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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four main types of bones?
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Long
Short Flat Irregular |
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Examples of long bones
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humerus and tibia
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Examples of short bones
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carpals
tarsals |
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Examples of flat bones
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skull bones i.e. the frontal and temporal bones
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examples of irregular bones
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scapula, clavicle, ribs, sternum, hip, and the vertebrae
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functions of bone
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- provides shape, support, and protection to body structures
- act as levers that aid body movements - site of blood cell formation - stores certain vital inorganic salts |
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parts of the long bone
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epiphysis at both ends
articular cartilage diaphysis/shaft periosteum medullary cavity epiphyseal growth plate |
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where is the ephysis?
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at the articulating ends of long bones where they form joints with other bones
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articular cartilage is made up of
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hyaline cartilage, which helps protect and cushion the ephysis at the joint
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periosteum is made up of
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a thin membrane and provides points of attachments for tendons and ligaments
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the diaphysis/shaft
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the main body of the bone and contains an inner medullary cavity, which contains a specialized type of soft connective tissue called marrow
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endochondryle bones are formed from and the process is called
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formed from hyline cartilage and the process is called endochondryle ossification
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intramembranous bones are formed from and the process is called
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primative connective tissue by a process called intramembranous ossification
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specialized cells called osteocytes
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carry nutrients and waste to and from bone through special 'roadways' called canaliculi
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osteoclasts
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breaks down bone from inside
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osteoblasts
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breaks down bone from outside
bone forming cells and ddeposit calcium onto bone |
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intramembranous bones
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form layers of connective tissue examples- flat bones of the skull
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endochondral bones
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formed from hyaline cartilage, which is later replaced by bone tissue
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intramembranous ossification
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the process of replacing connectiv etissue with bone tissue
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endochondrial ossification
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the process with replacing hyaline cartilage
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primary ossification site
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bony tissue starts to replace hyaline cartilage in the center of the diaphysis
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secondary ossification ceters
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appear in the epiphysis and spongy bone growth plate/metaphysis becomes apparent between the two ossification centers
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factors affecting bone growth
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nutrition
sunlight availability hormones physical exercise |
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Vitamin D
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is found in milk and dairy products
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the active form of vitamin d is formed when the inactive form...
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called dehyocholesterol, is transported by blood to the skin where it is exposed to the sunlight
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active form of Vitamin D
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is important for the absorption of calcium on the intestine
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metabolic/bone conditions
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rickets
osteomalacia osteoperosis dwarfism acromegaly cretinism |
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# of bones in the human body
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206
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bones are made up of two divisions
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axial skelton
appendicular skeleton |
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axial skeleton is made up of
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bones of the skull, the Hyoid bone, the vetebral column, and the thoracic cage
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the appendicular skeleton is made up of........
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the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the bones that anchor the limbs to the axial skeleton
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the Pectoral girdle is formed
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by the scapula and the clavicle
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# of axial bones
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80
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# of appendicular bones
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126
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the three bones that make up the hip bone
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ilium, ischium, and pubis
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another name for the hipbone
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coaxal
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three joints of the upper limb
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humerus, radius, and ulna
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three bones that make up the sternum
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manibrium, body, and xiphoid process
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which pairs of ribs are regarded as the true ribs?
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1-7
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what are floating ribs?
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11-12 they have no cartilage
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cranial bones
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frontal
parietal temporak occipital sphenoid ethmoid |
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facial bones
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nasal
maxilla mandible zygomatic palatine vomer lacrimal inferior nasal concave |
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joints
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also called articulations, junctions between bones
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SYNATHROSIS
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NO MOVEMENT AT JOINT
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CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
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fibrous
cartilaginous synovial |
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amphiathrotic
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slightly movable
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diathrotic
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while others are freely movable
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syndesmosis
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these joints have a thin ligament called interosseus ligament between them
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sutures
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joints occur betwwen the flat bones of the skull, they are immovable
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gophmosis
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formed by bony processes forming a joint in a bony socket. immovable
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cartilaginous
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bones are connected by either hyaline, or fibrocartilage
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subdivisions of cartiliginous joints
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synchondrosis- temporary joints that later disappear during growth
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symphysis
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made up of fibrocartilage permits a small amount of movement
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synovial
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allow free movement consists of articular cartilage, a joint capsule, and synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid
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six major subdivisions of synovial joints
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ball-and-socket joints
condyloid joints gliding joints hinge joints pivot joint saddle joint |
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ball-and-socket joint
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have a globular head that articulates with a cup-shaped cavity of another bone, permits a wide range of movements
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condyloid joints
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involve the articulation of the ovoid end of one bone into the elliptical cavity of another bone, many tyoes of movement are possible
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gliding joints
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have articulating surfaces that appear flat, there is a gliding/sliding movement between the bones
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hinge joints
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involve the articulation of the concave surface of one bone with the convex surface of another bone
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pivot joint
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the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament
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