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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

3 types of muscle tissue


(40-50%) of body weight

skeletal


smooth


cardiac

functions of muscle tissue

-movement (of body parts and organ contents)


-stability (body position and organ volume)


-control of body openings and passages (sphincters)


-heat production

properties of muscle tissue (4)

-excitability & conductivity


*responds to stimuli


*produces & conducts electrical signals





properties of muscle tissue

-contractility


*shorten


*create tension


properties of muscle tissue

-extensibility


*stretched without damage


properties of muscle tissue

-elasticity


*returns to original shape

skeletal muscle (as an organ)

connective tissue types in skeletal tissue

superficial fascia


deep fascia


epimysium


perimysium


endomysium

superficial fascia (subcuntanous layer)

loose connective tissue

adipose connective tissue


fasc word root

bandage

deep fascia

separates muscles into functional groups


dense irregular connective tissue

epimysium *

surrounds whole muscle


dense irregular connective tissue




*=EXTENDS BEYOND MUSCLE TO FORM A TENDON---DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

perimysium*

surrounds bundles of 10-100+ muscle fibers called fascicles (fasciculi)



dense irregular connective tissue




*=EXTENDS BEYOND MUSCLE TO FORM A TENDON---DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE



endomysium

surrounds single fibers

parts of muscle where in connects to bone

-origin less movable, proximal


-belly thickest part of muscle


-insertion more movable, distal

fascicle

bundle of muscle or nerve fibers ensheathed in connective tissue

fascicle arrangement (relative to tendon)

influences power and range of motion




EX: paralle= increase motion


decrease power



bipennate=decrease motion:


increase power


prime mover (agonist)

causes desired action



EX: bracialis flexes the forearm

antagonist

opposes



EX: triceps brachii

syngerists

stabilizes intermediate joints and/or assists




(working with)




EX: biceps brachii, shoulder muscles

fixators

stabilize origin




EX: scapular muscles




(stabilize other joints while movement is happening)

lever system

see sketch (tetter totter)




1.import effort


2.fulcrum


3.resistance load output



classification of muscles

fusiform


parallel


triangular


unipennate


bipennate


mulitpennate


circular

fusiform muscle

thick in the middle and tapered at end





parrallel

fairly uniform width and parallel fascicles

triangular (convergent)

are fan shaped- broad at one end and narrower at the other end

pennate

are feathered-shaped

circular

form rings around certain body openings (sphincters)

skeletal muscle in the body

muscles=effort


joints=fulcrum


body weight=resistance or objects


bones=levers



relative position of the three (muscles) (joints) (bones) determine

mechanical advantage : decrease effort=


increase output


or


mechanical disadvantage: increases effort=


decreases output


(or a mechanical advantage of <1)

levers trade-off effort vs. distance and speed

long levers can lift great weight


but must move a great distance


most levers in the body work at a mechanical disadvantage


but gain speed and distance

cell= muscle fiber= myofiber

see sketch of sarcomere

sarcomere


sarco=flesh


mere=part

structural and functional unit of a muscle cell

3 major protein myofilaments (microfilaments


(part of cytoskeleton)

thick (myosin)


thin(actin and regulatory proteins)


elastin (titin)



striations

form alternating light and dark bands

dark A band

myosin (H zone is midline gap between thin filaments

light I band

actin(gap between thick filaments)

muscles contracts by

sliding filament mechanism

muscle cell also has specialized ER

sarcoplasmic reticulum

sarcolemma has deep inavaginations

the T-tubules

skeletal muscles contract

voluntary

neuromuscular junction or motor end plate


(communication from brain)

brain-----spinal cord------motor neuron---muscle


(in this sequence)