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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Ossification |
The formation of bone from fibrous tissue |
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Cortical bone |
Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bones |
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Cancellous (spongy) bone |
Lighter, less strong bone found in the ends and inner portions of long bone. |
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Pneumatic bones |
Contain air spaces called sinuses that are in contact with the atmosphere |
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Short bones |
Cube shaped, located in complex joints (carpus and tarsus) |
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Flat bone |
Plate bone, protect vital organs, longer and wider than they are thick (scapula, rib, skull) |
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Irregular bones |
Complex shaped, protection and support of CNS (central nervous system) (vertebrae) |
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Sesamoid |
Small, seed shaped bone (patella) |
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Long bones |
Bone is longer than it is wide, support columns (femur, tibia, humorous) |
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Cartilage |
A form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone |
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Articular cartilage |
A type of cartilage that covers the joint surfaces of bone |
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Meniscus |
A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints |
Provides additional cushioning |
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Joints |
Connections between bones (aka articulations) |
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Synarthroses |
Immovable joint (skull) |
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Ampiarthroses |
Slightly moveable joints (vertebrae) |
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Diarthroses |
Freely moveable joints (shoulder and hip) |
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Synovial |
Completely freely moveable joints (tail) |
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Ligaments |
Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect one bone to another |
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Tendons |
Bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscle to bone |
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Axial skeleton |
Protects major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems |
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Appendicular skeleton |
Framework that consists of the extremities, shoulder, and pelvic girdle |
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Cranium |
Portion of skull that encloses the brain. Many plates of bone fused together. |
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Fontanel |
Soft spot on the top of the head |
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Vertebral column |
Supports head and body and provides protection for the spinal cord |
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Cervical vertebrae |
Region of neck. |
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Atlas |
C1, first vertebrae, lets you nod yes |
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Axis |
C2, second vertebrae, lets you shake your head no |
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Thoracic vertebrae |
Vertebrae of the body region, always have a rib attached and spine on top |
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True ribs |
Directly attach to sternum with cartilage |
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False ribs |
Connect to each other with cartilage, not sternum |
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Floating ribs |
Have cartilage on the tips but do not attach to anything |
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Lumbar |
Lower back. Carnivores have more (gibes flexibility). Herbivores have shorter strong back to support digestive tract and reproductive organs |
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Sacral vertebrae |
Vertebrae of the pelvic region. Carnivores have less for flexibility. Herbivores have more to add strength and support for back |
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Coccygeal vertebrae |
Vertebrae of the tail region |
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Diaphysis |
Body of a long bone |
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Epiphysis |
Enlarged ends of long bones . Bone growth occurs here |
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Metaphysis |
Joining point of diaphysis and epiphysis. |
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Periosteum |
Thin outer protective layer of bone |
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Medullary cavity |
Space within bone filled with marrow |
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Endosteum |
The inner protective layer lining the medullary cavity |
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Simple fracture |
Bone does not break skin |
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Compound fracture |
Bone breaks through skin |
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Complete fracture |
Fracture goes completely across bone |
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Incomplete fracture |
Fracture does not go completely across bone |
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Fissure fracture |
Incomplete break, along the line of the axis bone (top to bottom) |
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Greenstick fracture |
Incomplete break on one side of a bone, usually die to a bending force |
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Transverse fracture |
Break across the bone |
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Comminuted fracture |
Bone shatters |
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Osteoblasts |
Cells that form bones |
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Osteocytes |
Primary cells of mature bones |
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Osteoclasts |
Destructive cells that dissolve bone when needed. |
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Endochondral ossification |
Cartilage is replaced by bone tissue (inside bone) |
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Primary growth |
Occurs on diaphysis |
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Secondary growth |
Occurs on epiphysis |
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