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574 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of Muscular Tissue |
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth |
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Most skeletal muscle tissue move?
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Bone
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With skeletal muscle tissue it has alternating light & dark bands when examined with a microscope?
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Striated
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Is skeletal muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?
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Voluntary (consciously controlled)
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Cardiac muscle tissue is located where?
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Heart
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Cardiac muscle tissue has alternating light & dark bands when examined with a microscope?
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Striated
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Is cardiac muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?
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Involuntary (not consciously controlled)
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With cardiac muscle tissue,self-excitable by "pacemaker" is called?
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Auto- Rhythmic;
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Smooth muscle tissue are located in walls of _____structures, like blood vessles, airways, and many _____? |
-Hollow -Organs |
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Are smooth muscle tissue striated or non-striated?
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Non-Striated
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Are smooth muscle tissue voluntary or involuntary?
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Involuntary
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What are the muscle tissue functions?
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– Produces Body Movements
– Stabilizes Body Positions (posture) – Move Substances within Body (heart pumps blood) – Generates Heat (shivering increases heat production) |
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4 muscle tissue properties? |
– Contractility – Extensibility – Elasticity |
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Ability to respond to stimuli?
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Electrical Excitability
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Ability to contract forcefully when stimulated?
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Contractility
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Ability to stretch without being damaged?
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Extensibility
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Ability to return to their original length?
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Elasticity
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What are the connective tissue components? |
– Fascia – Tendon – Aponeurosis |
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Sheet of connective tissue that surrounds muscles?
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Fascia
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What are the 3 layers that extend from fascia? |
– Epimysium – Perimysium – Endomysium |
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Which fascia layer is the outermost layer that encircles the entire muscle?
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Epimysium
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Which fascia layer is the middle layer and surrounds bundles (fascicles) of muscle fibers?
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Perimysium
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Which fascia layer is the innermost layer that separates individual muscle fibers?
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Endomysium
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Which connective tissue component attaches muscle to bone?
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Tendon
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Which connective tissue component is a flat sheet-like tendon?
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Aponeurosis
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Skeletal muscles are well supplied with_____&_____ _____? |
– Nerves – Blood Vessels |
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With skeletal muscle tissue, when you have a muscle contraction it requires large amounts of _____&_____? |
– ATP – Nutrients |
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With nerve and blood supply in skeletal muscle tissue each muscle fiber is in close contact with a neuron known as the_____ _____?
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Neuromuscular Junction
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With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue, a muscle fiber (cell) is known as a?
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Myofiber
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With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue, a myofibrillar consist of many smaller muscle fibers known as?
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Myofibrils
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With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue, Myofibrils consist of the smallest muscle fibers known as?
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Myofilaments (thick& thin)
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With microscopic anatomy and skeletal muscle tissue these are the plasma membrane and cytoplasm of muscle cell?
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Sarcolemma & Sarcoplasm
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With microscopic anatomy in skeletal muscle tissue this stores calcium for muscle contraction?
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is functional units of striated muscle (cardiac and skeletal) alternating light and dark areas formed by patterns of myrofilaments?
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Sarcomeres
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With myrofibril and myrofilaments this separate sarcomeres and forms boundaries?
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Z Disc
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With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is the darker middle area of sarcomere and thick and thin filaments overlap?
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A Band
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With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is the lighter area that contains only thin filaments and where Z discs passed through the center?
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I Band
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With myrofibril and myrofilaments this is the center of each A band and contains only thick filaments?
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H Zone
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With contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles, the sliding filament mechanism has myosin heads of_____filaments that attach to and pull on actin myosin binding sites of_____filaments? |
– Thick – Thin |
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With contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles, the sliding filament mechanism is where Z discs come closer together causing_____filaments to_____over thick filaments toward center of sarcomere? |
– Thin – Slide |
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With contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles, the sliding filament mechanism leads to_____of the entire muscle?
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Shortening
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Name the 4 parts of the thick and thin myofilaments? |
– Thick Myofilaments – Thin Myofilaments – Contractile Proteins – Regulatory Proteins |
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With thick and thin myofilaments this is composed of many myosin molecules?
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Thick Myofilaments
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With thick and thin myofilaments this is composed of actin, troponin, and tropomyosin?
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Thin Myofilaments
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With thick and thin myofilaments this is myosin (pulls) & actin (pulled)?
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Contractile Proteins
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With thick and thin myofilaments this is troponin in tropomyosin?
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Regulatory Proteins
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With muscular hypertrophy and atrophy, an enlargement of existing muscle fibers is where muscle growth occurs by?
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Hypertrophy
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With muscular hypertrophy and atrophy, this is a wasting away of muscles, disuse and denervation?
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Atrophy
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With muscular hypertrophy and atrophy, this is a group of inherited muscle destroying diseases?
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Muscular Dystrophy
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Muscular dystrophy is a sex linked trait and is most common in?
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Males
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The point of communication (synapse) between neurons and muscle fiber?
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Neuromuscular Junction
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With neuromuscular junction this is communication between a neuron and an effector (muscle fiber or another neuron)?
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Synapse
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With neuromuscular junction this is a gap between cells?
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Synaptic Cleft
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With neuromuscular junction this is where chemicals are released and relays the message to effector?
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Neurotransmitters
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With neuromuscular junction this has sacs containing neurotransmitters?
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Synaptic Vesicles
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With neuromuscular junctions this is the region of sarcolelemma that contains neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) receptors?
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Motor End Plate
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With neuromuscular junction, nerve impulses produce muscle action potentials by? |
– Releasing Acetylchlorine (neurotransmitter) – Activates ACh Receptors – Produces a Muscle Action Potential (MAP) – Termination of ACh Activity |
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Which muscle action potential is where nerve impulses trigger synaptic vesicles to release ACh into synaptic cleft?
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Releasing Acetylchlorine
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Which muscle action potential is binding of ACh 2 receptor on motor end plate and opens sodium ion channels (Na+ flows inside of muscle cell)?
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Activates ACh Receptors
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Which muscle action potential is where inflow of Na+ makes the inside of muscle fiber more positively charged, triggering a muscle action potential?
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Produces a Muscle Action Potential (MAP)
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Map travels to_____releasing stored Ca2+?
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SR
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Which muscle action potential is where ACh effects last briefly and is rapidly broken down by enzyme?
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Termination of ACh Activity
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Nerve impulses trigger Ca++ release from SR into_____?
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Sarcoplasm
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Increased Ca++ levels in sarcoplasm_____contraction?
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Starts
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Ca++ binds to_____on thin filaments, exposing actin myosin_____ _____allowing cross bridges to form? |
– Troponin – Binding Sites |
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SR contains Ca++_____that return Ca++ back to SR decreasing_____levels in sarcoplasm? |
– Pumps – Calcium |
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As Ca++ levels in sarcoplasm_____, myosin binding sites are covered and muscle relaxes?
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Decrease
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Contraction cycle consists of 4 steps? |
– ATP Hydrolysis (breakdown) – Formation of Cross Bridges – Power Stroke (contraction) – Detachment of Myosin from Actin |
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Which step of the contraction cycle is where breakdown of ATP energizes myosin head?
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ATP Hydrolysis (breakdown)
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Which step of the contraction cycle is where myosin head attaches to actin myosin binding sites?
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Formation of Cross Bridges
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Which step of the contraction cycle is where myosin cross bridges pull actin, sliding thin myofilaments toward center of sarcomere?
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Power Stroke (contraction)
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Which step of the contraction cycle is where ATP binds to myosin head, detaching myosin head from actin?
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Detachment of Myosin from Actin
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With the detachment of myosin from actin, the contraction cycle repeats as long as_____is available and Ca2+ levels are significantly_____? |
– ATP – High |
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With detachment of myosin from actin, repeated cycles_____sarcomere further?
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Shortens
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With production of ATP in muscle fibers, a huge amount of ATP is needed to power the_____ cycle, and pump _____into the SR?
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– Contraction – Ca2+
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The amount of ATP inside muscle fibers powers contraction for only a?
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Few Seconds
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Muscle fibers replenish ATP by 3 methods? |
– Creatine Phosphate – Anaerobic – Aerobic |
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When muscle fibers replenish ATP which method is unique to muscle fibers, and lasts 15 seconds?
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Creatine Phosphate
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When muscle fibers replenish ATP which method is where cellular respiration forms lactic acid (strength training)?
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Anaerobic (without oxygen)
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When muscle fibers replenish ATP which method is where cellular respiration forms the most ATP (endurance training)?
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Aerobic (with oxygen)
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Inability of muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity?
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Muscle Fatigue
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A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be inadequate release of_____ions from SR?
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Calcium
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A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be depletion of_____ _____?
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Creatine Phosphate
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A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be insignificant_____?
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Oxygen
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A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be depletion of_____and other nutrients?
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Glycogen
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A factor that contributes to muscle fatigue would be buildup of_____ _____?
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Lactic Acid
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The_____force of muscle contraction varies?
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Tension
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Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the_____of motor units activated?
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Number
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Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the_____of nerve impulses (stimulation)?
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Frequency
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Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the amount of myofilaments _____ before contraction?
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Overlap
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Maximal tension (force/shortening) depends on the nutrients and _____ availability?
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Oxygen
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A brief contraction (single pull) of all muscle fibers within a motor unit in response one nerve impulse is what?
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Twitch
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A twitch consist of a _____(____), contraction and relaxation period?
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Latent (delay)
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This consist of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates?
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Motor Unit (light switch)
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Precise muscle movements consist of many_____motor units, like vocal cords (1 neuron: _____ muscle fibers) |
– Small – Few |
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Large powerful muscle movements consist of_____motor units, like hamstrings (1 neuron: _____ muscle fibers) |
– Large – Many |
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The total strength (force) of a contraction depends on the_____&_____of motor units activated (turned on)?
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– Size & Number
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A myogram of twitch contraction has 3 periods? |
– Latent Period – Contraction Period – Relaxation Period |
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With a myogram of twitch contraction which period is a brief delay between stimulus and contraction; Ca++ levels increase in sarcoplasm?
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Latent Period
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With a myogram of twitch contraction which period is where cross bridges form "power stroke"?
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Contraction Period
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With a myogram of twitch contraction which period is where Ca++ levels decrease in sarcoplasm covering myosin binding sites; myosin heads detach from actin?
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Relaxation Period
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With frequency of nerve impulses this produces larger contractions when nerve impulses occur one after the other; calcium levels increase in sarcoplasm with each nerve impulse?
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Wave Summation
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With frequency of nerve impulses this results in a wavering contraction when a muscle partially relaxes between nerve impulses such as during fatigue?
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Unfused Tetanus
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With frequency of nerve impulses this results in a sustained (normal) contraction when a muscle does not relax between nerve impulses?
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Fused Tetanus
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With types of skeletal muscle fibers, muscle fibers contract at different speeds and vary how quickly they_____?
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Fatigue
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3 main types of skeletal muscle fibers? |
– Slow Oxidative Fibers – Fast Oxidative – Glycolytic Fibers – Fast Glycolytic Fibers |
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Which type of skeletal muscle fibers is the least powerful type of muscle fiber and generates ATP mainly by aerobic methods?
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Slow Oxidative Fibers (SO fibers)
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Which type of skeletal muscle fibers has the slowest speed of contraction and the highest resistance to fatigue?
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Slow Oxidative Fibers (SO fibers)
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Slow oxidative fibers (SO fibers) are capable of_____, sustained contractions, and is most abundant in_____muscles? |
– Prolonged – Postural |
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Slow oxidative fibers (SO fibers) are adapted for maintaining posture (anatomical position)&_____ –_____activities?
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Endurance – Type
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Which type skeletal muscle fiber generate ATP by aerobic and anaerobic methods, and has intermediate resistance to fatigue?
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Fast Oxidative – Glycolytic Fibers (FOG)
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With fast oxidative – glycolytic fibers (FOG) the speed of contraction is_____, and are most abundant in_____ _____muscles? |
– Faster – Lower Limb |
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Fast oxidative – glycolytic fibers (FOG) contribute to activities such as_____&_____?
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Walking & Sprinting
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Which type of skeletal muscle fiber has the most powerful type of muscle fibers and generate ATP by anaerobic method?
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Fast Glycolytic Fibers (FG fibers)
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Fast glycolytic fibers (FG fibers) contract _____ and have the _____resistance to fatigue? |
-Fastest -Lowest |
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Fast glycolytic fibers (FG fibers) is most abundant in _____ _____ muscles, and is adapted for intense _____ training activities of short duration like _____ _____? |
-Upper Limb-Strength -Weight Lifting |
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With distribution and recruitment of different types of fibers, most muscles are a mixture of_____ _____types of muscle fibers?
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All 3
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With distribution and recruitment of different types of fibers, skeletal muscles of any given_____ _____are all the_____type? |
– Motor Unit – Same |
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With distribution and recruitment of different types of fibers, proportions vary depending on_____action, persons training regiment, and_____factors? |
– Muscle – Genetic |
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2 types of contractions? |
– Isometric Contraction – Isotonic Contraction |
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Tensions generated is not enough for object to be moved and muscle does not change it's length is what type of contraction?
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Isometric Contraction
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Holding a book steady using an outstretched arm is what type of contraction?
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Isometric Contraction
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Isometric contraction_____to isotonic contraction?
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Leads
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Muscle changes length producing movements like picking up a book off the table is what type of contraction?
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Isotonic Contraction
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2 types of isotonic contraction? |
– Concentric Contractions (flexion) – Eccentric Contractions (extension) |
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Muscle spasms are_____contractions of muscles?
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Involuntary
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A cramp is a painful_____contraction?
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Spasmodic
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Muscle spasms_____blood vessels_____blood flow? |
– Shorten – Reducing |
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Massage can_____or_____severity of muscle spasms? |
– Eliminate – Reduce |
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With muscle spasms, massage_____blood flow and resets_____ _____in area? |
– Increases – Muscle Tone |
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With exercise and skeletal muscle tissue ratio of fast glycolytic and slow oxidative fibers are_____determined?
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Genetically
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With exercise and skeletal muscle tissue various types of exercises can_____muscle fibers?
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Transform
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Aerobic exercises transforms some _____ fibers into _____ fibers; endurance training? |
– Fast Glycolytic (FG) – Fast Oxidative Glycolytic (FOG) |
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Anaerobic exercises increase size of _____fibers by hypertrophy; strength training?
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Fast Glycolytic (FG)
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Cardiac muscle tissue has _____ fibers?
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Branched
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With cardiac muscle tissue _____ _____ connects fibers?
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Intercalated Discs
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Cardiac muscle tissue has _____muscle fibers " pacemaker"?
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Autorhythmic
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Smooth muscle tissue is _____ shaped; thickest in middle and tapered ends?
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Spindle
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2 types of smooth muscle tissue? |
– Single Unit (visceral) – Multiunit |
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Smooth muscle tissue regeneration is _____ compared to other muscle tissues?
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Considerable
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With aging and muscular tissue it has progressive loss of skeletal muscle_____?
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Mass
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With aging and muscular tissue it _____ in maximal strength?
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Decreases
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With aging and muscular tissue you have slowing of muscle_____?
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Reflexes
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With aging in muscular tissue you have loss of_____?
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Flexibility
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With aging in muscular tissue the number of _____ _____ fibers increase?
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Slow Oxidative (SO)
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With aging and muscular tissue aerobic activities and strength training can slow _____ in muscular performance?
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Decline
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Increased muscle tone?
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Hypertonia
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Decreased muscle tone?
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Hypotonia
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Pain associated with muscles?
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Myalgia
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Tearing of muscle accompanied by bleeding and severe pain?
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Muscle Strain (pulled muscle)
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Attaches muscles to bones?
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Tendons
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Stationary attachment?
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Origin
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Fleshy portion of muscle?
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Belly
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Main movements? (prime movers.)
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Action
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Action is reversed?
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Reverse Muscle Action
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Rigid structure (bone) that moves at fixed point?
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Lever
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Fixed point; joint
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Fulcrum
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Force (contraction) that causes movement?
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Effort (E)
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Force opposes movement?
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Load (L) or Resistance (R)
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Fascicles spread over broad area?
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Triangular
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Tendons extending nearly entire muscle length?
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Pennate
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One side?
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Unipennate
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Both sides?
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Bipennate
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Group of muscles with common functions?
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Compartment
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Relative to midline; oblique (diagonal), transverse (perpendicular), rectus (parallel)?
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Direction
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Maximus, minimus?
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Size
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Triangular, circular?
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Shape
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Flexor, extensor, supinator?
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Action
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Biceps, triceps, quadriceps?
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Number of Origins
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Which occipitofrontalis draws scalp back, raising eyebrows?
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Occipitalis
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What muscles move the mouth? |
– Orbicularis Oris – Levator Labii Superiors – Buccinator – Mentalis – Platysma |
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Closes lips. "Kissing"?
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Obicularis Oris
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Elevates upper lip. "Elvis"?
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Levator Libii Superioris
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Cheek. "Trumpeters"?
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Buccinator
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Muscles that move orbit and eyebrows are? |
– Orbicularis Oculi. – Corrugator Supercilii |
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Closes like "crows" feet?
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Orbicularis Oculi
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Frowning?
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Corrugator Supercilii
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The 7 extrinsic eye muscles are? |
– Superior Rectus – Interior Rectus – Lateral Rectus – Medial Rectus – Superior Oblique – Inferior Oblique – Levator Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) |
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The medial rectus does what?
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Adducts
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Muscles of mastication innervation is?
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Trigeminal (V)
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Name the anterior neck muscles in deglutition (swallowing)? |
– Digastric – Stylohyoid – Mylohyoid – Geniohyoid |
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Most suprahyoid muscles are named by?
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Origin and Insertion
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what suprahyoid muscles have anterior and posterior bellies?
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Digastric
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Anterior neck muscle?
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Scalenes
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What anterior neck muscle elevates ribs during deep inhalation?
|
Scalenes
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Prevertebral Neck Muscles? |
–Longus Capitis –Longus Colli |
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Where are the longus capitis and longus colli prevertebral neck muscles located?
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Anterior to the Vertebral Column
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The actions of the longus capitis and the longus colli is what? |
– Flexes Neck – Limits Hyperextension |
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Lateral neck muscle?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Divides neck into 2 major triangles; anterior and posterior?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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The sternocleidomastoid rotates head to opposite side?
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Unilaterally
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With whiplash injuries what may damage the trapezius?
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Hyperextension
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With whiplash injuries what may damage SCM and Scalenes?
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Hyperflexion
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What facilitates healing by increasing blood flow?
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Massage
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The platysma's origin is where?
|
Facia over Deltoid and Pectoralis Major Muscles
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What lever class is most common?
|
3rd – Class Lever (FER)
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A example of a circular arrangement?
|
Orbicularis Oculi
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Causes main action?
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Prime Mover/Agonist
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Opposite side; stretches (relaxes)?
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Antagonist
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Assist the prime mover?
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Synergists
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Stabilizes the origin of prime mover?
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Fixators
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Give a example of a muscle that is named by the location of the muscle?
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Temporalis (temporal bone)
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Give a example of a muscle that is named by the location of origin and insertion?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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This wrinkles for head?
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Frontalis
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Innervation for the occipitofrontalis muscles?
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Facial Nerve
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Innervation for the muscles that move the mouth?
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Facial Nerve
|
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Chin " pouting"?
|
Mentalis
|
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What neck muscle depresses (opens) mandible?
|
Platysma
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The origin of the platysma?
|
Deltoid And Pectoralis Major
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What are the extrinsic eye muscles? |
Superior Rectus – elevates– Inferior Rectus – depresses– Lateral Rectus – abducts Medial Rectus – adducts Superior Oblique – depresses/abducts (down and out) Inferior Oblique – elevates/abducts (up and out) Levitate Palpebrae Superioris (LPS) – elevates upper eyelid |
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Innervation for the extrinsic eye muscles?
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All Oculomotor Nerve except lateral rectus and superior oblique
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Innervation for the lateral rectus?
|
Abducens Nerve
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Innervation for the superior oblique?
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Trochlear Nerve
|
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Stabilizes the origin of prime mover?
|
Fixators
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Give an example of a muscle that is named for the location of the muscle?
|
Temporalis (temporal bone)
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Give an example of a muscle that is named for its location of origin and insertion?
|
Sternocleidomastoid
|
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What muscle wrinkles for head?
|
Frontalis
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Innervation for the occipitofrontalis muscles?
|
Facial Nerve
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Innervation for the muscles that move the mouth?
|
Facial Nerve
|
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Chim "pouting"?
|
Mentalis
|
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Neck; depresses (opens) mandible?
|
Platysma
|
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Origin for the platysma?
|
Deltoid and Pectoralis Major
|
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Extrinsic eye muscles? |
– Superior Rectus – Inferior Rectus – Lateral Rectus – Medial Rectus – Superior Oblique – Inferior Oblique – Levator Palpebrae Superioris |
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Innervation for extrinsic eye muscles?
|
All Oculomotor Nerve except Lateral Rectus and Superior Oblique
|
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The superior rectus has what action?
|
Elevates
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The inferior rectus has what action?
|
Depresses
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The superior oblique has what action?
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Depresses/abducts (down and out)
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The inferior oblique has what action?
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Elevates/Abducts (up and out)
|
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The levator palpebrae superioris has what action?
|
Elevates Upper Eyelid
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The muscles of mastication, masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, all do what? |
– All Elevates except Lateral Pterygoid (depresses) – All Protract except Temporalis (retracts) |
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The suprahyoid muscles, digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid do what?
|
All Elevate Hyoid
|
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This anterior neck muscle elevates ribs during inhalation and flex neck and head?
|
Scalenes
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This muscle is one of the largest and most important neck muscles, and flexes neck/head bilaterally?
|
Sternocleidomastoid
|
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Innervation for the sternocleidomastoid?
|
Accessory Nerve
|
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How many individual muscles are there in the body approximately
|
700
|
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Attachment to the movable bone
|
Insertion
|
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3 types of levers ?
|
First ClassSecond ClassThird Class
|
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First class lever
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*Fulcrum in middle* seesaw or scissors
|
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second class lever
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* load is in the middle* wheelbarrow* mechanical advantage
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Third class lever
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* effort is in the middle * tweezers or tongs * most numerous type in body
|
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Types of muscle arrangements |
* parallel * fusiform * circular * triangular * pennate |
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Agonist
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* prime mover* contracts to cause action
|
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Antagonist
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* stretches, yields to the prime mover
|
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Synergists
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* muscles working together
|
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Fixators
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* muscles that act to steady the origin of the prime mover.
|
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Rectus
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parallel to the midline
|
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transverse
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perpendicular to the midline
|
|
oblique
|
diagonal to the midline
|
|
maximus
|
largest
|
|
minimus
|
smallest
|
|
longus
|
long
|
|
brevis
|
short
|
|
latissimus
|
widest
|
|
magnus
|
large
|
|
major
|
larger
|
|
minor
|
smaller
|
|
vastus
|
huge
|
|
deltoid
|
triangle
|
|
trapezius
|
trapazoid
|
|
serrattus
|
saw shaped
|
|
rhomboid
|
diamond shaped
|
|
orbicularis
|
circular
|
|
pectinate
|
comblike
|
|
piriformis
|
pear shaped
|
|
platys
|
flat
|
|
quadratus
|
square, four sided
|
|
gracilis
|
slender
|
|
flexor
|
decreases joint angle
|
|
extensor
|
increases joint angle
|
|
abductor
|
moves bone away from midline
|
|
addductor
|
moves move towards midline
|
|
levator
|
raises bone
|
|
depressor
|
lowers or depresses a body part
|
|
supinator
|
turns palm anteriorly
|
|
pronator
|
turns palm posterior
|
|
sphincter
|
decreases the size of an opening
|
|
tensor
|
makes a body part rigid
|
|
rotator
|
rotates a bone around its longitudinal axis
|
|
Muscles of facial expression |
* Occipitofrontalis (frontalis & occipitalis) * Orbicularis oris * zygomatic major * zygomatic minor * nasalis * levator labil superioris * levator labil inferioris * depressor anguli * levator anguli oris * buccinator * risorius * mentalis * platysma * orbicularis oculi * corrugator supercilli |
|
frontalis |
O: epicranial aponeurosis I: skin superior to the suborbital margin A: raises eyebrows R : draws scalp anteriorly N: cranial nerve VII |
|
occipitalis |
O: occipital bone I: epicranial apneurosis A: draws scalp posterior N: cranial VII |
|
Orbicularis oris |
O: muscle fibers surrounding the opening of mouth I: skin a corner of mouth A: closes and protrudes the lips N: cranial VII |
|
zygomatic major |
O: zygomatic bone I: skin at angle of mouth A: draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally N: Cranial VII |
|
zygomatic minor |
O: zygomatic bone I: upper lip A: exposes teeth N: cranial VII |
|
nasalis |
O: maxilla I: skin over cartliage portion of the nose A: dilates external nares N: cranial nerve VII |
|
levator labil superioris |
O: maxilla I: skin at angle of the mouth and orbicularis oris A: elevates upper lip N: cranial nerve VII |
|
Depressor labil inferioris |
O: mandible I: skin of lower lip A: depresses lower lip N Cranial VII |
|
depressor anguli |
O: mandible I: angle of mouth A: draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly N: cranial VII |
|
levator anguli oris |
O: inferior in the infraorbital foramen I: sin of the lower lip and orbicularis oris A: draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly N: cranial VII |
|
buccinator |
O: alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible I: orbicularis oris A: presses cheeks again teeth, and keeps food in between teeth. N: cranial VII |
|
risorius |
O: fascia over parptoid gland I: skin at angle of mouth A: draws angle of mouth laterally as in grimicing N cranial VII |
|
mentalis |
O: mandible near midline I: skin of interor chin A: elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin up N: cranial VII |
|
platysma |
O: facia over deltoid and pectoralis major I: mandible, muscles around angle of mouth and skin of lower face A: draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting N: cranial VII |
|
orbicularis oculi |
O: medial wall of the orbit I: cicular path around orbit A: closes the eye N: Cranial VII |
|
corrugator supercilli |
O: medial end of supoercillary arch of the frontal bone I: skin of eyebrows A: draw eyebrows inferiorly and medially and wrinkles the skin of the forehead vertically N: cranial VII |
|
muscles of mastication |
temporalis masseter medial pterygold lateral pterygold |
|
temporalis |
O: temporal bone I: coronoid process and ramus of mandible A: elevates and retracts the mandible N: Cranial V (trigeminal) |
|
masseter |
O: maxilla and zygomatic arch I: angle of the ramus of mandible A: elevates mandible N: Cranial V (trigeminal) |
|
medial pterygold |
O: medial surface of the lateral portion of pterygold process I: angle of ramus of mandible A: elevates and protracts(protrudes) mandible and moves mandible from side to side. N: cranial V (trigeminal) |
|
lateral pterygold |
O: sphenoid bone I: condyle of the mandible TMJ A depresses mandible and moves mandible from side to side. N: cranial V (trigeminal) |
|
Muscles the move the eyeball |
superior rectus inferior rectus lateral rectus medial rectus superior onlique inferior onlique lavator palpebrae |
|
superior rectus |
O: common tendinous ring I: superior central eyeball A: moves eye superiorly N: oculomotor nerver III |
|
inferior rectus |
O: common tendinous ring I: inferior and central part of the eyeball A: moves eyeball inferiorly N: oculomotor (III) nerve |
|
lateral rectus |
O: common tendinous ring I: lateral side of the eyeball A: moves eyebal laterally (abduction) N: Adbucens (VI) nerve |
|
medial rectus |
O: common tendinous ring I: medial side of eyeball A: moves eyeball medially N: oculomotor (III) |
|
superior oblique |
O: sphenoid bone I: eyeball between superior and lateral recti A: moves eyeball inferiorly and laterally N Trochlear (IV) |
|
inferior onlique |
O: maxialla in floor of orbit I: eyeball between inferior and lateral recti A: moves eyeball superiorly and laterally N: Oculomotor (III) |
|
lavator palpebrae |
O: roof of orbit I: skin and tarsal plate of upper eyelid A: elevate upper eyelid N: oculomotor (III) |
|
Suprahyoid muscles |
digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid |
|
infrahyoid muscles |
omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid |
|
digastric |
O: mandible/temporal bone I: hyloid A: elvates hyoid R: depresses mandible N: trigeminal / facial nerve |
|
stylohyoid |
O: styloid process of the temporal bone I: hyoid bone A: elevate hyoid and draws it posteriorly N: facial nerve VII |
|
mylohyoid |
O: mandible I: hyoid bone A: elevates hyoid bone R: dresses mandible N: trigeminal nerve |
|
geniohyoid |
O: mandible I: hyoid A: elevates hyoid R: depresses mandible N: C1 |
|
omohyoid |
O: superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament I: hyoid A: depresses hyoid |
|
sternohyoid |
O: medial end of the clavicle and manubrium of sternum I: hyoid A: depresses hyoid |
|
sternothyroid |
O: manubrium of sternum I: thyroid cartilage of larynx A: depresses thyroid cartliage |
|
thyrohyoid |
O: thyroid cartiliage of larynx I: hyoid A: depresses hyoid R: elevates thyroid cartilage |
|
muscles of anterior neck for elevating ribs or flexing neck and head |
anterior scalene middle scalene posterior scalene longus capitas longus colli rectus capitas anterior rectus capitas laterallis |
|
anterior scalene |
O: transverse processes of c3-c6 I: first rib A elevate rib in deep inhalation R: flex cervical vertibrae, slightly rotate N: cerivical spinal nerves. |
|
middle scalene |
O: transverse processes of c2-c7 I: first rib A: Elevate first rib N: cervical spinal nerves. |
|
posterior scalene |
O: transverse processes of c4-c6 I: second rib A: Elevate second rib during deep inhalation N: Cervical spinal nerves |
|
longus capitas |
O: Transverse process c3-c6 I: base of the occiput A: Flexes neck and prevents hyperextension, rotates head to same side. N: cervicle spinal nerves. |
|
longus colli |
O: anterior vertebral surfaces of c3-t3 I: transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae A: Flexes neck limits hyperextension, rotates neck N: cervical spinal nerves |
|
rectus capitas anterior |
O: lateral surface of C1 I: base of occipital bone A: flexion of the AO joint, acting sigular lateral AO flexion N: C1 |
|
rectus capitas laterallis |
O: Transverse process of C1 I: base of occipital bone A: acting together , flexion at AO actiing singular flexion AO joint N: C1 |
|
This accompanies arm movement in the same direction; increases range of motion of arm?
|
Movements of Scapula Muscles
|
|
Shrugging shoulders has what movement on scapula?
|
Elevation (superior movement of scapula)
|
|
Pulling a rope down or doing a pull-up has what movement on the scapula?
|
Depression (inferior movement of scapula)
|
|
Doing push ups or punching (arms forward) has what movement on the scapula?
|
Abduction (protraction) (lateral and anterior movement of scapula)
|
|
Lateral and anterior movement of scapula is what?
|
Abduction (protraction)
|
|
Medial and posterior movement of scapula is what?
|
Adduction
|
|
Pulling arms back in rowing has what movement on the scapula?
|
Adduction (retraction)
|
|
Anterior muscles that move the pectoral girdle are? |
– Subclavius – Pectoralis Minor – Serratus Anterior |
|
Innervation for the pectoralis minor?
|
Pectoral Nerve
|
|
What is the serratus anterior's insertion?
|
Vertebral (medial) Borders of Scapula
|
|
What anterior pectoral girdle muscles protract (abduct) scapula and elevates ribs during forced inhalation? |
– Pectoralis Minor – Serratus Anterior |
|
What are the posterior pectoral girdle muscles? |
– Trapezius – Levator Scapulae – Rhomboid Major – Rhomboid Minor |
|
Most superficial upper back muscle?
|
Trapezius
|
|
The trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids major, and rhomboids minor all originate on the?
|
Axial Skeleton (vertebrae)
|
|
The levator scapulae, rhomboids major and minor all insert on the?
|
Vertebral (medial) Border of Scapula
|
|
All posterior pectoral girdle muscles retract/adducts the scapula except the?
|
Levator Scapulae
|
|
What is upward rotation of the pectoral girdle?
|
Moving inferior Angle of Scapula Laterally
|
|
What is downward rotation of the pectoral girdle?
|
Moving Interior Angle of Scapula Medially
|
|
What are the 7 scapular muscles? |
– Deltoid – Teres Major – Coracobrachialis – Supraspinatus – Infraspinatus – Teres Minor – Subscapularis |
|
Most superficial lower back muscle that forms the posterior wall of axilla?
|
Latissimus Dorsi
|
|
Both of these muscles move humerus, adduct (O below I) and medially rotate (I inside arm) |
– Pectoralis Major – Latissimus Dorsi |
|
The deltoid has 3 sets of fibers, they are? |
– Anterior – Middle – Posterior |
|
What are the 5 actions of the deltoid? |
– Flexes – Extends – Abducts – Medial Rotation – Lateral Rotation |
|
This scapular muscle originates on the coracoid process?
|
Coracobrachialis
|
|
Suitcase muscle?
|
Supraspinatus
|
|
The supraspinatus originate on the?
|
Supraspinatus Fossa
|
|
The infraspinatus originates on the?
|
Infraspinatus Fossa
|
|
Muscles that circle the tendons around shoulder joint are the?
|
Rotator Cuff Muscles
|
|
What muscle is most often involved with rotator cuff injuries?
|
Supraspinatus
|
|
Continual pinching of the supraspinatus tendon may tear tendon from the bone is called what?
|
Impingement Syndrome
|
|
The rotator cuff muscles are also known as the?
|
SIT S Muscles
|
|
What are the anterior (flexor) arm compartment muscles that move the forearm at the elbow joint? |
– Biceps Brachii – Brachialis – Brachioradialis |
|
This anterior arm compartment muscle is deep to the biceps and is the most powerful forearm flexor known as the "workhorse"?
|
Brachialis
|
|
The brachialis flexes forearm, and inserts on the?
|
Ulnar Tuberosity
|
|
The brachioradialis flexes forearm, originates on the__________, and inserts on the__________? |
– Brachium – Radius |
|
The posterior (extensor) arm compartment muscles that move the forearm at the elbow joint are? |
– Triceps Brachii – Anconeus – Supinator – Pronator Teres – Pronator Quadratus |
|
Innervation for all posterior arm muscles?
|
Radial Nerve
|
|
These muscles both pronate forearm (rolls radius in)? |
– Pronator Teres – pronator Quadratus |
|
What are the superficial flexors that move wrist and digits? |
– Flexor Carpi Radialis – Palmaris Longus – Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) |
|
The superficial flexors, the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris all originate on the?
|
Medial Epicondyle
|
|
All the superficial flexors, the flexor carbi radialis, palmaris longus, and the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) has what action?
|
Flex Wrist Joint
|
|
All superficial flexor muscles, except that FCU, innervate where?
|
Median Nerve
|
|
The innovation for the flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), a superficial flexor is where?
|
Ulnar Nerve
|
|
This superficial flexor muscle weekly flexes wrist and insert on the Palmer Aponeurosis?
|
Palmaris Longus
|
|
The deep flexor, flexor digitorum profundus inserts where?
|
Distal Phalanges (digits 2 – 5)
|
|
What are the superficial extensors that move wrist and digits? |
– Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus – Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis – Extensor Digitorum – Extensor Digiti Minimi – Extensor Carpi Ulnaris |
|
All superficial extensor muscles originate where?
|
Lateral Epicondyle
|
|
All superficial extensor muscles innervate on the__________, and all___________ wrist joint?
|
– Radial Nerve– Extend
|
|
What superficial extensor muscles abduct wrist?
|
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus & Brevis
|
|
What superficial extensor muscle adducts wrist?
|
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (I – ulnar side)
|
|
What are the deep extensors that move wrist and digits? |
– Abductor Pollicis Longus – Extensor Pollices Brevis – Extensor Pollicis Longus – Extensor Indicis |
|
What deep extensor muscle abducts thumb (digit 1)?
|
Abductor Pollicis Longus
|
|
What deep extensor muscles extends thumb? |
– Extensor Pollicis Brevis – Extensor Pollicis Longus |
|
With repetitive strain or motion injuries, name some conditions that result from poor posture, poor body mechanics or repeated activities? |
– Tennis Elbow – Golfers Elbow – Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
|
Strain of the forearm extensors result and pain of lateral epicondyle (origin) is what type of condition?
|
Tennis Elbow
|
|
Strain of the forearm flexors result in pain of medial epicondyle (origin) is what type of condition?
|
Golfers Elbow
|
|
Compression of median nerve is what type of condition?
|
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
|
|
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand? |
– Thenar – Hypothenar – Intermediate |
|
Which intrinsic muscle is at the ball of the thumb?
|
Thenar
|
|
Which intrinsic muscle is at the ball of the little finger?
|
Hypothenar
|
|
Which intrinsic muscle is midpalmar?
|
Intermediate
|
|
What are the midpalmer muscles? |
– Lumbricals – Palmer Interossei – Dorsal Interossei |
|
Which midpalmer muscle of the hand adducts fingers?
|
Palmer Inrtossei (PAD)
|
|
Which midpalmer muscle of the hand abducts?
|
Dorsal Interossei
|
|
This muscle inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula, and it innervation is the pectoral nerve?
|
Pectoralis Minor
|
|
What's the name of the boxers muscle?
|
Serratus Anterior
|
|
The subclavius, pectoralis minor, and serratus anterior all originate where?
|
Axial Skeleton (ribs)
|
|
The most superficial upper back muscle?
|
Trapezius
|
|
The innervation for the trapezius?
|
Accessory Nerve
|
|
The trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids major and rhomboids minor all do what to the scapula?
|
Elevate
|
|
This posterior pectoral girdle muscle elevates and depresses scapula?
|
Trapezius
|
|
What are the 2 axial muscles that move the humerus? |
– Pectoralis Major – Latissimus Dorsi (swimmers muscle) |
|
Actions for the pectoralis major?
|
Flexes Arm and Extends Flexed Arm Back to Trunk
|
|
What muscle is the swimmers muscle?
|
Latissimus Dorsi
|
|
Insertion for the deltoid?
|
Deltoid Tuberosity
|
|
Innervation of the deltoid?
|
Axillary Nerve
|
|
Deltoid, coracobrachialis does what?
|
Flexes Arm
|
|
Deltoid and supraspinatus does what?
|
Abduct Arm
|
|
Deltoid, infraspinatus and teres minor do what?
|
Laterally Rotate
|
|
What are the sit s muscles? |
– Supraspinatus – Infraspinatus – Teres Minor – Subscapularis |
|
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres minor insert where?
|
Greater Tubercle
|
|
Subscapularis inserts where?
|
Lesser Tubercle
|
|
The biceps brachii inserts where?
|
Radial Tuberosity
|
|
This muscle has 3 heads (long, lateral and medial) and crosses shoulders (extends arm) and elbow joints?
|
Triceps Brachii
|
|
This muscle is synergist to triceps?
|
Anconeus
|
|
The triceps brachii and anconeus both insert where?
|
Olecranon Process
|
|
Innervation for all posterior arm muscles?
|
Radial Nerve
|
|
This muscle roles radius out?
|
Supinator
|
|
These muscles roll radius in? |
– Pronator Teres – Pronator Quadratus |
|
The pronator teres and pronator quadratus both do what?
|
Pronate Forearm
|
|
The flexor carpi radialis does what?
|
Abducts Wrist
|
|
This muscle is absent in 10% of individuals; tendon repairs?
|
Palmaris Longus
|
|
The flexor carpi ulnris does what?
|
Adducts Hand
|
|
Action for the flexor pollicis longus?
|
Flexes Thumb
|
|
The flexor digitorum profundus does what?
|
Flexes Digits 2 – 5
|
|
The extensor digitorum does what?
|
Extends Digits 2 – 5
|
|
The extensor digiti minimi does what?
|
Extends little finger (digit 5)
|
|
The extensor indicis does what?
|
Extends index finger (digit 2)
|
|
What is the iliopsoas and psoas major's origin?
|
Body & transverse proseses of lumber Vertebrae
|
|
What anterior pelvic compartment muscle is the main thigh flexor?
|
Iliacus
|
|
The lateral thigh compartment muscle, tensor fasciae latae has what action?
|
Abducts
|
|
What are the medial thigh compartment muscles? |
– Pectineus – Adductor Brevis – Adductor Longus – Adductor Magnus – Gracilis |
|
All medial thigh compartment muscles, pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, and gracilis insert where?
|
Linea Aspera
|
|
All medial thigh compartment muscles innervate __________, except pectineus (femoral).
|
Obturator Nerve
|
|
What are the superficial posterior pelvic compartment (buttocks) muscles? |
– Gluteus Maximus – Gluteus Medius & Gluteus Minimus |
|
Superficial posterior pelvic compartment muscle laterally rotates thigh?
|
Gluteus Maximus
|
|
What superficial posterior pelvic compartment muscle is a common site for intramuscular injections?
|
Gluteus Medius
|
|
What are the 6 deep hip lateral rotators of the deep posterior pelvic compartment (Buttocks)? |
– Piriformis – Obturator Internus – Obturator Externus – Superior Gemellus – Inferior Gemellus – Quadratus Femoris |
|
All 6 deep hip lateral rotators insert where?
|
Outside Greater Trochanter
|
|
A rupture or tear of the inner thigh muscles; most often occur during sprinting or twisting, or from kicking a solid object is what?
|
Groin Pulls
|
|
Sharp pain in the inguinal region, swelling, bruising or inability to contract the muscles is what?
|
Symptoms of Groin Pulls
|
|
What do you do for groin pulls?
|
RICE Therapy (2 – 3 days)
|
|
What are the anterior thigh muscles that move the femur, tibia, and fibula?
|
– Quadriceps Femoris– Rectus Femoris– Vastus Lateralis– Vastus Medialis– Vastus Intermediates– Sartorius
|
|
These 2 muscles of the anterior thigh originates on the linea aspera? |
– Vastus Lateralis – Vastus Medialis |
|
What anterior thigh muscle originates on the body of the femur?
|
Vastus Intermediates
|
|
All anterior thigh muscles insert where?
|
Patella And Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament
|
|
All anterior thigh muscle innervation?
|
Femoral Nerve
|
|
What are the posterior thigh hamstrings? |
– Biceps Femoris – Semimembranosus – Semitendinosis |
|
All hamstring muscles originate where?
|
Ischial Tuberosity
|
|
Hamstrings, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosis innervation?
|
Tibial Nerve
|
|
Origin of hamstrings tears from ischial tuberosity is what?
|
Pulled Hamstrings
|
|
3 muscles stabilize and reinforce medial border of knee is what group?
|
Pes Anserinus
|
|
What anterior leg muscle inverts foot?
|
Tibialis Anterior
|
|
What anterior leg muscle Everts foot?
|
Peroneus/Fibularis Tertius
|
|
What group of muscles all dorsiflex foot (on heels)?
|
Anterior Leg Muscles
|
|
Innervation for the anterior leg muscles?
|
Deep Peroneal
|
|
What are the lateral leg muscles? |
– Peroneus/Fibularis Longus – Peroneus/Fibularis Brevis |
|
Tendons pass posterior to lateral malleolus to insert on the plantar portion of the foot are what muscles? |
– Peroneus/Fibularis Longus – Peroneus/Fibularis Brevis |
|
Innervation for the lateral leg muscles, peroneus/fibularis longus and brevis?
|
Superficial Peroneal
|
|
All superficial posterior leg muscles, gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris have what action?
|
All Plantar Flex Foot at Ankle Joint
|
|
What is the strongest tendon in the body?
|
Achilles Tendon
|
|
Innervation for all superficial posterior leg muscles, gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris?
|
Tibial Nerve
|
|
What are the deep posterior leg muscles? |
– Tibialis Posterior – Flexor Digitorum Longus – Flexor Hallucus Longus – Popliteus |
|
Whats the posterior leg muscle that inverts foot?
|
Tibialis Posterior
|
|
What deep posterior leg muscle flexes toes 2 – 5?
|
Flexor Digitorum Longus
|
|
What deep posterior leg muscle flexes great toe(1)?
|
Flexor Hallucis Longus
|
|
The deep posterior leg muscle, popliteus inserts where?
|
Popliteal Fossa
|
|
Innervation for all posterior thigh and posterior leg muscles?
|
Tibial Nerve
|
|
1st layer of intrinsic muscles that move the toes? |
– Abductor Hallucis – Flexor Digitorum Brevis – Abductor Digiti Minimi |
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 1st layer flexes toes 2-5?
|
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
|
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 1st layer abducts little toe?
|
Abductor Digiti Minimi
|
|
What are the 2nd plantar layer intrinsic muscles that move the toes? |
– Quadratus Plantae – Lumbricals |
|
What are the 3rd plantar layer intrinsic muscles that move the toes? |
– Flexor Hallucis Brevis – Adductor Hallucis – Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis |
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 3rd layer flexes great toe?
|
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
|
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 3rd layer adducts great toe?
|
Adductor Hallucis
|
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 3rd layer flexes little toe?
|
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
|
|
What are the 4th layer intrinsic muscles that move the toes? |
– Dorsal Interossei – Plantar Interossei |
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 4th layer abducts toes 2-4?
|
Dorsal Interossei (DAB)
|
|
What intrinsic muscle of the 4th layer adducts toes 2-4?
|
Plantar Interossei (PAD)
|
|
Frequently caused by faulty training techniques, poorly constructed or worn out running shoes?
|
Running Related Injuries
|
|
Tendinitis of anterior leg compartment muscles, especially tibialis anterior is what?
|
Shin Splints
|
|
Chronic inflammatory irritation of plantar Aponeurosis; most common cause of heel pain in runners is what?
|
Plantar Fasciitis or Painful Heel Syndrome
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When ASIS and PSIS are level?
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Anatomical Position
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Excessive anterior pelvic tilt; poorly developed abdominal muscles is what?
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Slumped Posture
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What's the 2 muscles of the iliopsoas? |
– Psoas Major – Iliacus |
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Psoas major and Iliacus insert where?
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Lesser Trochanter
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What is the main thigh flexor?
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Iliacus
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The tensor fasciae latae inserts where?
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Lateral Tibia and Fibula by the Iliotibial Band
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The medial thigh compartment muscles, pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis all insert where and do what? |
– All Insert on the Linea Aspera – All Adduct and Flex Thigh |
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Primary thigh extensor?
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Gluteus Maximus
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The gluteus medius and minimus does what?
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Medially Rotate Thigh
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The 6 deep hip lateral rotators, piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femoris all do what?
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Laterally Rotates Femur
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All these muscles extend leg at the knee joint (leg forward); main action?
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Anterior Thigh Muscles
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What anterior thigh muscle flexes femur at hip joint and originates on the AIIS?
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Rectus Femoris
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All anterior thigh muscles insert where?
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Patella and Tibial Tuberosity Via Patellar Ligament
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Longest muscle in the body that originates on that ASIS and crosses thigh obliquely; flexes legs and flexes abducts and laterally rotates thigh?
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Sartorius " Tailor's"
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Hamstrings? |
– Biceps Femoris – Semimembranosus – Semitendinosis |
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All hamstring muscles do what?
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All Extend Thigh and Flexes Leg
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The semi-muscles insert where?
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Medial Tibia
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Biceps femoris inserts where?
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Lateral Fibula
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The extensor hallucis longus does what?
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Extends Great Toe (1) Upward
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The extensor digitorum longus does what?
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Extends Toes (2 – 5)
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All anterior leg muscles do what?
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All Dorsiflex Foot (on heels) Extensors Raise Toes
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Peroneus/fibularis longus and brevis do what?
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Both Plantar Flex and Evert Foot (pull foot down and out)
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Name the calf muscles? |
– Gastrocnemius – Soleus – Plantaris |
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All superficial posterior leg muscles insert where?
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Calcaneus via Achilles Tendon
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All the posterior leg muscles do what?
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All plantar flex except popliteus
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How many compartments does the thigh have?
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3anterior, Posterior, & Medial
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Girdle muscle?
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Transversus Abdominis
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Anterolateral Ab. wall muscles? |
-Rectus Abdominis -External Oblique -Internal Oblique -Transversus Abdominis -Linea Alba -Umbilicus |
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Formed by muscles at midline?
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Linea Alba
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The navel is called what?
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Umbilicus
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The innervation for the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles?
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Thoracic Spinal Nerves
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Deepest lower back muscle?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Pulls twelfth ribs down during forced inhalation?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Unilateral chronic spasm of the quadratus lumborum does what?
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Elevates Pelvis and Lowers Limb; " Short Leg Syndrome"(leg length discrepancy/LLD)
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Muscles of breathing? |
– Diaphragm – External Intercostals – Internal Intercostals |
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Dome – shaped muscle separates thoracic and abdominal cavities?
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Diaphragm
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3 major openings in diaphragm are what? |
– Aortic Hiatus – Vena Cava Foramen – Esophageal Hiatus (associated with hiatal hernia) |
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Innervation for the external and internal intercostals?
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Thoracic Spinal Nerves
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What separates pelvic cavity above from perineum below?
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Pelvic Diaphragm
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What is associated with urogenital organs and Anorectal region?
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Perineum
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What are the 2 splenius muscles? |
– Splenius Capitis – Cervicis |
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What does the splenius muscle do unilaterally?
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Rotates Head to Same Side (O inside I)
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What muscle group contains the main extensors of the vertebral column?
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Erector Spinae Muscles
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With the erectors spinae muscles, the iliocostalis is what to the other muscles?
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Lateral
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With the erector spinae muscles, the longissimus is what to the other muscles?
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Intermediate
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With the erector spinae muscles, the spinalis is what to the other muscles?
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Medial
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What does the transversospinalis muscle do unilaterally?
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Rotates head And Vertebral Column to Opposite Side(O outside I)
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What are the 2 segmental muscles? |
– Interspinales – Intertransversarii |
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What type of muscles crossed the fewest numbers of intervertebral joints?
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Segmental muscles
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The interspinales action is what?
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Extension
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The inertransversarii action is what?
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-Lateral Flexion-Extension
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With suboccipital muscles what is the posterior major and minor called?
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Rectus Capitis
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With suboccipital muscles what is the superior and inferior muscles called?
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Obliquus Capitis
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What are the actions of the obliquus muscle? |
– Extends Head – Stabilizes and Control Spine Movement of Atlanto – Occipital Joint |
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Amount of force, repetition, posture and stress applied to the vertebral column is a factor associated with?
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Increased Risk for Back Injuries
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Poor physical condition, posture, lack of exercise, and excessive body weight contribute to sprains and strains is a factor associated with?
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Increased Risk for Back Injuries
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Improper lifting of heavy weight constrain the erector spinae muscles is a factor associated with?
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Increased Risk for Back Injuries
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It's important to bend the knees and use powerful thigh extensor muscles while lifting a heavy load to?
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Prevent Back Injuries
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The rectus abdominis, external oblique, and transversus abdominis all have one function in common, what is it?
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All function To Compress the Abdomen
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The action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is antagonist to the?
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Longissimus Capitis Muscle
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The transversus abdominals muscle is located ____to the internal oblique muscle?
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Deep
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Which muscle flexes the vertebral column?
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Rectus Abdominis
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The diaphragm muscles insert on the?
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Strong Apponeurosis Called the Central Tendon
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The levator ani and the coccygeus muscle together do what?
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Support And Slightly Raised the Pelvic Floor
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The most lateral muscle of the pelvic diaphragm is the?
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Coccygeus
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The base of the penis is surrounded by the _____muscle?
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Bulbospongiousus
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Which muscles that move the vertebral column run parallel with the vertical axis of the spine?
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Erector Spinae Group
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Which of the following muscle is the shortest, with origin and insertion between adjacent vertebrae? A) iliocostalis B) Semispinalis C) Splenius D)Rotatores
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Rotatores
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Which of the muscle groups that extends the vertebral column is located most laterally?
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Iliocostalis
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Which muscles of the vertebral column originate and insert only on the transverse processes of the vertebrae?
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Intertransversarii
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Which muscle acts only in compression of the abdomen?
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Transverse Abdominis
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Which muscle stabilizes the ribs in forced inhalation?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Which muscle contracts during forced inhalation?
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Internal Intercostals
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Which of the below is located in the ventral region?A) MultifidusB) Transverse AbdominisC) Splenius CapitisD) Gluteus Maximus
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Transverse abdominis
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Tendinous intersections?
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Rectus Abdominis
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Forms inguinal ligament; associated with inguinal hernia?
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External Oblique
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The rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis all do what?
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Compress the Abdomen
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Posterior abdominal wall; bulky and stable?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Laterally flexes trunk elevating it "hip hiker"
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Unilaterally (quadratus lumborum)
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Stabilizes 12th ribs during forced exhalation?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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Most important muscle involved in breathing?
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Diaphragm
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During inhalation (breathing in) this muscle contracts (flattens) increasing thoracic cavity?
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Diaphragm
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During exhalation (breathing out) this muscle relaxes moving superiorly decreasing thoracic cavity?
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Diaphragm
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Innervation for the diaphragm?
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Phrenic Nerve
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During forced inhalation this muscle elevates ribs increasing anteroposterior and lateral thoracic cavity dimensions?
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External Intercostals
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During forced exhalation this muscle pulls ribs down and in and decreasing anteroposterior and lateral thoracic cavity dimensions? |
– Ischiococcygeus |
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Both these muscles support pelvic viscera and resists inferior movement during coughing, vomiting, urination and defecation? |
– Iliococcygeus |
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What are the 2 components of the levator ani? |
– Pubococcygeus – Iliococcygeus |
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This is associated with urogenital organs and anorectic region?
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Perineum
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These muscles are not found in the perineum only on the pelvic floor?
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Coccygeus Muscles
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These muscles are on the sides and back of the neck?
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Splenius Muscles
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What do splenius muscles do bilaterally? |
– Longissimus (Intermediate) – Spinalis (medial) |
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What are the 3 groups of erector spinae muscles? |
– Iliocostalis (lateral) – Longissimus (Intermediate) – Spinalis (medial) |
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The transversospinalis muscles, semi-spinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis, multifidus, and rotatores originate and insert where? |
O – Transverse Processes I – Spinous Processes |
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The transversospinalis muscles do what bilaterally?
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Extends Head And Vertebral Column
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Common source of headache?
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Suboccipital Muscles, Obliquus Capitis, and Rectus Capitis
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