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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where was beethoven born? |
Bonn
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Which composer spanned the boundary from classical to romantic? |
Beethoven |
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What 3 advances did Beethoven contribute to the classical genre? |
1. Enlarged orchestra 2. Changed musical structures 3. Added chorus to symphony |
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Which two composers from the classical/romantic era studies together briefly? |
Beethoven and Haydn |
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Beethoven's patron was who? |
Prince Lichnowsky |
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Beethoven's middle period was also known as what? |
His heroic period |
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What major event happened to beethoven in his middle period? |
Discovered he was going deaf |
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In what period did beethoven write Ode to Joy? |
Late period |
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Which composer's music is the most frequently heard and played? |
Beethoven |
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What does "scherzo" mean? |
Joke |
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What was Beethoven's most famous symphony? |
5th (short short short LONG) |
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Which composer started the trend of telling narratives with instrumental works? |
Beethoven |
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Writers Goethe and Schiller influenced composers in which period? |
Romantic |
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In what period were the tuba and saxophone invented? |
Romantic |
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What is program music? |
Tells story/represents something |
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What is absolute music? |
Music doesn't represent anything |
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What is a song cycle? |
songs share a theme or create a narrative |
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Romantic music was interested in what 3 things? |
1. Personal thoughts 2. Supernatural 3. Middle ages |
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Romanticism was driven by what two movements? |
1. Nationalism 2. Colonialism |
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Virtuoso playing focuses on what? |
The individual |
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Why was Mendelssohn baptized? |
To protect him and his sister from anti-jewish sentiment |
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Who was Mendelssohn's closest friend? |
His sister Fanny |
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Mendelssohn's music differed in what two ways from other Romantic composers? |
1. Lighter 2. Smaller scale |
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Mendelssohn composed which 3 types of music? |
Orchestral, choral, piano |
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What was her brother's and father's reaction to Fanny Mendelssohn composing music? |
They disapproved |
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What are Lieder? |
Art songs; solo songs for voice, piano |
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What 4 types of music did Fanny Mendelssohn compose? |
1. Lieder 2. Cantatas 3. Chamber music 4. Piano |
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What was Chopin's background? |
French/polish |
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What does 'rubato' mean? |
player keeps tempo in accompaniment; melody slows down before catching up |
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Who's music was described as "poetry for the piano"? |
Chopin |
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What were Chopin's piano pieces based off of? |
Polish dances |
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What stopped Schumann from continuing to play the piano? |
He injured his hand overpracticing |
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Where did Schumann die? |
In a mental institution |
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Schumann wrote what sort of music? |
Character pieces grouped into cycles for the piano |
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What was Clara Schumann known for? |
Famous concert pianist |
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What sort of music did Clara Schumann write? |
Piano songs, chamber music |
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What did Clara Schumann do after Franz' death? |
Wrote no more music |
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What are 3 Romantic era advancements? |
1. Piano went from 5 to 7 octaves 2. Most audiences were middle class 3. Composers were middle class |
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Where was Berlioz from? |
France |
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What period was Berlioz associated with? |
Romanic |
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What 3 events greatly affected Berlioz? |
1. Hearing Beethoven 2. Shakespeare's plays 3. Reading Groeth's 'Faust' |
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How was Berlioz' music received by the French? |
Spurned for being too emotional, demanding, unconventional |
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Berlioz abandoned medical school to do what? |
Study at the Paris conservatory of Music |
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What is a Mazurka? |
Triple meter Polish dance |
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What is a piano miniature? |
Short song for solo piano |
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What is a prelude? |
Short piece |
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What is an etude? |
Short, difficult piece to practice a musical skill |
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What is a nocturne? |
Piece inspired by the night |
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What is an impromptu? |
Solo that sounds improvisational |
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What is a polonaise? |
Short, stately polish dance |
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What was the centre of Italian opera? |
Milan |
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What was the famous italian opera house? |
La scala |
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Why did Verdi decide not to compose any more? |
His children and wife died |
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What opera libretto inspired Verdi to compose again? |
Nabucco |
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What was "Aida" commissioned for? |
To celebrate the opening of the Suez canal |
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Which composer was named an honorary member of parliament in Italy? |
Verdi |
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When Verdi died, what happened? |
National day of mourning |
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List 4 differences between Grand Opera and Comic opera |
1. Grand opera has spectacular staging 2. Grand opera has lofty subject; comic opera has down-to-earth plot 3. Grand opera has choruses, arias, recitatives; comic opera has simpler music style 4. Grand opera has no spoken dialogue; comic opera has some |
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What is a Lyric opera? |
Between a grand and comic oera |
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What is the typical subject of a Lyric opera? |
Tragic love |
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Grand opera, comic opera, and lyric opera are examples of what country's opera? |
France |
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Othello is an example of what type of opera? |
Tragic opera |
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Who wrote Othello (music)? |
Mostly Verdi |
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Who was the most famous German opera composer? |
Wagner |
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After the Napoleonic wars and the rise of Nationalism, what language were operas written in? |
Native |
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Hitler/Nazis appropriated who's music? |
Wagner |
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Why did Wagner flee to Zurich? |
A failed coup against the monarchy |
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The Ring of the Nibelungs is an example of what genre? |
Musical Drama |
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How are Leitmotivs different from idee fixe? |
Idée fixe only refers to people, not objects |
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What was the Ring of the Nibelungs based on? |
Medieval german legend |
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Who funded the Ring cycle? |
King Ludvig of Bavaria |
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What does arioso mean? |
1/2 aria, 1/2 leitmotiv |
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Where was the Ring of the nibelungs performed? |
At the new opera house for musical dramas in Bayreuth |
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How did Puccini get his big break? |
While he was performing at a private party |
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What does "verisimo" operas mean? |
realist operas |
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How did Puccini express exotic locations? |
Unusual scales |
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What were the 3 most important types of works in the mid-romantic era? |
1. Solo piano 2. Symphonic programme music 3. Opera |
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Symphonic program music can be subdivided into what two categories? |
1. Programmatic symphony 2. Symphonic poem |
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What is a programmatic symphony? |
Each movement depicts episode of narrative |
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Where was Liszt from? |
Hungary |
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What is a symphonic poem? |
Single-movement, programmatic work for symphony |
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What did Beethoven do when he heard Liszt play? |
Kissed him |
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Who were the two most avant-garde composers of the Mid-romantic era? |
Wagner and Liszt |
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Who were the 4 most important composers of the mid-romantic era? |
1. Verdi 2. Wagner 3. Liszt 3. Tchaikovsky |
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Long, thin fingers meant what for Lizst's piano playing? |
He could play tenths easily |
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Who composed for Hamlet? |
Liszt |
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What characterized hungarian rhapsodies? |
Nationalist music
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Was Thaikovsky a nationalist? |
No |
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Where did Tchaikovsky work? |
Professor at music conservatory in Moscow |
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Tchaikovsky turns to music at 14 because why? |
His mother died |
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Who's melodies became part of movie soundtracks? |
Tchaikovsky |
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Madame von meck became Tchaikovsky's patron on what condition? |
They never met |
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Tchaikovsky composed what two famous works? |
1. Swan lake 2. Sleeping beauty |
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What happened why Tchaikovsky was 37? |
Married, ran away, attempted suicide, nervous breakdown |
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Modest Mussorsky was an example of what? |
Nationalist composer |