Muscles

Front 1

Frontalis

Back 1

Origin: Aponeuroses of the skull

Insertion: skin of the eyebrows and nose

Function: Raises eyebrows. Wrinkles forehead.

Front 2

Orbicularis oculi

Back 2

Origin: Near the maxilary and frontal bones

Insertion: Skin around eye

Function: Open and close eyes. Winking, blinking, squinting.

Front 3

Zygomaticus

Back 3

Origin: Zygomatic bone

Insertion: Orbicularis oris

Function: Raises corners of mouth - "smiling muscle"

Front 4

Masseter

Back 4

Origin: Lower border of zygomatic bone

Insertion: Lateral surface of the mandible

Function: Closes jaw, used in biting and chewing

Front 5

Orbicularis oris

Back 5

Origin: Muscles near the mouth

Insertion: Skin of lips

Function: Closes mouth and portrudes lips - "kissing muscles"

Front 6

Platysma

Back 6

Origin: Upper chest

Insertion: Lower border of the mandible

Function: Draw angle of mouth downward

Front 7

Temporalis

Back 7

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: Coronoid process and lateral surface of the mandible

Function: Closes jaw. Acts as synergist to massetar

Front 8

Sternocleidomastoid

Back 8

Origin: Anterior surfaces of the sternum and upper surface of the clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Function: Pull head ot one side, pull head toward chest, or to sternum (ribcage). "Prayer muscle"

Front 9

Buccinator

Back 9

Origin: Cheekbones

Insertion: orbicularis oris

Function: Compresses the check to hold food. Flattens the cheek. "Chewing muscle"

Front 10

Trapezius

Back 10

Origin: Occipital bone and spines of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Clavicle; spine and acromion process of scapula

Function: Rotates scapula; pulls scapula and shoulder downward

Front 11

Serratus anterior

Back 11

Origin: Outer surface of upper ribs

Insertion: Ventral surface of scapula

Function: Pulls scapula anteriorly and downward

Front 12

Deltoid

Back 12

Origin: Acromion process of spine of scapula and clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function: Extends or flexes humerus

Front 13

Infraspinatus

Back 13

Origin: Posterior surface of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Rotates are laterally

Front 14

Pectoralis major

Back 14

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, and costal cartiages of upper ribs

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus

Function: Pulls arm forward, across chest, adducts arm

Front 15

Petoralis minor

Back 15

Origin: Sternal ends of upper ribs

Insertion: Coranoid process of scapula.

Function: Pulls scapula downward or raises ribs

Front 16

Biceps brachii

Back 16

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity of radius

Function: Flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand laterally

Front 17

Triceps brachii

Back 17

Origin: Lateral and medial surfaces of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Function: Extends forearm at the elbow

Front 18

Supraspinatus

Back 18

Origin: Posterior surface of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

Function: Abducts arm

Front 19

Brachialis

Back 19

Origin: Anterior shaft of humerus

Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow

Front 20

Brachioradialis

Back 20

Origin: Distal, lateral end of humerus

Insertion: Lateral surface of radius above the styloid process

Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow

Front 21

Supinator

Back 21

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and crest of ulna

Insertion: Lateral surface of radius

Function: Rotates forearm laterally

Front 22

Pronator teres

Back 22

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Insertion: Lateral surface of radius

Function: Rotates forearm medially

Front 23

Flexor carpi radialis

Back 23

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Function: Flexes and abducts wrist

Front 24

Extensor carpi radialis

Back 24

Origin: Distal end of humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Function: Extends wrist and abducts hand

Front 25

Rectus abdominis

Back 25

Origin: Pubic bone and the pubic symphysis

Insertion: Costal cartilage of 5-7 ribs; xiphoid process

Function: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal contents

Front 26

External Oblique

Back 26

Origin: External surfaces of ribs 5-12

Insertion: Iliac crest in the pelvic girdle

Function: Flexes vertebral column and rotate trunk and bend laterally

Front 27

Latisimus dorsi

Back 27

Origin: Lower spine and iliac crest

Insertion: Proximal end of the humerus

Function: Extends and abducts the humerus. Very important in the power stroke, "swimmers muscle"

Front 28

Internal oblique

Back 28

Origin: Iliac crest

Insertion: Costal cartilage of the 8-12 ribs

Function: Flex vertebral coluimn and rotate trunk, and bend it laterally

Front 29

Transverse

Back 29

Origin: Lower ribs and iliac crest

Insertion: Pubis bone

Function: Compress ribs

Front 30

Psoas Major (Illiopsoas)

Back 30

Origin: Lumbar intervertebral discs, bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: Femur (lesser trochanter)

Function: Flexes thigh; keeps body from falling backwards

Front 31

Sartorius

Back 31

Origin: Ilium and iliac crest

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia

Function: Flexes leg and thigh, abducts thigh, rotates thigh laterally, rotates leg medially. "Tailors muscle"

Front 32

Rectus femoris*

Back 32

Origin: Spine of ilium and margin of acetabulum

Insertion: Patella by the tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

Function: Extends leg at knee

Front 33

Vastus lateralis*

Back 33

Origin: Greater trochanter of femur

Insertion: Patella by the tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibil tuberosity

Function: Extends leg at knee

Front 34

Vastus medialis*

Back 34

Origin: Medial surface of femur

Insertion: Patella by the tendon, which continues as patellar ligament to tibil tuberosity

Function: Extends leg at knee

Front 35

Tensor fasciae latae

Back 35

Origin: Anterior of iliac crest

Insertion: Fascia of thigh

Function: Abducts, flexes, and rotates thigh medially

Front 36

Adductor longus

Back 36

Origin: Pubic bone near symphysis pubis

Insertion: Proximal end of femur

Function: Abducts, flexes, and rotates thigh laterally

Front 37

Biceps femoris*

Back 37

Origin: Ischial tuberosity and posterior surface of femur

Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Function: Flexes leg

Front 38

Semitendinosus*

Back 38

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia

Function: Flexes leg

Front 39

Semimembranosus*

Back 39

Origin: Ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

Function: Flexes leg

Front 40

Gracillis

Back 40

Origin: Lower edge of symphysis pubis

Insertion: Medial surface of tibia

Function: Abducts thigh

Front 41

Gluteus Maximus

Back 41

Origin: Sacrum and ilium

Insertion: Proximal end of femur

Function: Responsible for movement of hip and thigh, rising from sitting position and climbing stairs. Strongest muscle.

Front 42

Gluteus medius

Back 42

Origin: Ilium

Insertion: Proximal end of femur

Function: Abducts thigh; steadies hip during walking; medial and lateral rotation at hip

Front 43

Tibialis Anterior

Back 43

Origin: Proximal tibia; lateral surface of tibia

Insertion: Tarsal bones and first metatarsal

Function: Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

Front 44

Soleus

Back 44

Origin: Proximal surface of tibia and fibula

Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneous tendon

Function: Plantar flexion of foot

Front 45

Extensor digitorum longus

Back 45

Origin: Proximal surface of tibia and anterior surface of fibula

Insertion: Distal toes 2-5

Function: Extends toes and dorsiflexion of foot

Front 46

Gastrocnemius "toe-dancers"

Back 46

Origin: Lateral, distal end of femur

Insertion: Calcaneous tendon - posterior surface

Function: Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of leg at the knee