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159 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the muscles in the Nasalis group?
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Compressor Naris & Dilator Naris
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What is the origin of Nasalis?
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maxilla
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What is the insertion of Nasalis?
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nose
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What is the action of Dilator Naris?
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widens nasal opening
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What is the action of Compressor Naris?
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compresses nasal cartilages
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What are the muscles that make up the Occipitofrontalis?
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Frontalis & Occipitalis
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What is the origin of Frontalis?
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skin & fascia of eyebrows
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What is the origin of Occipitalis?
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occipital bone
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What is the insertion of Frontalis & Occipitalis?
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epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)
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What is the action of Frontalis & Occipitalis?
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raises eyebrows & moves scalp
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What structure connects Frontalis & Occipitalis?
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galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurotica)
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What is the origin of Platysma?
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fascia over Pectoralis Major & Deltoid
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What is the insertion of Platysma?
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mandible, muscles around mouth
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What is the action of Platysma?
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depresses mandible, draws lower lip downward
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What muscle has a lizard neck appearance?
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Platysma
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What muscle is involved in pouting?
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Platysma
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What is the origin of Procerus?
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nose
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What is the insertion of Procerus?
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skin between eyebrows
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What is the action of Procerus?
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wrinkles nose skin
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What is the origin of Corrugator Supercilii?
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frontal bone
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What is the insertion of Corrugator Supercilii?
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skin of eyebrow
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What is the action of Corrugator Supercilii?
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draws eyebrows down in frowning
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What muscles originate on the bones & fascia around the mouth, insert on the lips & act on the mouth/lips?
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Depressor Anguli Oris, Depressor Labii Inferioris, Levator Anguli Oris, Levator Labii Superioris, Mentalis, Risorius, Zygomaticus Major & Zygomaticus Minor
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What muscle moves the corners of the mouth?
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Risorius
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What is the origin of Levator Palpebrae Superioris?
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roof of orbit
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What is the insertion of Levator Palpebrae Superioris?
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upper eyelid
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What is the action of Levator Palpebrae Superioris?
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elevates upper eyelid
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What muscle is the antagonist to Levator Palpebrae Superioris?
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Orbicularis Oculi
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What is the origin of Orbicularis Oculi?
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orbital margin
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What is the insertion of Orbicularis Oculi?
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eyelid
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What is the action of Orbicularis Oculi?
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closes eyelid
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What is the origin of Temporalis?
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temporal bone
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What is the insertion of Temporalis?
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mandible
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What is the action of Temporalis?
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closes & retracts jaw
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What shape is Temporalis?
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scallop shaped
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What is the origin of Masseter?
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zygomatic arch
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What is the insertion of Masseter?
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mandible
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What is the action of Masseter?
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closes jaw, assists in jaw protraction
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What is the strongest muscle of mastication?
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Masseter
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What is the strongest synergist to the Masseter?
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Medial Pterygoid
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What is the origin of Orbicularis Oris?
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maxilla, mandible, lips & Buccinator
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What is the insertion of Orbicularis Oris?
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mucous membranes, muscles inserting into the lip
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What is the action of Orbicularis Oris?
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lip closure
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What is the origin of Buccinator?
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maxilla, mandible
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What is the insertion of Buccinator?
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lips
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What is the action of Buccinator?
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maintains cheeks in position to chew
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What actions does the Buccinator allow?
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whistling, blowing, sucking, kissing
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What muscle is known as the smiling muscle?
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Risorius
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What is the origin of Medial Pterygoid?
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pterygoid plate & sphenoid bone
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What is the insertion of Medial Pterygoid?
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mandible
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What is the action of Medial Pterygoid?
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closes jaw, assists in protraction
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What is the origin of Lateral Pterygoid?
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pterygoid plate & sphenoid bone
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What is the insertion of Lateral Pterygoid?
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mandible, temporomandibular joint capsule
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What is the action of Lateral Pterygoid?
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protracts jaw
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What muscle is involved in TMJ?
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Lateral Pterygoid
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What are the Suprahyoid muscles?
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Mylohyoids, Digastrics, Geniohyoids
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What is the origin of the Suprahyoids?
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mandible, mastoid process of the temporal bone
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What is the insertion of the Suprahyoids?
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hyoid bone
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What is the action of the Suprahyoids?
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raises hyoid bone in swallowing when mandible is stable or opens jaw when hyoid bone is stable
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What are the Infrahyoid muscles?
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Thyrohyoid, Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid, Omohyoid
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What is the origin of Thyrohyoid?
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thyroid cartilage
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What is the origin of Sternothyroid?
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manubrium of sternum, medial clavicle
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What is the origin of Sternohyoid?
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manubrium of sternum
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What is the origin of Omohyoid?
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scapula
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What is the insertion of the Infrahyoids?
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hyoid bone
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What is the action of the Infrahyoids?
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stabilizes hyoid bone in swallowing by pulling it downward
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What is the origin of Sternocleidomastoid?
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sternum & clavicle
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What is the insertion of Sternocleidomastoid?
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mastoid process of the temporal bone
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What is the action of Sternocleidomastoid?
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bilaterally- flexion of the neck. unilaterally- lateral flexion, rotation of the head to to the opposite side (contralateral rotation)
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What muscle is commonly involved in whiplash?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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What nerve innervates the Sternocleidomastoid?
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Accessory Nerve (cranial nerve 11)
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What is the Sternocleidomastoid named for?
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it's origin & insertion
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What muscle plays a role in forced inspiration?
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Sternocleidomastoid
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What are the Scalene muscles?
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Scalenus Anterior, Scalenus Medius, Scalenus Posterior
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What is the origin of the Scalenes?
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transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae
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What is the origin of Scalenus Anterior?
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C3-C6
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What is the origin of Scalenus Medius?
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C2-C7
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What is the origin of Scalenus Posterior?
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C4-C6
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What is the insertion of Scalenus Anterior & Scalenus Medius?
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first rib
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What is the insertion of Scalenus Posterior?
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second rib
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What is the action of the Scalenes?
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bilaterally- raise first 2 ribs, assists in neck flexion. unilaterally- assists in lateral flexion to same side.
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What muscles play a role in forced inspiration & Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
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Scalenes
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What is Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?
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compression of the brachial nerve, Pectoralis Minor, clavicle & scapula
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What is the origin of Rectus Abdominis?
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pubic symphysis & crest
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What is the insertion of Rectus Abdominis?
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costal cartilages 5, 6, 7 & xiphoid process
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What is the action of Rectus Abdominis?
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flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents
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What muscle is called the six pack muscle?
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Rectus Abdominis
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Where is the linea alba found?
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Rectus Abdominis
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Is Rectus Abdomins deep or superficial?
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superficial
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What is the origin of External Oblique?
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lower 8 ribs
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What is the insertion of External Oblique?
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abdominal aponeurosis, linea alba, iliac crest
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What is the action of External Oblique?
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bilaterally- flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents. unilaterally- lateral flexion, rotation of trunk to opposite side.
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What muscle is active when doing a sit up with a twist?
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External Oblique
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What is the origin of Internal Oblique?
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inguinal ligament & iliac crest
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What is the insertion of Internal Oblique?
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lower 4 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis, linea alba
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What is the action of Internal Oblique?
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bilaterally- flexion of the spine, compression of abdominal contents. unilaterally- lateral flexion, rotation of the trunk to the same side.
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What is the origin of Transverse Abdominis?
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inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, costal cartilages
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What is the insertion of Transverse Abdominis?
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abdominal aponeurosis
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What is the only action of Transverse Abdominis?
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compression of abdominal contents
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What muscle is called the stomach girdle?
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Transverse Abdominis
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What is the deepest abdominal muscle?
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Transverse Abdominis
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What are the Intercostal muscles?
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External Intercostals, Internal Intercostals, Innermost Intercostals
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What is the origin of the Intercostals?
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between adjacent ribs
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What is the insertion of the Intercostals?
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between adjacent ribs
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What is the action of the Intercostals?
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elevates ribs in inspiration & maintains intercostal spaces
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What are the muscles of inspiration?
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Intercostals
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What is the origin of the Diaphragm?
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1st lumbar vertebrae, lower 6 costal cartilages, xiphoid process
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What is the insertion of the Diaphragm?
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central tendon of the diaphragm (inserts upon itself)
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What is the action of the Diaphragm?
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flattens central tendon
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What muscle works with the Diaphragm?
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Intercostals
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What nerve is the Diaphragm innervated by?
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Phrenic Nerve
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What muscle is used for normal quiet breathing/exhalation?
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Diaphragm
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What is the origin of Serratus Posterior Superior?
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caudal ligamentum nuchae, C7-T2
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What is the insertion of Serratus Posterior Superior?
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ribs 2,3,4,5
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What is the action of Serratus Posterior Superior?
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raises ribs to increase thoracic cavity during inspiration
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What is Serratus Posterior Superior used for?
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Inspiration
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What is the origin of Serratus Posterior Inferior?
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T11, T12, & L1-3 spinous processes
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What is the insertion of Serratus Posterior Inferior?
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last 4 ribs
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What is the action of Serratus Posterior Inferior?
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draws ribs outward & downward
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What is Serratus Posterior Inferior used for?
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expiration
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What is the origin of Quadratus Lumborum?
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iliac crest
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What is the insertion of Quadratus Lumborum?
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12th rib, transverse processes of L1-L4
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What is the action of Quadratus Lumborum?
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lateral flexion of the trunk, raises the hip
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What muscle is known as the hip hiker muscle?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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What muscle is sometimes implicated in golf injuries?
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Quadratus Lumborum
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What is the origin of Splenius Capitis?
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ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 & T1-T3
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What is the origin of Splenius Cervicis?
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T3-T6
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What is the insertion of Splenius Capitis?
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mastoid process of the temporal bone & occipital bone
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What is the insertion of Splenius Cervicis?
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transverse processes of C1-C3
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What is the action of Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis?
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bilaterally- extension of neck. unilaterally- lateral flexion & rotation of head to the same side.
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What muscles are called the Band Aid muscles?
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Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis
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What shape are the Splenius Capitis & Splenius Cervicis?
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"V" shaped
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What are the Erector Spinae muscles from most lateral to most medial?
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Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
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What is the origin of Iliocostalis?
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thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior ribs
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What is the origin of Longissimus?
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thoracolumbar aponeurosis, lumbar & thoracic transverse processes
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What is the origin of Spinalis?
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ligamentum nuchae, cervical & throacic spinous processes
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What is the insertion of Iliocostalis?
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posterior ribs, cervical transverse processes
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What is the insertion of Longissimus?
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cervical & thoracic transverse processes, mastoid process
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What is the insertion of Spinalis?
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cervical & thoracic spinous processes, occipital bone
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What is the action of the Erector Spinae muscles?
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bilaterally- extension of the spine. unilaterally- lateral flexion of spine.
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What are the postural muscle group called?
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Erector Spinae
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What is the only spinal group of muscles that attach to the lumbar vertebrae?
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Erector Spinae
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What muscles are in a constant state of tension?
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Erector Spinae
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Is Semispinalis an Erector Spinae muscle?
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no
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What is the origin of Semispinalis?
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cervical & thoracic transverse processes
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What is the origin of Multifidus?
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sacrum, iliac & transverse processes of all vertebrae
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What is the insertion of Semispinalis?
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cervical & thoracic spinous processes, occipital bone
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What is the insertion of Multifidus?
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spinous processes of all vertebrae, inserting 2-4 vertebrae above origin
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What is the action of Semispinalis & Multifidus?
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bilaterally- extension of spine. unilaterally- rotation of opposite side
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What is the origin of Rotatores?
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transverse processes of all vertebrae
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What is the insertion of Rotatores?
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spinous processes of all vertebrae, directly above
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What is the action of Rotatores?
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extension of spine & rotation to the opposite side
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What is the origin of Interspinales?
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spinous processes
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What is the insertion of Interspinales?
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spinous processes, directly above
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What is the action of Interspinales?
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extension of spine
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What is the origin of Intertransversarii?
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transverse processes
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What is the insertion of Intertransversarii?
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transverse processes, directly above
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What is the action of Intertransversarii?
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lateral flexion of spine
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What muscle is most implicated in golf injuries?
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Multifidus
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