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408 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A physician treats disorders of cardiac muscles
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Cardiologist
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physician specializes in the misalignment of spine
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Chiropractor
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degree of Chiropractor
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DC
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physician treats paralysis and similar muscular disorders loss of function
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Neurologist
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physician diagnosis treatment bones joints and muscles
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Orthopedic Surgeon
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study of making and fitting of orthopedic appliances
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orthotics
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physician manipulates the positions of bones
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Osteopathic physician
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degree of Osteopathic physician
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DO
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physician specializes in didagnosis and treatment of foot
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podiatrist
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degrees of podiatrist
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DPM Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DP Coctor of Podiatry
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physician specializes in diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic diseases
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Rheumatologist
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general term for variety of acute and chronic conditions inflammation and deterioration of connective tissues
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rheumatism
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physician treats sports related injuries of bones, joints and muscles
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Sports Medicine
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how many muscles are there?
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more than 650
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how much do muscles and tendons weigh?
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more than half of the person's weight
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what are the muscles connected to the bone with
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tendons
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what do tendons do
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muscles pull on bones
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bones are fastened to other bones by fibrous straps called
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ligaments
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ligaments wrap around what
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joints
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what is flexible rubbery substance that supports bones and protects them where they rub
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cartilage
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what forms the musculoskeletal system
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bones muscles tendons and ligaments
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name the muscles
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skeletal smooth and cardiac
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where are skeletal muscles?
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attached to bone in lgs arms abdomen chest neck and face
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skeletal muscles are?
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striated
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why are they called stiated
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made up fibers that have horizontal stripes
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what do the skeletal muscles do?
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hod the skeleton together give body shape and help it with everyday movements
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what do skeletal muscles do?
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contract shorten or tighten quickly and powerfully
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what are skeletal muscles known as?
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voluntary muscles
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describe smooth muscles
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look smooth we can't consciously control they are controlled by the nervous system automatically
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where are smooth muscles
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walls of stomach and intestines help break up food
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where else is smooth muscle?
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in walls of blood vessels
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what does it do there?
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squeezses blood through vessels and helps maintain blood pressure
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describe the contraction
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take longer to contract than skeletal muscles but can stay contracted for a long time don't tire easily
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what comprises the largest single organ of the body
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skeletal muscle
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how much of the body is made up of skeletal muscle
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40%
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how do muscles work
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in pairs
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muscles arise on one bone then what
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atach to another bonew cross a joint
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when one muscle contracts the opposite what?
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relaxes which allows a joint to bend
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skeletal muscles have an abundant what?
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blood vessels and nerves directly related to primary function of contraction
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skeletal muscles are under control of ?
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peripheral portion of central nervous system voluntary control conscious
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where is cardiac muscle found?
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in heart
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what are composed of muscle fibers
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ventriclers and atria
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contractions that force blood out of heart produces ?
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heartbeat
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joints are classified how
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by how much the bones they connect can move against one another
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which joints don't move
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immovable or fibrous joints
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what is between edges of plates in skull?
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fibrous joints fibrous tissue
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where else are fibrous joints?
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hold teeth in jawbone
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back
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dors/o dorsal
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electrical
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electr/o
electromyogram |
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fiber
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fibr/o
fibroma |
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muscle
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my/o myalgia
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development
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troph/o dystrophy
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two double
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bi- biceps
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three
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tri-
triceps |
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inflammation
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-itis
myositis |
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what are ligaments?
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strong connective tissues connect bone to bone form joints
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why are ligaments important in joint stability?
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hold bones in joint together
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describe ligaments
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more elastic fibers than tendons more stretchy
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what is a fluid filled sac what does it do
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bursa help cushion joint found between bones ligaments
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what is a bursa filled with?
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synovial fluid
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another name for joint
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articulation
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what is a joint
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where two bones come together
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how many joints are there?
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over 100
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most joints are movable which aren't
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sutures between cranial bones
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what are movable joints called
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synovial joints
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what are they characterized by
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presence of a closed space or cavity
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what is it called between bones
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synovial cavity
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what is a joint lubricating substance
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synovial fluid
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where is synovial fluid produced
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by the membranes
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what do knee joints contain
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discs of cartilage
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another name for these discs of cartilage
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menisci
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what do menisci act as
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swabs to spread synovial fluid into joint help to stabilize joint
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what usually tears in contact sports?
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menisci knee cartilages
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singular form of menisci
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meniscus
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some synovial movable joints
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ball and socket
condyloid saddle pivot hinge gliding |
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ball and socket
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shoulder and hip
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condyloid
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hands fingers feet toes
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saddle
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thumb only
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pivot
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vetebral column
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hinge
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elbow and knee
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gliding
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wrist and ankle
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compound joint between 1st and 2nd vertabrae atlas and axis bones
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atlantoaxial joint
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articulation between sternum and manubrium
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manubriosternal joint
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stretches and increases tension on the vocal ligaments between cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage
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cricothyroid joint
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located between sternum and ribs
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sternocostal joints
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The joint that opens and closes your mouth
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temporomandibular joint TMJ
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between lenticular process and head of stapes ear cartilaginous young bony adults
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incudostapedial joint
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saddle shaped in ear between anvil and stirrup
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incudomalleolar
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joint occurs between facets of interior and superior articular processes of adjacent vertebra
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zygapophyseal joint
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what do the cranial sutures do?
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skull makde of five bones held togethr by fibrous material sutures remain open while growing to give brain room to grow in all directions
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what happens if one or more closes or fuses before the brain has finished growing?
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craniosynostosis occurs (synostosis cranial stenosis)
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what happens to the head if craniosynostosis occurs
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brain will grow where there is no pressure and result ina misshapen head or face
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suture on top of head extending from soft spot to back of head
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sagittal suture
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how does the brain grow
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forced to grow forwanrd and bakward
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what is the condition known as when the sagittal suture stops growing
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scaphocephaly
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which suture is on the side of head from soft spot to in front of ear
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coronal
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premature closure leads to what condition
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anterior plagiocephaly
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what will the head look like with anterior plagiocephaly
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forehead to flatten on affected side elevation of eye socket deviated nose and slanted skull
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what is elevatioon of eye socket known as
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vertical dystopia
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which suture is located between soft spot and root of nose
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metopic suture
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what is early closure of suture called
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trigonocephaly
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what does trygonocephaly look like?
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pointed foreheads midline ridge triangularly shaped skull and eyes too close together
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when eyes are too close together what is it called?
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hypoteleroism
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least common premature closing leads to flattening of back of head protrusion of mastoid bone lowering of ear skull tilt sideways
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lambdoidal
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what is the condition called for lambdoidal premature closing
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posterior plagiocephalus
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ligament superior to inferior along surfasesa of vertebral
bodies directly posterior to thoracic and abdominal viscera |
anterior longitudinal ligament
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connects pinous processes of two adjacent vertabra a syndesmosis
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interspinous ligament
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elastic fibers joins laminae of adjacent vertebrae yellow paired penetrated for spinal taps
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ligamenta flava
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extends posteriorly from base of skull to 7th cervical vertebraprovides muscle attachments to cervical spoinous processes
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nuchal ligament
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not penetrated by spinal tap broader at intrvertebral disks and narrow at vertebral bodies scalloped edge
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posterior longitudinal ligament
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begins at c7 vertebrae and ends at midsacral ssegmental olevel muscle attachment site connects tips of spinous processes thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
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supraspinous ligament
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encircles head of radius provides restraint against distal dislocation of radius
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annular ligament
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connects coracoid process to acromion of scapula support for head of humerus
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coracoacromial ligaments
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2 parts connects uper surface of coracoid process to under surfac of clavicle
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coracoclavicular ligament
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what are the names of the 2 parts?
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posteromedialpart conoid ligament and trapezoid ligament
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attaches to clavicle to the first rib strong sternoclavicular joint that seldom dislocates
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costoclavicular ligament
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connects the humerus to scapula
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glenohumeral ligament inferior
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connects the humerus to scapula
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glenohumeral ligament middle
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humerus to scapula
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glenohumeral ligament superior
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connect carpal bones prevent excessive movement of snoviasl polane joints
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intercarpal ligaments dorsal
intercapal ligaments palmar |
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cartilage caps medial end of rib
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costal cartilage
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connect costal cartilages of ribs 1-7 with sternum
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radiate sternocostal ligaments
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connects anterior superior iliac spine with pubic tubercle Poupart's ligament
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inguinal ligament
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connects thepubic tubercle with pecten of pubis
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lacunar ligament
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thickening of fascia on the pecten of pubis cooper's ligamenet in breast too
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pectineal ligament
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superior to inferior suracesa of vetebral bodies
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anterior longitudinal ligament
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attached to spenoid bone to mandibular foramen
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sphenomandibular ligament
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from styloid process of temporal bone to ramus of mandible
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stylomandibular ligament
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broad and thin membranous bands from front and back of sternal ends of cartilages of true ribs to sternum
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radiate sternocostal ligaments
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the gliding joint formed by the outer extremity of the clavicle and the inner margin of the acromion process of scapula
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acromioclavicular joint
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between the distal end of radius and proximal row of carpal bones
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wrist joint radiocarpal joint
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ginglymoid joint ginglymus hinge joint
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interphalangeal joint between phalanges of fingers or toes
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clavicle connects to the sternum in the middle of chest at top
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sterno clavicular joint
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joint cconnecting arm with the torso shoulder rotator cuff
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glenohumeral joint
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where the radius and ulna connects
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radioulna joint
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cubital joint compound hinge joint between humerus and bones of forearm
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elbow
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wrist
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radio carpal joint
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between coracoid process and clavicle
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coracoclavicular joint
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synovial joint between poximal and distal rows of carpal bones
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midcarpal joint
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connects trapezium with metacarpal of thumb flexion/extensin fingers
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carpometacarpal joint
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connects metacarpal head to proximal phalanx
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metacapophalangeal joints
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Name some ligaments upper region
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stylomandibular
radiate sternocostal inguinal lacunar pectineal spenomandibular stylomandibular anterior logitudinal |
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some ligaments thoracic region
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interspinous
nuchal supraspinous annular coracoclavicular coracoacromial costoclavicular glenohumoral superior inferior middle |
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encircles radius holds radius and ulna- ligament
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annular
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ligament reinforces capsule of sternoclavicular joint
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interclavicular ligament
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ligament that connects coracoid process to the acromion of the scapula
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coracoacromial ligament
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fibrous membrane that connects the interosseous borders on the shafts of the radius and the ulna
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interosseous membrane forearm
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ligament that connects the upper surface of the coracoid process to the under surface of the clavicle
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coracoclavicular ligament
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ligament spanning the lateral side of the elbow joint
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radial collateral ligament, elbow or wrist
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ligament that attaches the clavicle to the first rib
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costoclavicular ligament
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ligament that reinforces the capsule of the sternoclavicular joint
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sternoclavicular ligament
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ligament that connects the metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5 on their palmar surface
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transverse metacarpal ligament, deep
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ligamnt that spans the suprascapular notch of the scapula
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transverse scapular ligament, superior
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ligament that reinforces articular casule on medial side of wrist
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ulnar collateral ligament, wrist
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ligament connects the humerus to scapula
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glenohumeral ligament, inferior middle superior
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articulation between distal tibia medial malleolus
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ankle joint
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articulation between head of metatarsal and base of phalanx
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metatarsophalangeal joint Bunion
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articultion between patella and femur
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patellofemoral
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articulation between os coxae and head of femur
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hip joint
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articulations betweendistal row of tarsal bones and and proximal ends of metatarsal bones
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tarsometatarsal joints
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articuolation between femoral condyles and tibial condyles
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knee joint
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iliac spine to femoral
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iliofemoral joint
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articulation beween ala of sacurm and auricular surface of ilium
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sacroiliac joint
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articulations between proximal and middle phalanges
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interphalangeal joints
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articulations bewtween distal row of tarsal bones and proximal ends of metatarsal bones
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glding tarsometatarsal joints
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fibrocartilage rim around the acetabulum
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acebabular labrum
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ligament connects plantar surface of clacaneus cuboid and bases of 3 metatarsal bones
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long plantar
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arch passes from calcaneus to talus to navicular to cueiforms to metatarsal
|
longitudinal arch of foot
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ligament connects calcaneus with cuboid on thir plantar surfaces
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plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
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ligament connecting posterior aspect of intercondylar eminence with lateral of medial femoral condyle
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anterior cruciate
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ligament of knee joint connecting the medial epicondyle of femur with medial condyle of tibia
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tibial collateral
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ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with sustentaculum tali
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tibiocalcaneal ligament
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part of deltoid ligment connecting medial malleolus of tibia with the navicular reinforces ankle joint
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tibionavicular
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circularly oriented ligamentous fibers reinforce capsule of hip joint hod head of femur in acetabulum
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zona orbicularis
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reinforces ankle joint ligament connects lateral malleolus of fibula with talus
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anterior talofibular ligament
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ligament connects distal ends of tibia and fibula anteriorly
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anterior tibiofibular
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part of deltid ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with talus
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anterior tibiotalar ligament
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reinforces ankle joint ligament connects lateral malleolus of fiula with calcaneus
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calcaneofibular ligament
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reinforces ankle joint shape of greek letter delta 4 parts connecting malleolus of tibia talus navicular and calcaneus
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deltoid ligament
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collateral ligament of knee connects lateral epicondyle of femur with head of fibula
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fibular collateral ligament
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like an inverted Y connects anterior inferior iliac spine to anterior capsule of hip joint known as libament of Bigelow
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iliofemoral ligament
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connects articular capsule of hip joint ischium to posterior femoral neck
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ischiofemoral ligament
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known as spring ligament complex set of intertarsal gliding synovial joints supports longitudinal arch of foot
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calcaneonavicular ligament
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connecting posterior aspecto of intercondylar eminence with lateral surface of medial femoral cndyle
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posterior cruciate ligament
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ligament connects lateral malleolus of fibula with talus reinforces ankle
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posterior talofibular ligament
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connects distal end s of tibia and fibula posteriorly
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posterior tibiofibular ligament
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part of deltoid ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with talus reinforces ankle
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posterior tibiotalar ligament
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connects pubic portion of rim of bony acetabulum to femoral neck
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pubofemoral ligament
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reinforces the medial surface of articular capsule of knee attached to medial meniscus
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tibial collateral ligament
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part of deltoid ligament connecting medial malleolus of tibia with sustentaculum tali reinforces ankle joint
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tibiocalcaneal ligament
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ligament spans acetabular notch near the rim of acetaulum
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acetabular ligament
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bursa between patellar ligament and tibia reduces friction
|
infrapatellar bursa deep
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subcutaneous bursa overlying the patellar ligament
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infrapatellar bursa superficial
|
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intra-articular disc within the knee joint located between lateral femoral condyle an d tibial condyle
|
lateral meniscus
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fibrocartilage intra-articular disc within the knee joint
|
medial meniscus
|
|
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subcutaneous busa overlying the patella synovial membrane inflammation housemaid's knee prepatellar bursitis
|
prepatellar bursa
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superior extension of synovial memebrane of knee joint reduces friction; between quadriceps femoris tendon and femur
|
suprapatellar bursa
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muscle type associated with skeletal movement
|
skeletal muscle
|
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comprises the largest single organ of the body
|
skeletal muscle
|
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|
40% of body made of
|
skeletal muscle
|
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How many different muscles are there?
|
over 650
|
|
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How do skeletal muscles work?
|
in pairs to produce movement
|
|
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Describe how muscles are connected to body
|
muscles arise on one bone and attach to another bone
|
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what must they cross
|
a joint
|
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when one muscle contracts what happens
|
its opposite relaxes,which allows a joint to bend
|
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skeletal muscles have an abundant suply of what
|
blood vessels and nerves
|
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what is the primary function of skeletal muscle
|
contraction
|
|
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skeletal muscles are under the control of what
|
peripheral portion of the central nervous system voluntary control
|
|
|
gluteus maximus
|
large
|
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gluteus minumus
|
small
|
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adductor longus
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long
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adductor brevis
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short
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deltoid
|
triangle
|
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rhombideus
|
rhomboid quadrangular
|
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sternocleidomastoid
|
neck area jugular
|
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spinalis thoracis
|
spine and thorax
|
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subcapularis
|
rotary cuff location these 3
|
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rectus abdominis
|
straight
|
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superior oblique
|
slanted
|
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transverse abdominus
|
crosswise direction of muscle fibers these 3
|
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What are Action muscles
|
abductor adductor extensor flexor
|
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number of origins
|
biceps 2
triceps 3 |
|
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ligaments connect what
|
bone to bone
|
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|
tendons are what
|
tissues that connect muscle to bone
|
|
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Do tendons have elasticity?
|
no
|
|
|
what areflattened or ribbon-shaped tendons
|
aponeuroses
|
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describe aponeuroses
|
occur in sheets, are pearly white, glistening and similar to tendons
|
|
|
describe tendons and aponeuroses
|
connected on one side with muscles and movable structures on the other side
|
|
|
what movable structures
|
bones and cartilage
|
|
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where do tendons grow out of?
|
muscle
|
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How are tendons named?
|
by thier sponsoring muscle
|
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|
primary function of skeletal muscles
|
contraction
|
|
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skeletal mucsle is under ____ control
|
conscious
|
|
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muscles must cross
|
a joint
|
|
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decreases the angle of a joint as in bending hinge joints
|
flexion
|
|
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opposite of flexion movement increases thew angle of joint
|
Extension
|
|
|
movement away from midline of body
(abducted run away!) |
abduction
|
|
|
movement toward bidline of body
|
adduction (add with your fingers bring toward body)
|
|
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movement of bone around a longitudinal axis
|
rotation
|
|
|
example of rotation
|
ball and socket joint
|
|
|
moving the limb forms a cone or circle
|
circumduction
|
|
|
example of circumduction
|
arms legs and fingers
|
|
|
rotating palm downward
|
pronation
|
|
|
rotating palm upward
|
supination
|
|
|
turning sole of foot inward
|
inversion
|
|
|
turning sole of foot outward
|
eversion
|
|
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pointing foot upward
|
dorsiblexion
|
|
|
pointing the foot downward
|
plantar flexion
|
|
|
when muscles contract across joints what movements are initated
|
voluntary movements
|
|
|
partially movable joints
|
spine
|
|
|
another name for freely movable joints
|
synovial joints
|
|
|
how do synovial joints move
|
in many directions hips shoulders elbows knees wrists ankles
w |
|
|
involuntary muscdles are controlled by whatq
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deep within the brain and uper part of spinal cord
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another name for upper part of spinal cord
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brain stem
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voluntary muscles are regulated by what
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cerebral motor cortex above ear and cerebellum behind ear
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motor cortex on right side of brain controls muscles where
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on left side of body and vice versa
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example of flexor
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biceps
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example of extensors
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tricep
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what are the 3 types of moveable joints
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ball-and-socket hinge pivot
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describe hinge joints
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allow movement in one direction
knees and elbows |
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describe pivot joints
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rotating motion head side to side
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describe ball-and-socket
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forward backward rotating moves in all directions hips and shoulders
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joint inflammation pain and loss of movement
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arthritis
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cartilage in joints loses some of its ability to strectch and wears away grate against each other
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osteoarthiritis all ages
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body's immune system attacks cartilage in joints stiff painful deformed
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rheumatoid arthritis
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joint pain is always caused by arthritis
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false
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pain in one or more joints
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arthralgia
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degeneration of cartilagew a joint and growth of bone spurs over 45 years old
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osteoarthritis
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inflammation of bursa
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bursitis
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fluid filled sacs cushion and pad bony prominences allow muscles and tendons to movwe freely over bone
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bursa
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inherited disease affects voluntary muscles weaken and deteriorate
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Muscular Dystrophy
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common form in childhood absnoral gene carried on the X chromosome affects almost only boys
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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over-exercising a muscle
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tendonitis tendinitis
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how do you relieve tendonitis
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resting muscles
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what is a lioning of protective sheath covers tendons
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synovium
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inflammation of the tendon and sheath
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tenosynovitis
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cause of teosynovitis
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unknown, injuryk overuse strain or infection
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where does tenosynovitis occur
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mainly wrists hands and shoulder but any tendon site
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what is it called when wrist is affected
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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how can you get carpal tunnel syndrome
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repettitve motions likae typing
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describe CTS
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pressure exerted on median nerve at point where it passes through writst
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what does the median nerve do
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supplies sensation to the thumbo-side of palm thumb index finger middle finger and thumb-side of ring finger and movement to part of hand
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whearew dodes the nerve aenter
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between wrist bones carpal bonesand membrane holds bones together transverswe carpal ligament
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what is the space called
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carpal tunnel
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swelling causes what
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compression of nerve entrapment of naerve
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torn achilles tendon
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torn tendon connects calf muscles to heel
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sudden movement can tear fibers inside musclwe
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torn muscle
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jerky movements
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chorea
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chorea
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tics
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decrease in size and wasting of muscle tissue
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muscle atrophy
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another name for muscle aches
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myalgia
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how do you get myalgia
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overuse sometimes infecitous disease autoimnmnune disease parasitosis
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group of disorders characterized byprogressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle tissue inherited
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muscular dystrophy
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name some
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Becker's muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy limb-girdle musclular dystriophy Emeryo-Dreifuss MD myotonic dystrophy myotonia congenita |
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neuromuscular disorder characteriszed by variable weakness of voluntary muscles improves with rest and worsens with activity caused by abnormal immune response
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myasthenia gravis
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nerve impulse to initiate or sustain movement does not reach muscle cwells
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myastenia gravis
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immune cells target and attack body's own cells autoimmunae response
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myasthenia gravis
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antibodies attach to affected areas preventing muscle cwells from receiving chemical messages neurotransmitters from nerve cell
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myasthenia gravis
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inflammation or swelling of voluntary muscles caused by injury or infection
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myositis myitis
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rheumatic syndrome pain in fibrous tissues muscles tendons and other connective tissues painful muscles without weakness
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fibromyalgia
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inflammation soreness or pain on outside lateral side of upper arm near elbow partial tear of tendon fibers caused by repetitively twisting wrist or forearm
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tennis ellbow lateral epicondylitis
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facial pain in joints of lower jaw headaches popping sounds in jaw congenital arthritis fractures dislocations jaw or tooth grinding
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TMJ temporomandibular joint syndrome
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twisting or bending of joint into a position it was not designed to move
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sprain strain
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most commonly sprained joint
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ankle
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symptoms of sprain
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pain around joint swelling and bruising
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JRA
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juvilile rhuematoid arthritis
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what is hip joint replacement
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replace all or part of hip joint with an artificial device to restore joint movement
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loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease injury or surgical procedure
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ankylosis
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rheaumatoid arthritis of spine chronic involving ligaments and tendons causes spine to fuse
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ankylosing spondylitis
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pain in joint
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arthralgia
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any disease that affects joints
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arthropathy
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stiffness of joints
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arthrosclerosis
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inflammatory condition affecting joints
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arthritis
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heareditary disorder of cartilage and bone formation
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achondroplasia
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inflammation of bursa
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bursitis
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progressive disease with a degenerative arthritis in combination with a decreased pain perception or position sense
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Charcot's joint neurogenic arthropathy neuropathic osteoarthropathy
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slow growing benign tumor drived from cartilage cells
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chondroma
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softening of cartilage tissue
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chondromalacia
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softening of the articular cdartilaginous surface of kneecap
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chondromalacia patella
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malignant tumor of cartilage
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chondrosarcom
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hallux
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big toe
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valgue
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bent
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bunion abvnormal enlargement of joint at base of great toe
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hallux valgus
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dislocation
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luxation
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partial displacement of a bone from its joint
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subluxation
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bone is displaced from its proper position
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joint dislocation
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formation of uric acid crystals in joint as the result of excess uric acid in the blood arthritis
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gouty arthritis
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painful progressive arthritis characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone a articular surfaces
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osteoarthriitissss
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DJD
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degenerativae joint disease
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joint disease that may include intermittent attacks of arthritis
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pseudogout
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serious medical emergency that occurs when bacterial invasion of a joint causes inflammation and infecion
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septic arthritis
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rheumatoid arthritis names
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ankylosing spondylitis juvenile rheumatoid arthrits
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chronic autoimmune disorder affects synovial membranes inflamed painful joints deformities
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rheumatoid arthritis
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fusion of vertebral bodies causing stiffening of spine
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ankylosing spon dylitis
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RA affects children
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juvenile rheumatoid arthrits
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excision of joint
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arthrectomy
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surgical removal of bursa
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bursectomy
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use of bone graft to fuse joint surfaces
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srthrodesis
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surgical removal of bursa
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bursectomy
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surgical repair of cartilagew
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chondroplasty
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replaces diseased hip joint with a prosthesis
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hip joint replacement
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surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
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synovectomy
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inflammation of tendons of shoulder ball and socket joint humerus joins scapula shoulder blade rotator cuff holds head of humerus ionto scapula
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rotator cuff tendinitis
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disease of palmar fascia results in thickening and contracture which results in loss of function of fingers 4th and 5th diogits
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Dupuytren's contracture
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connective tissue disease inflammation and degeneration of muscles
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polymyositis
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muscular stiffness occurs at death
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rigor mortis
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contraciton of sternocleidomastoid muscle causes permanent rotation of head
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torticollis
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inflammation of voluntary skeletal muscles
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myositis ossificans
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ionvoluntary slow and twisting movements
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dystonia
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lack of muscle tone or strength
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atony
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disorder of brain shaking difficulty walking movement
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Parkoinson's disease
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muscle twitches
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fasciculations
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benign tumor of smooth muscle
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leiomyoma
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surgical reconstruction or replacement of joint
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arthroplasty
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TKR
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total knee replacement
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PKR
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partial knee replacement
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THR
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total hip replacement
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replacement of a worn or failed implant
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revision surgery
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viewing or performing surgery on a joint
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arthroscopy shoulder knee ankle elbow wrist
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where is synovial foluid
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joints bursae tendon sheaths
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series of tests performed on joint fluid to help diagnose and treat abnormalities
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synovial fluid analysis
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How do they obtain a synoviaol fluid sample
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needle is linserted into the knee between the joint space
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RICE
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rest ice compression elevation for sprains
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pressure should not be put on a sprained joint until
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one to sevewral weeks
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removal of a plug of tissue usually by a needle
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muscle biopsy
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surgery to release compressed median nerve cutting transverse carpal ligament
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carpal tunnel release
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test which measures strength of muscle cdontraction after electrical stimulation
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EMG electromyography
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blood test for presence of antibodies systemic luopus erythemoatosus
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ANA antinuclear antibody test
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sed rate blood test measures settling of blood in test tube for ionflammatory conditions ie rheumatoid arthritis
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ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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blood test measures antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
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rheumatoid factor
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blood test measures amount of calcium in blood
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serum calcium
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blood test measures CPK found in muscular disorders or abnormal iuscular conditions
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CPK seum creatine phosphokinase
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bolld test measuring amount of phosphorus in blood
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serum phosphorus
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blood test measuring amount of uric acid in blood found in gouty arthritis
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uric acid test
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inflammation of a joint
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arthritis
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articulation
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joint
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abnormal swelling of toe joint
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bunion
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inflammation of a bursa fluid filled sac prevents friction within jointw
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dbursitis
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conditrion pain and burning in fingers and hand
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carpal tunnel syndrom
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dense connective tissue supports and shapes auditory canal intervertebral disks
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cartilage
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pain originating in cartilage
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chondralgia
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inflammation of cartilage
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chondritis
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|
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softening of cartilage
|
chondromalacia
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|
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jerky stiff movements
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cogwheel rigidity
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displacement of bone from joint
|
dislocation
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soft spots in newborn skull
|
fontanel
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form of acute arthritis
|
gout
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|
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bacterioal disease transmitted by deer ticks muscle/joint pain
|
Lyme disease
|
|
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joint piermits great freedom and range of movement
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ball-and-socket
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heart muscle
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cardiac muscle
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rubbery material cushions and protects bones
|
cartilage
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hard tissue outer layers of bone
|
compact bonew
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|
muscle straightens joint or extends limb
|
extensor
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muscle brings two body parts closer together
|
flexor
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joint movement in one direction knee
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hinge joint
|
|
|
joint does not permit movement skull
|
immovable joint fibrous joint
|
|
|
POINT WHESRE TWO OR MORE BONES MEET
|
JOINT
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|
|
thick fibrous strap joins one bone to another
|
ligament
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|
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body tissues made of specialiszed muscle cells heart and other internal organs
|
muscles
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body system bones joints sligaments muscles and tendons
|
musculoskeletal system
|
|
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joint moves a little like spinal column
|
partially movable joint cartilaginous joint
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joint rotating motion
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pivot joint
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|
|
muscles work with bones of skeleton
|
skeletal muscles voluntary muscles
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|
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ionvoluntary muscles found in walls of intestines and blood vessels
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smooth muscles
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|
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cells in bone marrow produce blood cells
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stem cells
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|
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fluid found in synovial joint lubricates and protects joint
|
synovial fluid
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|
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strong cord composed of fibers of collagen attaches muscle to bone
|
tendon
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|
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tiny pieces of bonew found in cancellous bone
|
trabeculae
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