Musculoskeletal: 3. Dugan : Anaerobes

Front 1

what 2 major factors effect anaerobic growth?

Back 1

Low oxidation-reduction potential

Absence of oxygen

Front 2

what 3 enzymes are typically missing from anaerobic organisms (3)

*important

Back 2

Superoxide dismutase

Catalase

Peroxidase

Front 3

where are the 2 major places you find anaerobic organisms

Back 3

fecal flora

oral cavity

Front 4

are anaerobic organisms communicable?

Back 4

not really

Front 5

do most anaerobic infections have only anaerobic organisms?

Back 5

no, they are generally polymicrobic

Front 6

what kind of infection would have a foul smelling discharge, necrotic tissue with gas, and black discoloration of blood-containing exudate?

Back 6

anaerobic infection

Front 7

an infection following a human or animal bite would likely be

Back 7

anaerobic

Front 8

where are some of the likely spots taht have anaerobic infection?

Back 8

abdominal***

aspiration pneumonia

dental

pelvic

Front 9

what is the major location of infection by anaerobic organisms?

Back 9

abdomen (GI)

Front 10

what is the ideal way to collect a anaerobic specimen?

Back 10

aspirate pus with a needle and syringe

Front 11

these are bacteria in a Thioglycollate broth. Please label the type of growth seen in each tube

Back 11

1. aerobe, 2. facultative, 3. aerotolerant, 4. anaerobic

Front 12

if you see brick-red fluorescence under a woods lamp, what are you thinking

Back 12

Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus

Front 13

oral or brain abscesses are associated with?

Back 13

Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus

Front 14

what will Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus look like on an agar?

Back 14

Distinctive black colonial appearance on agar

Front 15

what kind of bacteria is Prevotella (Bacteriodes) melaninogenicus

Back 15

Gram-negative coccobacilli to short rods

Front 16

Lightly staining, Gram-negative rods, usually pleomorphic
Grow relatively rapidly and are stimulated by bile


this describes what bacteria?

Back 16

Bacteroides fragilis

Front 17

Bacteroides fragilis is generally found where? (normal habitat)

Back 17

gut and female genital tract

Front 18

what adds to the majority of Bacteroides fragilis virulence?

Back 18

75% is the capsule

Front 19

Bacteroides fragilis causes infection where?

Back 19

Frequent cause of gastrointestinal abscess
Pelvic inflamatory disease
Cellulitis (mixed infections)

Front 20

what are 2 of the biggest drugs used to treat anaerobic bacteria?

Back 20

metronidazole or clindamycin

Front 21

describe the shape of Fusobacterium nucleatum

Back 21

Gram-neg, long, slender filaments and fusiform rods

Front 22

what is the normal habitat of Fusobacterium nucleatum

Back 22

oral cavity and occasionally stool

Front 23

Vincent's agnina (pain in the gums) is associated with?

Back 23

Fusobacterium nucleatum

Front 24

Peptostreptococcus are found where normally?

Back 24

mouth or stool

Front 25

Peptostreptococcus cause what kind of infections?

Back 25

Cause synergistic infections with S. aureus and Bacteroides sp.


Brain abscesses, head infections, etc.

Front 26

what is the Only pathogenic actinomycete that is anaerobic

Back 26

Actinomyces israelii

Front 27

describe the bacteriology of Actinomyces israelii

Back 27

Gram-positive branching rods

Front 28

what bacteria Produce sulfur granules in abscesses and culture

Back 28

Actinomyces israelii

Front 29

where do infections of Actinomyces israelii occur?

Back 29

mouth or head area

Front 30

do infections by Gram Positive Spore-Formers occur exogenously or endogenously?

Back 30

endogenously

Front 31

what do Gram Positive Spore-Formers require?q

Back 31

low Eh potential

aka unable to infect healthy tissue

will not produce toxin at high Eh

Front 32

what is associated with gas gangrene?

Back 32

Clostridium perfringens

Front 33

Cellulitis and myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and Food poisoning are associated with?

Back 33

Clostridium perfringens

Front 34

what is the major virulence factor for Clostridium perfringens?

Back 34

exotoxins (12 designated by greek letters)

Alpha toxin (lecithinase, phospholipase C) degrades mammalian cell membranes

Front 35

What is alpha toxin?

Back 35

an Exotoxin that Alpha toxin degrades mammalian cell membranes

primary virulence factor for clostiridium perfringens

Front 36

what is Myonecrosis? what causes it?

Back 36

Clostidium perfingens infects soft tissue following severe trauma → organisms multiply and elaborate toxins and enzymes, utilize glycogen → gas, edema, impaired circulation → vascular destruction and lactic acid build up lowers redox potential → cellulitis → myonecrosis → shock and renal failure (fatal in ~30% of cases)

Front 37

in culture, if you see clearing and distinctive double zone of hemolysis what type of bacteria do you have?

Back 37

Clostridium perfringens

Front 38

in culture if you see Gram-positive “box car-like” rods what do you have?

Back 38

Clostridium perfringens

Front 39

What bacteria is this?

Back 39

Clostridium perfringens

Front 40

What bacteria is this?

Back 40

Clostridium perfringens

Front 41

how does Clostridium tetani work?

Back 41

Suppresses release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA), therefore signals are unopposed and muscles are constantly stimulated to contract

Front 42

if you see a Gram Positive motile rod with terminal spores what are you looking at?

Back 42

Clostridium tetani

Front 43

what are the treatments of infection by Clostridium tetani

Back 43

Antitoxin
Debride tissue of wound
DOC: penicillin