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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the musculoskeletal system consist of? |
- Muscles - Bones - Tendons - Joints - Ligaments |
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What do tendons attach? |
Muscle to bone |
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What do ligaments attach? |
Bone to bone |
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Functions of the musculoskeletal system? |
- Protection - Support - Movement - Red blood cell production (Bone marrow) - Mineral storage (Calcium)
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Hydrostatic skeleton features: |
- Muscles that surround fluid filled cavities - Circular muscles that squeeze the body - Provides locomotion |
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Hydrostatic skeleton example? |
Earthworms |
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Exoskeleton features: |
- Muscles attach to the exoskeleton - Creates felixible joints - Provides external protection |
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Exoskeleton example? |
Arthropods |
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Endoskeleton features: |
- Made up of cartilage or bone - Provides structure and framework - Provides internal protection |
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Endoskeleton example? |
Vertebrates |
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Endoskeleton disadvantage: |
- No external protection |
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Endoskeleton advantage: |
- Grows with body |
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Exoskeleton disadvantages: |
- Need to moult = vulnerable - Heavy |
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Exoskeleton advantage: |
- External protection |
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Three types of muscles: |
- Skeletal - Cardiac - Smooth |
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Skeletal muscle features: |
- Muscles attached to bone - Striated = arrangement of fibres that contain myoglobin
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Cardiac muscle features: |
- Surrounds the heart - Influenced by nerves + hormones - Intercalated discs
- Left side = pumps blood around the full body - Right side = pumps blood to the lungs
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Smooth muscle features: |
- Found within the lining of organs (intestines e.g.) - Contractile fibres - Lack of striations = constricts veins when blood pressure drops suddenly |
