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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is ostinato?
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a musical figure, motive, melody, harmony, or rhythm that is repeated over and over again :
italian for obstainate |
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what is basso ostinato?
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a motive or phrase in the bass that is repeated again and again
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what is ground bass?
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the english term for basso ostinato - a motive or phrase in the bass that is repeated again and again
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what is a viola da gamba (bass viol)?
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the lowest member of the viol family, a large six or seven stringed instrument played with a bow and heard primarily in the music of the late renaissance and baroque eras
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what is Dido's lament and what is it an example of?
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lament because of a broken heart, betrayed by aneas -- example of ostinato bass
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what is canon - give an example
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a form in which the individual voices enter and each in turn duplicates exactly the melody that the first voice played or sang - row row row your boat
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what is a fugue
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a composition of three, four, or five voices sung or played; begins with subject which is imitated in each part and continues with modulating passages of free counterpoint and additional appearances of the subject
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what is a subject?
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the term for the principle theme in a fugue
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what is an episode?
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a passage of free non-imitative counterpoint in a fugue
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what is a fugato
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a short fugue set in some other musical form, such as sonata-allegro
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what are the two meanings of "exposition?"
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1. fugue: the opening section in which each voice introduces the subject
2. sonata-allegro: the principal section in which all thematic material is presented |
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what is invertible counterpoint?
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counterpoint with two themes that can reverse position, with the top theme moving to the bottom, and the bottom to the top
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who is Henry Purcell
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Wrote the first english opera - Dido and Aneas - 1689 - used ostinato bass - one of the most famous english composers
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what is Pachebel's Canon?
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famous canon
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what is a melodic sequence?
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the repetition of a musical motive at successively higher or lower degrees of the scale
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what is modulation?
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changing of a key
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what is a relative major/relative minor?
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the minor key in a pair of major and minor keys which have the same key signature (Eb and Cm)
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what is the pattern of ternary form?
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ABA,
theme, contrast, variation |
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what is a trio (of minuet and trio)?
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the most common form of ternary form (minuet and trio) - it's the B section of ternary ABA, each of the ABA sections can be divided into further sections
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what is a schertzo?
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a rapid, jovial work in triple meter often used in place of the minuet as the third movement in a string quartet or symphony
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what are the london symphonies?
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the 12 last symphonies composed by joseph haydn for performance in london
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What is the "Eroica" Symphony
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Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 (1803), originally dedicated to Napoleon but published as the heroic symphony
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What is a bridge ?
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in sonaga-allegro form, the unstable section in which the tonality changes from tonic to dominant in preparation for the appearance of the second theme
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what is the retransition?
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at the end of the development section, where the tonality becomes stabilized on the dominant in preparation for the return of the tonic (first theme) at the beginning of the recapitulation
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what is augmentation?
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the notes of a melody held for longer than their normal duration
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who was Johann Pachelbel?
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german composer c 1690 - most famous for Pachelbel's canon
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what is an inversion?
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the process of inverting the musical intervals in a theme or melody
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What was The Emperor's Hymn
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A melody composed by Haydn in response to the military and political events of his day. Incorporated into the Emperor Quartet
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What is a picardy third?
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a major third in the final tonic chord of a minor-key passage, a device mostly used in Baroque, although occasionally in Classical music,
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What is a pedal point?
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A tone sustained below while harmonies change
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what is walking bass?
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a bass line that moves at a moderate pace, mostly in equal note values, and often in stepwise motion
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what is a rondo
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an ancient form in which the refrain alternates with contrasting material
ABABA, ABACABA ABCADA, |
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what is a ritornello?
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a short musical passage in a baroque concerto grosso invariable played by the tutti
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what is a concerto?
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musical composition with a soloist and an orchestra
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what is concerto grosso?
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when a small group of soloists works together to play against the full orchestra, the subgroup being the concertino and the full group being the tutti
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what is a cadence?
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the concluding part of a musical phrase
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Eine klein Nachtmusik
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Mozart's a little night music - first movement is sonata allegro
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what are double stops?
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a technique with stringed instruments where two strings are pressed down and played simultaneously
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what is a diminished triad?
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a triad made up entirely of minor thirds
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What is the Russian Easter Overture
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a piece composed by Rimsky -Korsakov which utilizes sonata-allegro form: an example of the late romantic msic in the Russian style
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What is Corelli's La Folia
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written in 1700, his version of one of the oldest European musical themes, set of theme and variations built upon an 8 bar harmony
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what is the difference between form and genre?
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a musical form is the blueprint used to create a specific type of music. ex- sonata, the structural constraints.
genre is usually used to describe different types of music, classical, rock, jazz, not the structural formulation of the music. |
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Identify several characteristics of the music of Beethoven.
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tender but powerful, controlled, sometimes exploding with violence, feeling of struggle and victory, inspirational
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What is the difference between canon and fugue?
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in a fugue, an entire musical theme is stated (or mostly stated) before the next one starts in. In a canon, the first one just gets going when the next one starts. Rounds (like 'Row, row, row your boat') are special canons called perpetual canons.
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What is the form of Purcell's "When I am laid in earth" from Dido and Aeneas?
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ostinato
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What is the form of Vivaldi's "The Spring Concerto" from The Seasons?
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Rondo
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What is the form of Bach's Organ fugue in G minor?
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fugue
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What is the form of Handel's Minuet and Trio from Water music
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Ternary form
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What is the form of Mouret's Rondeau from Suite de symphonies
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rondo
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What is the form of Mozart's Symphony no 40 in G minor?
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sonata allegro
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What is the form of Mozart's A little night music?
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sonata-allegro
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What is the form of Mozart's Horn Concerto in Eb major third movement
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rondo
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What is the form of Haydn's Symphony No. 94 2nd movement
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theme and variations
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What is the form of Haydn's String quartet "the emperor quartet"
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theme and variations
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What is the form of Beethoven's symphony No 5?
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sonata allegro
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