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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Glabella
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located on the frontal bone above the nasion; it is between the superciliary arches; a smooth prominence that is the most anterior projecting part of the forehead
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Superciliary arch
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a smooth, curved/arched elevation above the orbit under the area of the eyebrow; it arches upward and laterally from the glabella.
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Supraorbital foramen or supraorbital notch
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a bony passageway for nerves and vessel to reach or exit the face
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Nasal bone
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(2)
Often referred to as the “bridge of the nose” |
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internasal suture
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located between the 2 nasal bones
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frontonasal suture
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located between the frontal bone and the 2 nasal bones; it forms a ‘T’ with the internasal suture
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Nasion
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the depression at the root of the nose; the position of the frontonasal suture with the internasal suture
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Zygomatic bone
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(2)
the cheek bones |
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Maxilla
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(2)
the upper jaw bones a. Infraorbital foramen b. Intermaxillary suture c. Anterior nasal spine d. Alveolar part of the maxillae - contains the sockets for the teeth |
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Mandible
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(1)
lower jaw bone |
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Mental protuberance
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on mandible; triangular
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mental tubercles
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on mandible; lower, lateral elevations at the edge of the triangle (edge of mental protuberance)
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mandibular symphysis
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on mandible; fibrocartilaginous joint – usually ossified by the end of the first postnatal year of life
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mental foramen
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on mandible; the small hole in the external (facial) surface of the mandibular body in the vicinity of the apex of the root of the second premolar tooth
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ramus of the mandible
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coronoid process;
condylar process; mandibular notch- between the coronoid process and condylar process |
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angle of mandible
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marks the junction of the ramus and the body
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body of mandible
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oblique line;
alveolar part of the mandible- contains the sockets for the teeth; base- lower part of the mandible's body |
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piriform aperture
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the anterior bony opening into the nasal cavity
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orbitale
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the lowest point on the inferior margin of the orbit
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craniometric points
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glabella, nasion, orbitale;
these points pertain to the scientific measurement of the dimensions of the bones of the skull and face |
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Forehead furrows
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horizontal wrinkles in the skin of the forehead; their prominence increases with age.
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Palpebra
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eyelid
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Palpebral fissures
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the space between the margins of the eyelids; the interval between the eyelids when they are open.
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Palpebral commissures (canthi)
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the angles (or medial and lateral limits) of the palpebral fissure.
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Bridge of the nose
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the narrow part of the nose leading downward between the eyes toward the lower, flared part surrounding the nostrils.
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Nasal ala
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the wing of the nose; the flaring cartilaginous expansion forming the outer side of each nostril.
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Columnella nasi
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the fleshy distal margin of the nasal septum.
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Nasolabial groove
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it separates the upper lip and nose from the cheek.
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Zygomatic eminence
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the prominence of the cheek.
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Philtrum
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the middle vertical groove in the upper lip.
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Labial tubercle
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the central prominence or rounded projection often present on the inferior surface of the vermilion part of the upper lip.
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Labial commissures
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the labial angles where the upper lip and lower lips are joined.
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Labiomental groove
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horizontal furrow between the lower lip and the chin.
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Mental protuberance
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the part of the chin that juts forward.
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Angle of the mandible
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the “angle of the jaw”.
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Vermilion zone (vermilion border)
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the exposed red/pink portion of the upper or lower lip; coloration is caused by a rich vascular bed.
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muscles of facial expression definition
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striated muscles which affect facial expression by moving the skin; they act as dilators and sphincters of the eyes, nose and mouth.
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Origin of muscles of facial expression
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skull bones (usually) or fascia
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Insertion of muscles of facial expression
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these muscles generally insert into the skin of the face; some exceptions to this are insertions into bone, other muscles, lips, and cartilage.
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Embryonic derivation of muscles of facial expression
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second pharyngeal arch- All muscles of facial expression; Posterior belly of digastric; Stylohyoid; Stapedius (a muscle of the middle ear)
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Muscles of facial expression innervation
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Innervated by facial nerve (VII) - cell bodies for efferent component: facial nucleus
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epicranius muscle
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scalp
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frontalis muscle (definition, origin, insertion)
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anterior belly of the epicranius; it wrinkles forehead and raises eyebrows (indicates surprise or curiosity)
ORIGIN: epicranial aponeurosis INSERTION: skin/subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows and forehead |
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occipitalis muscle (definition, origin, insertion)
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posterior belly of the epicranius; it pulls scalp posteriorly increasing effectiveness of the frontal belly
ORIGIN: Lateral 2/3 of the superior nuchal line INSERTION: Epicranial aponeurosis |
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Galea aponeurotica/Epicranial aponeurosis
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the membranous tendon of the epicranius muscle; the deepest layer of the “movable” scalp
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Anterior auricular muscle
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it pulls the auricle up and anteriorly; 1 of 3 external ear muscles
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Superior auricular muscle
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it pulls the auricle superiorly; 1 of 3 external ear muscles
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Posterior auricular muscle
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it pulls the auricle posteriorly; 1 of 3 external ear muscles
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Orbicularis oculi muscle function
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associated with the eyelid (palpebra); closes the eye and compresses the lacrimal gland
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3 parts of orbicularis oculi muscle (and function, origin, insertion for each)
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a. Orbital (beyond orbital rim)-necessary to close the eyes tightly
b. Palpebral (within the eyelid)- primarily involved in blinking c. Lacrimal (posterior to lacrimal sac)-involved in lacrimal gland secretion ORIGIN: medial orbital margin; medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone INSERTION: Skin around margin of orbit; superior and inferior tarsal plates |
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Corrugator supercilii muscle (function, origin, insertion)
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associated with the eyelid (palpebra); it forms vertical wrinkles in the forehead; it pulls the eyebrows together (demonstrates worry/concern);
ORIGIN: medial end of superciliary arch INSERTION: skin superior to middle of the supraorbital margin and superciliary arch |
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nasalis muscle
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(2 parts: dilator and compressor);
associated with the nose; its fibers correspondingly act upon the nares |
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depressor septi muscle
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associated with the nose; it assists the nasalis in widening the nasal aperture
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procerus muscle
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associated with the nose; it depresses the eyebrows in a medial direction; with nasalis wrinkles the skin over the dorsum of nose (conveys disdain or dislike)
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zygomaticus major muscle
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it lifts the corners of the mouth;
ORIGIN: lateral aspect of zygomatic bone; INSERTION: angle of the mouth |
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zygomaticus minor muscle
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it lifts the upper lip;
ORIGIN: anterior aspect of zygomatic bone; INSERTION: skin of upper lip |
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levator labii superioris muscle
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it lifts the upper lip;
ORIGIN: infraorbital margin of maxilla; INSERTION: skin of upper lip |
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levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle
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it lifts the upper lip and dilates the nares;
ORIGIN: frontal process of maxilla; INSERTION: major alar cartilage; skin of upper lip |
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levator anguli oris muscle (sometimes called the caninus)
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it elevates the corner of the mouth; widens the oral fissure (grinning/grimacing);
ORIGIN: infraorbital maxilla; INSERTION: angle of the mouth |
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quadratus labii superioris
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a 4 sided mass formed by these muscles (elevators of the lip) as they enter the lip
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Depressor anguli oris muscle
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it depresses the corner of the mouth (frowning/sadness);
ORIGIN: anterolateral base of the mandible; INSERTION: angle of the mouth |
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Depressor labii inferioris muscle
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it depresses the lower lip (pouting/sadness);
ORIGIN: Platysma and anterolateral body of the mandible; INSERTION: skin of lower lip |
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Orbicularis oris muscle
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it closes the lips and its various fibers can protrude the lips, or compress the lips against the teeth;
ORIGIN: medial maxilla and mandible; perioral skin; angle of mouth (modiolus); INSERTION: mucous membrane of the lips |
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Mentalis muscle
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it raises and protrudes the lower lip, and wrinkles the skin of the chin;
ORIGIN: body of mandible; INSERTION: skin of chin |
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Risorius muscle
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it pulls the corner of the mouth laterally (highly variable may not be present in some individuals);
ORIGIN: parotid fascia and buccal skin; INSERTION: angle of mouth |
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Buccinator muscle
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it compresses the cheeks against the teeth; works w/ tongue to keep food between occlusal surfaces and out of oral vestibule;
ORIGIN: mandible, alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible; pterygomandibular raphe; INSERTION: angle of mouth; orbicularis oris |
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Platysma muscle
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it depresses the lower lip and the corners of the mouth, and it depresses the mandible (conveys tension/stress);
ORIGIN: subcutaneous tissue of infraclavicular and supraclavicular regions; INSERTION: base of mandible; skin of cheek and lower lip; angle of mouth (modiolus); orbicularis oris |
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Superficial muscle of the neck
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platysma muscle (see above)
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Labial modiolus
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moveable center that concentrates the force of contraction of these muscles at the corner of the mouth, enhancing facial movements in the area. Muscle fibers will interdigitate with the fibers of the orbicularis oris (Dimples). The modiolus plays an important role in the alignment of anterior teeth, providing gentle, continuous pressure to keep the anterior teeth from pointing outward.
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Muscles important in denture stability
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Buccinators;
Incisive part of the orbicularis oris muscle; Mentalis; Depressor septi muscle; Alar part of nasalis |
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Bell's Palsy is due to impairment of what nerve?
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Facial nerve
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Major characteristics/symptoms of Bell's Palsy
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1. Facial asymmetry.;
2. Sagging corner of the mouth, which can lead to food and saliva collection, difficulty in chewing and drinking; 3. Inability to whistle; inability to produce labial sounds; 4. Cannot completely close the eye on the affected side; lower lid droops, can result in corneal injury; 5. Difficulty in raising the eyebrow on the affected side.; 6. Cannot wrinkle the forehead on the affected side. |
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Facial lacerations tend to...
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gape because there is no deep fascia and only loose connective tissue
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Lines and wrinkles
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appear w/ age;
1. Langer lines-run perpendicular to muscles; 2. Incisions along these lines heal w/ less scarring |