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160 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pectoralis Major Attachments
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Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle.
Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle |
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Pectoralis Major Innervation
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Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)
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Pectoralis Major Actions
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Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly; Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position
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Pectoralis Minor Attachments
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3rd–5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula |
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Pectoralis Minor Innervation
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Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
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Pectoralis Minor Actions
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Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
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Subclavius Attachments
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Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle |
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Subclavius Innervation
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Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
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Subclavius Action
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Anchors and depresses clavicle
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Serratus Anterior Attachments
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External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st–8th ribs
Anterior surface of medial border of scapula |
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Serratus Anterior Innervation
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Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
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Serratus Anterior Action
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Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula
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Deltoid Attachments
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Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
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Deltoid Innervation
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Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
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Deltoid Action
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Clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part: abducts arm Spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm |
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Supraspinatus Attachments
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Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus |
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Supraspinatus Innervation
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Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
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Supraspinatus Action
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Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles
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Infraspinatus Attachments
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Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus |
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Infraspinatus Innervation
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Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
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Infraspinatus Actions
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Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles
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Teres minor Attachments
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Middle part of lateral border of scapula
Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus |
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Teres minor Innervation
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Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
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Teres minor Actions
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Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles
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Teres Major Attachments
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Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus |
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Teres Major Innervation
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Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
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Teres Major Actions
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Adducts and medially rotates arm
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Subscapularis Attachments
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Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)
Lesser tubercle of humerus |
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Subscapularis Innervation
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Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
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Subscapularis Action
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Medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
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Biceps brachii Attachments
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Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis |
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Biceps brachii Innervation
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Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
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Biceps brachii Action
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Supinates forearm and, when it is supine. flexes forearm; short head resists dislocation of shoulder
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Coracobrachialis Attachments
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Tip of coracoid process of scapula
Middle third of medial surface of humerus |
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Coracobrachialis Innervation
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Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)
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Coracobrachialis Action
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Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder
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Brachialis Attachment
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Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Coronoid process and tuberosity ulna |
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Brachialis Innervation
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Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6) and radial nerve (C5, C7)
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Brachialis Action
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Flexes forearm in all positions
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Triceps brachii Attachments Long Head
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Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm |
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Triceps brachii Attachments Lateral Head
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Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm |
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Triceps brachii Attachments Medial Head
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Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm |
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Triceps brachii Innervation
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Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
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Triceps brachii Actions
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Chief extensor of forearm; long head resists dislocation of humerus; especially important during adduction
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Anconeus Attachment
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna |
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Anconeus Innervation
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Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)
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Anconeus Action
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Assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint; may abduct ulna during pronation
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Pronator Teres Attachments
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Humeral head: medial epicondyle, medial supracondylar ridge and medial intermuscular septum.
Ulnar head: medial border of coronoid process Just posterior to most prominent part of lateral convexity of radius |
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Pronator Teres Innervation
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Median nerve (C6,7) (from lateral and medial cords)
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Pronator Teres Action
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Pronates forearm and flexes elbow
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Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) Attachments
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Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Base of 2nd metacarpal |
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Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) Innervation
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Median nerve (C6, C7)
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Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) Action
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Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)
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Palmaris longus Attachments
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Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis |
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Palmaris longus Innervation
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Median nerve (C7, C8)
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Palmaris longus Action
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Flexes hand (at wrist) and tenses palmar aponeurosis
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Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) Attachments Humeral Head
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Medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor origin)
Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) Attachments Ulnar Head
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Olecranon and posterior border (via aponeurosis)
Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) Innervation
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Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
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Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) Action
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Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)
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Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Attachments Humeroulnar Head
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Medial epicondyle (common flexor origin and coronoid process)
Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Attachments Radial Head
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Superior half of anterior border
Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits |
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Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Innervation
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Median nerve (C7, C8, T1)
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Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) Action
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Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of middle four digits; acting more strongly, it also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints
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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Attachments Medial Part
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Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits |
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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Attachments Lateral Part
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Proximal three quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits |
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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Innervation Medial Part
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Ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Innervation Lateral Part
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Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Action Medial Part
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Flexes distal phalanges 4 and 5 at distal interphalangeal joints
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Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Action Lateral Part
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Flexes distal phalanges 2 and 3 at distal interphalangeal joints
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Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) Attachments
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Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Base of distal phalanx of thumb |
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Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) Innervation
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Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
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Flexor pollicis longus (FPL) Action
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Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
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Pronator quadratus Attachments
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Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius |
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Pronator quadratus Innervation
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Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8, T1)
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Pronator quadratus Action
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Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
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Brachioradialis Attachments
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Proximal two thirds of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process |
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Brachioradialis Innervation
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Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7)
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Brachioradialis Action
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Relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
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Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) Attachments
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Lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal |
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Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) Innervation
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Radial nerve (C6, C7)
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Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) Action
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Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) Attachments
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal |
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) Innervation
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Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
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Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) Action
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Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
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Extensor digitorum Attachments
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Extensor expansions of medial four digits |
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Extensor digitorum Innervation
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Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
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Extensor digitorum Action
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Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints
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Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) Attachments
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor origin)
Extensor expansion of 5th digit |
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Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) innervation
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Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
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Extensor digiti minimi (EDM) Action
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Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joint
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Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) Attachments
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis
Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal |
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Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) Innervation
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Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
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Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) Actions
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Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)
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Supinator Attachments
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna
Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius |
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Supinator innervation
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Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
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Supinator Actions
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Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
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Extensor indicis Attachments
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osterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane
Extensor expansion of 2nd digit |
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Extensor indicis innervation
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Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
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Extensor indicis Action
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Extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist
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Abductor pollicis longus (APL) Attachments
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Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Base of 1st metacarpal |
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Abductor pollicis longus (APL) Innervation
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Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
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Abductor pollicis longus (APL) Actions
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Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
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Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) Attachments
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Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb |
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Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) Innervation
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Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
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Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) Actions
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Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
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Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) Attachments
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Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane
Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
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Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) Innervation
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Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve
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Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) Action
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Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint
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Opponens pollicis Attachment
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Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Lateral side of 1st metacarpal |
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Opponens pollicis Innervation
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Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
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Opponens pollicis Actions
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To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially
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Abductor pollicis brevis Attachments
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Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
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Abductor pollicis brevis Innervation
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Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
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Abductor pollicis brevis Actions
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Abducts thumb; helps oppose it
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Flexor pollicis brevis Attachments
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Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb (both deep and superficial heads) |
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Flexor pollicis brevis Innervation Superficial Head
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Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
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Flexor pollicis brevis Innervation Deep Head
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Flexor pollicis brevis Actions Superficial Head
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Flexes thumb
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Flexor pollicis brevis Actions Deep Head
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Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
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Adductor pollicis Attachments Oblique Head
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Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
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Adductor pollicis Attachments Transverse Head
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Anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
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Adductor pollicis Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Adductor pollicis Actions
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Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm
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Abductor digiti minimi Attachments
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Pisiform
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit |
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Abductor digiti minimi Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Abductor digiti minimi Actions
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Abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis Attachments
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Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit |
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Flexor digiti minimi brevis Actions
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Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
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Opponens digiti Attachments
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Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Medial border of 5th metacarpal |
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Opponens digiti Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Opponens digiti Actions
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Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb
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1st and 2nd Lumbricals Attachments
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ateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd–5th digits |
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1st and 2nd Lumbricals Innervation
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Median nerve (C8, T1)
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1st and 2nd Lumbricals Action
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Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd–5th digits
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3rd and 4th Lumbricals Attachment
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Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd–5th digits |
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3rd and 4th Lumbricals Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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3rd and 4th Lumbricals Action
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Flex metacarpophalangeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd–5th digits
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Dorsal interossei, 1st–4th Attachment
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Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)
Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd–4th digits |
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Dorsal interossei, 1st–4th Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Dorsal interossei, 1st–4th Action
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Abduct 2nd–4th digits from axial line; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
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Palmar interossei, 1st–3rd Attachment
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Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)
Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits |
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Palmar interossei, 1st–3rd Innervation
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Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Palmar interossei, 1st–3rd Actions
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Adduct 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits toward axial line; assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints; extensor expansions of 2nd–4th digits
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Palmaris brevis Attachments
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Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
Skin of palm into dermis |
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Palmaris brevis Innervation
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Superficial branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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Palmaris brevis Action
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Steadies and corrugates skin of palm to help with grip
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Omohyoid Muscle Attachments
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Upper border of the scapula
Hyoid bone |
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Omohyoid Muscle Innervation
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Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)
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Omohyoid Muscle Action
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Depresses the larynx and hyoid bone. Also carries hyoid bone backward and to the side
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Scalenus anterior Attachments
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Anterior tubercles of transverse processes of C3-6
Scalene tubercle on superior aspect of 1st rib |
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Scalenus anterior Innervation
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Anterior primary rami of C5, 6
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Scalenus anterior Action
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Accessory to inspiration. lateral flexion of neck when 1st rib fixed
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Scalenus Medius Attachments
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Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C2-7
Superior aspect of neck of 1st rib |
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Scalenus Medius Innervation
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Anterior primary rami of C3-8
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Scalenus Medius Actions
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Accessory to inspiration
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Scalenus Posterior Attachments
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Posterior tubercles of transverse processes C4-6
Post/lateral surface of 2nd rib |
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Scalenus Posterior Innervation
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Anterior primary rami of C6-8
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Scalenus Posterior Action
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Accessory to inspiration
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