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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ilium means what in Greek?
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flank
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What two or three muscles are referred to as the iliopsoas?
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Iliacus
Psoas Major Psoas Minor (40% people have) |
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A tight iliopsoas can play a significant role in what two back conditions?
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lordosis (low back pain?)
scoliosis (curvature of the spine) |
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Psoas Major ORIGIN=
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T12-L5 (TP, disks, and bodies)
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Psoas Major INSERTION=
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lesser trochanter of femur
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Actions of Psoas Major?
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hip: flexion (uni- or bilateral)
Unilateral contraction: hip: lateral rotation Bilateral contraction: vertebral column: flexion pelvis: anterior tilt (i.e. to tilt pelvic bowl to the front) |
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Which muscle is the strongest hip flexor of all?
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Psoas Major
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Iliacus ORIGINS=
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iliac fossa
AIIS |
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Iliacus INSERTION=
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lesser trochanter of hip
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Iliacus actions?
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hip: flexion, lateral rotation
pelvis: anterior tilt pelvic "bowl" |
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What nerve innervates the Iliacus?
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femoral nerve
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Which nerve innervates the Psoas Major?
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lumbar plexus
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Name the six deep hip lateral rotators:
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Piriformis
Obturator Internus Obturator Externus Quadratus Femoris Gemellus Superior Gemellus Inferior |
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What is a useful mnemonic phrase to remember the six deep hip lateral rotators?
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"Pieced goods often go on quilts"
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Are the deep hip lateral rotators antagonists to one another?
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No, they are synergists.
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What is the common insertion point on the femur for all the deep lateral hip rotators?
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Greater trochanter
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Which are stronger, the hip lateral or medial rotators, and what is evidence of this?
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Lateral hip rotators are stronger, as a group, as seen by the foot turned slightly outward in walking or lying down.
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Name the largest of the lateral hip rotators, which may be in spasm if one or more feet are in a ducklike position:
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Piriformis
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Pirim + forma = what? (Greek)
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pear-shaped
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Piriformis ORIGIN=
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anterior sacrum
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The nerve that innervates the Piriformis and runs through this muscle in 15% of people:
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sciatic nerve
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What action does the Piriformis perform besides hip rotation?
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hip: aBduction
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Which four lateral hip rotators are occasionally absent in the body?
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Gemellus Superior
Gemellus Inferior Obturator Externus Quadratus Femoris |
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Translate "Gemellus Superus" and "Inferus" from Latin:
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twin + upper + beneath
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Name the ORIGIN and INSERTION of Gemellus Superior:
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ischial spine
greater trochanter |
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Which muscle runs from the front side of the sacrum past the posterior ilium and inserts on the greater trochanter?
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Piriformis
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Which muscle runs from the ischial spine and inserts on the greater trochanter?
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Gemellus Superior
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Which muscle runs from the superior ischial tuberosity and inserts on the greater trochanter?
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Gemellus Inferior
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What nerve innervates the "Twins"?
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sciatic nerve innervates Gemellus Superior and Inferior
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Which muscle passes through and almost fills the lesser sciatic notch?
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Obturator Internus
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Which Obturator muscle can be seen more fully from an anterior dissection view?
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Obturator Externus
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Obturator Externus ORIGINS (4):
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obturator membrane
pubis: superior ramus pubis: inferior ramus pubis: ischial ramus |
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Which nerve innervates the Obturator Externus?
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obturator nerve
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Which nerve innervates the Obturator Internus?
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sciatic nerve
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"Obturare" is Latin for what?
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to obstruct
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Which two lateral hip rotators are mainly proprioceptors?
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Obturators
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Obturator Internus ORIGINS=
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obturator membrane
ilium: obturator margin |
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Quadratus Femoris is occasionally absent or fused with which adductor?
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Adductor Magnus
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Quadratus Femoris ORIGIN=
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ischium: lateral ischial tuberosity
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Name the five lateral hip rotator muscles in order superior to inferior (w/o Obturator Externus)
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Piriformis
Superior Gemellus Obturator Internus Inferior Gamellus Quadratus Femoris |
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Gluteus Maximus is the strongest muscle at doing what?
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hip: extension
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What muscle is known as the "fascial tube around the thigh"?
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Tensor Fascia Lata
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Gluteus Maximus 3 ORIGINS=
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sacrum: posterior
coccyx: posterior ilium: posterior crest and superior gluteal line (or posterior to posterior line) |
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Gluteus Maximus INSERTION=
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femur: gluteal tuberosity (25% of it)
IT band (75% of it) |
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Name four actions of the Gluteus Maximus
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hip: extension
hip: lateral rotation hip: aDDuction pelvis: posterior tilt |
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Which nerve innervates the Gluteus Maximus?
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inferior gluteal nerve
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Which nerve innervates the Gluteus Medius and Minimis?
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superior gluteal nerve
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Gluteus Medius ORIGIN=
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ilium only: just beneath the crest
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Gluteus Medius INSERTION=
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femur: greater trochanter
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4 actions of the Gluteus Medius?
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hip: aBduction
hip: medial rotation hip: lateral rotation pelvis: anterior rotation (lift AIIS) |
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Gluteus Minimis ORIGIN=
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ilium only: below crest, inferior to other two glutes' origins
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Gluteus Minimis INSERTION=
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greater trochanter
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Gluteus Minimis actions?
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hip: aBduction
hip: medial rotation pelvis: anterior rotation (lift AIIS) |
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Which muscle is the synergist to the Gluteus Medius, and a relatively weak hip abductor?
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Gluteus Minimis
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Which nerve supplies the Gluteus Minimis?
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superior gluteal nerve
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What is the connective tissue called that wraps around the thigh?
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fascia lata
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What is the muscle that tenses the CT around the thigh and what are its other actions?
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The Tensor Fascia Lata acts on the hip in three ways:
hip: flexion hip: aBduction hip: medial rotation |
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What nerve innervates the TFL?
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gluteal nerve
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"tensor" + "fascia" + "lata" means what in Latin?
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stretching + band + broad
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What is the Quadriceps Femoris?
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The Quadriceps Femoris is a group of four anterior thigh muscle heads (or individual muscles) sharing a common insertion on the tibia. It includes the Rectus Femoris and three Vasti muscles.
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Rectus Femoris and the three Vasti are collectively known as what muscle?
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Quadriceps Femoris
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The Rectus Femoris runs in a channel formed by what muscles? Which does it overlie?
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Vastus muscles: Intermedius, Medialis and Lateralis. The Rectus Femoris overlies the Vastus Intermedius.
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Which "quad" crosses the hip joint and has several actions? What are the actions?
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Rectus Femoris (straight femur):
hip: flexion knee: extension pelvis: anterior tilt (spill forward) |
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Which nerve innervates the Quadriceps Femoris?
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femoral nerve innervates the entire QF
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Where does the Rectus Femoris originate? (One origin is just superior to what structure?)
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ilium: AIIS, two spots, (one is just superior to the acetabulum)
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Rectus Femoris INSERTION=
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tibia: tibial tuberosity (via patellar tendon)
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Vastus Intermedius ORIGIN=
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femur: anterior lateral shaft
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Vastus Intermedius actions?
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knee: extension
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Vastus Medialis actions?
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knee: extension
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Which thigh muscle is sometimes called the "teardrop" or "raindrop" muscle? Why?
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The Vastus Medialis is sometimes called the "teardrop" because of the way it appears when outlined by Sartorius and Rectus Femoris.
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Vastus Lateralis ORIGIN(s)=
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linea aspera (lateral lip)
gluteal tuberosity |
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Sartorius nickname?
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"tailor's muscle" because this muscle is involved with many actions of sitting cross-legged like a tailor
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What is the longest muscle in the body?
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Sartorius
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Name five actions of the Sartorius
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hip: flexion
hip: lateral rotation hip: aBduction knee: flexion knee: medially rotation (flexed) |
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What nerve innervates the Sartorius?
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femoral nerve
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Name the Hamstrings muscles:
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BMT:
Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus |
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Do all the "hamstrings" share a collective origin or insertion?
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Neither.
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"Semis" + "membrana" means what in Latin?
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half + membrane
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M&M is a mnemonic to remember what?
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Semimembranosis is the most medial hamstring muscle
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Which muscle lies on top, the Semimembranosus or the Semitendinosus? How to remember this is:
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Semitendinosus lies superior.
It has a T as in "on TOP" |
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Semimembranosus actions=
and INSERTION= |
knee: flexion
lower leg: medial rotation (w/ flexed knee) hip: extension hip: medial rotation pelvis: posterior tilt (spills back) INSERTS at the medial condyle of the tibia (posterior surface) |
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Semitendinosus actions (5)=
and INSERTION= |
knee: flexion
lower leg: medial rotation (w/ flexed knee) hip: extension hip: medial rotation (coxal joint) pelvis: posterior tilt (spills back) INSERTS at the pes anserinus (medial proximal tibial shaft) |
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5 Biceps Femoris actions=
and 1 INSERTION= |
knee: flexion
lower leg: lateral rotation (w/ flexed knee) hip: extension hip: lateral rotation pelvis: posterior tilt (spills back) INSERTS at the fibular head |
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Long head ORIGIN of Biceps Femoris=
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ischium: ischial tuberosity
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Short head ORIGIN of Biceps Femoris=
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femur: linea aspera
femur: lower lateral lip |
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What nerve innervates the Biceps Femoris?
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sciatic nerve
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Which part of the Biceps Femoris may be absent (rarely)?
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short head
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Name five hip Adductors:
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Gracilis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus |
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What is the joint that the Adductors of the thigh act upon? Where are they located (general location)?
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The adductors of the thigh bring the thigh toward the midline by adducting the hip joint. They are located in the inner thigh.
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The adductors all have their origins on what structure?
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pubis
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Gracilis ORIGIN=
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inferior pubic ramus
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Gracilis INSERTION=
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tibia: pen anserinus (medial proximal tibial shaft)
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Gracilis actions (4):
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hip: adduction
hip: flexion knee: flexion knee: medial rotation when knee is flexed |
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"Gracilis" in Latin means what?
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slender
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Which nerve innervates the Gracilis?
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obturator
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The femoral shaft and Gracilis form what shape?
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The letter "V"
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Which muscle lies deep to the hamstrings?
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Adductor Magnus
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Adductor Magnus has origins on what two bones? What are the ORIGINS?
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ischium: ischial tuberosity and ischial ramus
pubis: inferior ramus |
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Adductor Magnus INSERTION=
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femur: linea aspera
femur: adductor tubercle |
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What two nerves innervate the Adductor Magnus?
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sciatic and obturator
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Which adductor has two sections?
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Adductor Magnus has two sections: one inserts on the linea aspera and one inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur.
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Where is the "adductor hiatus" and what two structures pass through it?
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The "adductor hiatus" lies between the two sections of the Adductor Magnus and is a passage for the femoral artery and vein.
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Adductor Longus ORIGIN=
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pubis: anterior pubic body
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Adductor Longus INSERTION=
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middle third of the linea aspera
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Adductor Longus action?
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hip: adduction
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What nerve innnervates the Adductor Longus?
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obturator nerve
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Adductor Brevis actions?
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hip: adduction and possibly medial rotation
|
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Adductor Brevis ORIGIN=
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pubis: inferior pubic ramus
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Adductor Brevis INSERTION=
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femur: proximal 1/3 linea aspera
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Pectineus ORIGIN=
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superior pubic ramus
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Pectineus INSERTION=
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femur: linea aspera (medial lip, inferior to the lesser trochanter)
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Pectineus action(s)=
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hip: flexion
hip: adduction |
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What nerve innervates the Pectineus?
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femoral nerve
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What muscle group includes the Pectineus and Gracilis?
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hip adductors
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Which muscle is often considered an extension of the Iliopsoas muscle and why?
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Pectineus because of its insertion (linea aspera, inferior to lesser trochanter where Iliopsoas inserts) and shared action of hip flexion.
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"pes" + "anser" means what?
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"goose foot"
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What is the pes anserinus? What mnemonic can be used to remember the muscles here?
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The tendonous expansions of:
Sartorius Gracilis Semi(T)endinosus inserting at the medial proximal tibial shaft "Say Grace (before) Tea" |
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What important vascular structure may superficially cross or lie medial to the Pectineus?
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femoral artery
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Popliteus ORIGIN=
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femur: lateral condyle
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Popliteus INSERTION=
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tibia: posterior proximal shaft
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Popliteus actions:
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knee: flexion
knee: medial rotation (when knee is flexed) |
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What nerve innervates the Popliteus?
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tibial nerve
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Is the Popliteus a strong knee flexor?
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No
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Which muscle is known as "the key that unlocks the knee" and why?
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Popliteus unlocks the extended knee to bring flexion and so it is vital to the other stronger knee flexors.
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Which 8 muscles can flex the hip? Hint:
Quads (1) Adductors (3) Other (4) |
Psoas Major
Rectus Femoris Pectineus Iliacus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Sartorius Tensor Fascia Lata |
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Which 5 muscles can extend the hip?
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Gluteus Maximus
Adductor Magnus Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus |
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What are three main muscles that can rotate the hip medially?
|
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimis Tensor Fascia Lata and: Adductor Longus, Brevis, Magnus, Pectineus, Gracilis |
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What are 11 muscles that laterally rotate the hip from these groups:
-deep lateral hip rotators -hamstrings -glutes -extra hip flexors (3) |
Piriformis
Gamellus Superior Obturator Internus Gamellus Inferior Obturator Externus Quadratus Femoris Sartorius Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Psoas Major Iliacus |
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What muscles aBduct the hip?
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Gluteus Medius and Minimis
Piriformis (when hip is flexed) |
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What six muscles can adduct the hip?
|
Gluteus Maximus
Adductor Magnus - Longus - Brevis Pectineus Gracilis |
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What muscles can extend the knee?
|
The four Quadriceps:
Rectus Femoris Vasti (Medialis - Intermedialis - Lateralis) |
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What muscles can flex the knee of these groups:
posterior thigh (3) anterior thigh (2) leg (3) |
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Sartorius Gracilis Popliteus Gastrocnemius Plantaris |
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What can this mnemonic remind me of:
"Grace Adds 3 Pieces"? |
Gracilis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus These are all hip adductors. |