |
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who was known as the "father of Europe"?
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Charlemagne
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Charlemagne used these as centers of education
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monasteries
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Rule of st. benedict
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reasonable
did not require solitude |
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the three features of the rule of st. benedict
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1. poverty
2. stability 3. chastity |
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the three vows of the rule of st. benedict
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1. obedience
2. fidelity 3. stability |
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rule of st. anthony
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vow of solitude
no vow of poverty |
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monodic means
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one line of music at a time
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early medieval art mostly includes
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ivory book covers, latin cross with semi circle apse, tympanum, more Mary
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charlemagne lived in the ______ time period
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medieval
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medieval art had a strong _____ influence
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roman
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a psalter is
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a collection of psalms
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the most important person was the biggest in this type of medieval art
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ivory book covers
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in the medieval era books were written in this type of lettering until carolinian miniscule appeared
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roman capitals
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cover panels for psalters tended to
a. be spacious b. be crowded |
crammed a lot of people into a small space
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tympanum
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semi circle space above a doorway
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Christ's typical pose in medieval art was
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knees to one side and arms out
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mary became really important to the church in these centuries
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11th and 12th
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the most important medieval literature author was
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Hildegard von Bingen
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Hildegard von Bingen
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musician, potitical figure, modern symbol of feminism, visionary
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medieval drama included these two types
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liturgical dramas
morality plays |
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liturgical dramas
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little plays performed in church
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morality plays
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strong Christian theme performed in secular setting
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Song of Roland
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chivalry, code of expected behavior
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parallel laisses
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showing same scene from multiple viewpoints, slows pace of action
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gothic architecture took place in these two centuries
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13th and 14th
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the term "gothic" developed in the ____________ and had a _______ conotation at first
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Renaissance, negative
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this era follows the gothic era
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renaissance
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abbey church of st. denis
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first example of gothic architecture, church where charlemagne and father consecrated by the pope
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abbot sugea
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designed and wrote about abbey church of saint denis, wanted church to be central church in france, lots of windows, cross vault
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the aim in gothic architecture was for
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height
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flying buttresses belong to which era
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gothic
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what gave stability to a gothic roof
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spires
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what 3 features helped add height to gothic buildings?
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1. cross vaulting
2. flying buttresses 3. spires |
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la sainte chapelle
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built to house relics from the crusades, 3/4 of walls are glass
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known for red and blue stain glass
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notre dame de belle verriere
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purpose of gargoyles and grotesques
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down spout, get water away from building
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whose sketchbook discovery, 33 pages of illustrations, initiated a gothic revival?
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villard de honnecourt
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where was the center of the gothic era?
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france
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hildegard von bingen lived in which century?
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12th
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what type of music did hildegard von bingen influence?
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composed plainchant
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in which type of chant does the music not illustrate the text
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gregorian
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in which type of chant do the music and text match the mood?
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hilegard's
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polyphony grew out of
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improvisation
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first evidence of polyphony was in this century
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9th
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organum
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adding polyphony to chant
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tenor literally means
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"to hold" or one holding onto original chant
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"Magnus liber organi" becomes an important source for
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early renaissance polyphony
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conductus
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3 voice polyphony, not chant based, each line individually composed, same rhythm
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secular medieval music includes
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troubador and trouvere and motet
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type of music that was created by finding melodies to match poems
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troubador and trouvere
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difference between troubador and trouvere is
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language
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troubador and trouvere music as a strong influence from where
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africa and mediterranean
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main themes of troubador and trouvere sons
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politics, love
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chant notation notated ______ but not _____
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pitches, rhythm
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Adam de la Halle, the last trouvere in Paris, wrote
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"Robin M'aime"
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the three formes fixes are
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rondeau, ballade, virelai
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a polytextual, polylingual, tenor purely functional, tenor line comes from Magnus liber organi type of music
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motet
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traveling monk, preached to birds and animals, believed in humanity of Christ
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st francis of assisi
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stigmata
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bodily marks, sores, or sensations of pain in locations corresponding to the crucifixion wounds of Jesus
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one of first poets in italian language
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st francis of assisi
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believed we should pray in italian
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st francis of assisi
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treads a middle path between fideism and rationalism, leading figure of day, hierarchical and synthetic way of thinking
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thomas aquinas
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states thesis and antithesis and creates synthesis, find real truth through many viewpoints, dialectic method of reasoning
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thomas aquinas
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the "divine comedy" (comedy b/c happy ending) written by
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dante alighieri
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opera comique
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dialog is spoken, a lot of 3's or multiples, not necessarily funny or happy
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contrapasso
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punishment fitting crime
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