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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Three Types of Muscles |
-Skeletal -Smooth -Cardiac |
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Characteristics of skeletal muscles |
-Striated -Voluntary |
organization and control |
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Characteristics of smooth muscles |
-Non-striated -Involuntary -Visceral (inside) |
organization, control and location |
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Characteristics of cardiac muscles |
-Striated -Involuntary |
organization and control |
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Endomysium |
Covers muscle fibers |
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Fascicles |
Groups of muscle fibers |
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Perimysium |
Cover fascicles |
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Epimysium |
Covers the entire muscle |
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Fascia |
Connective tissue surrounding muscle and outside the epimysium and tendon |
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Tendon |
Epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium come together to attach the muscle to bone |
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Aponeurosis |
Flat sheets of tendon covering some muscles |
abs |
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Sarcolemma |
Cell membrane of a muscle cell |
Part of the cell |
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Sarcoplasm |
Cytoplasm of the muscle cell |
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) |
Network of tubules which store calcium |
Storage |
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T-tubules |
Allow electric impulses to get deeper into the cell |
Impulses |
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Cytoskeleton composition |
Made of Myofibrils |
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Myofibrils |
Made of myofilaments |
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Sarcomere |
Basic contractile units of the muscle cell |
Contraction |
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Composition of Thin Filaments |
-Actin -Troponin -Tropomyosin |
AT&T |
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Composition of Thick Filaments |
-Myosin |
Has a head |
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Elastin |
Elastic filaments that give muscle its elasticity |
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A band |
Segment running the whole length of the thick filament |
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I band |
From the Z disk to the edge of the thick filaments |
Gap (not actually a band) |
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M line |
Mid point of the bundles of thick filament (holds them together) |
Middle |
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Z disk |
Anchors the thin myofibrils |
Middle |
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H zone |
Middle region of the thick filament where they don't cross the thin filament |
Gap |
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Distal end of the motor neurone attaches to the.... |
Motor end plate of the sarcolemma |
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Neuromuscular Junction |
Distal end of the motor neurone attaches to the motor end plate of the sarcolemma |
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Acetylcholine |
A transmitter substance released at the neuromuscular junction |
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Efferent |
Away from the centre |
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Afferent |
Toward the centre
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Motor neurones are sent through this horn |
Anterior Horn |
SPAM |
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Sensory neurones are sent through this horn |
Posterior Horn |
SPAM |
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Anaerobic |
-Quick
-Inefficient - When O2 isn't available -glycolysis recharges 2 ADP |
4 things
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Aerobic Respiration |
-Efficient -Slower response -When O2 is available - Recharges 36 ADP |
4 things
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Glycolysis |
Break down of glucose into pyruvate molecules and releases energy |
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Oxygen Debt |
O2 depleted after exercise and needs to be repaid by heavy breathing |
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Myoglobin |
Gives muscles pink colour |
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Type I Fibres |
-Red -Aerobic -Slow twitch |
3 things |
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Type IIa Fibres |
-Red -Mix of an/aerobic -Slow and fast twitch |
3 things
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Type IIb Fibres |
-White -Anaerobic -Fast twitch |
3 things |
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Type II Fibers |
-Red and white -Can switch between IIa and IIb through training |
2 things
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2 types of isotonic contractions |
-Concentric -Eccentric |
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Type of isometric contraction |
Static Contraction |
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Concentric |
force of contraction > force of resistance |
concentrate |
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Eccentric |
force of contraction < resistance/force of movement |
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Static Contraction |
Force of contraction = force of movement |
= |
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Muscle Spindle |
Detect dynamic and static changes in muscle length |
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Agonist |
Stretch of muscle causes reflex contraction |
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Antagonist |
Stretch of muscle causes relaxation |
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Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) |
Monitors tension in muscles |
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Peristalsis |
Waves of contraction in smooth muscle |
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Cardiac Muscle |
Continuous contractile band around the chambers of the heart |
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