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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CENTRALLY ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS
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inhibiting upper motor neuron activity causing some degree of sedation
(to relieve acute muscle spasm-act by CNS depression) |
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Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle RELAXANT drugs
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soma
flexeril Robaxin Skelaxin |
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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS
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Centrally acting-is structurally similar to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxant drugs
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Lioresal (baclofen)
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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT use:
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for muscle spasticity resulting from MS or Spinal cord injuries.
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SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT is not recommended for?
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spasticity related to cerebal palsy, parkinson, stroke
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Why should you NOT abruptly stop taking SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT?
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may cause severe onset of spasticity and hallucinations
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DIRECT-ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT does:
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acts directly on the skeletal muscle and relieves spasticity by interfering with the release of calcium ions in the skeletal muscle
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DIRECT-ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT drugs?
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Danrium(dantrolene)
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DIRECT-ACTING SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANT uses?
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cerebral palsy, MS, spinal cord injury and strokes. Also trest neuroleptic malignant syndrome that occur with antipsycotic agents(lead pipe rigidity)
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Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin?
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Botox(botulinum toxin)
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Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox uses:
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Used medically to muscle spasms in specific areas,
Also cosmetically |
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Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox works how?
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blocking the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve terminals
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Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox can cause what?
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extreme weakness
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Unclassified Muscle Relaxants-toxin- Botox most effective within?
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6 weeks of administration
and its effects last for only 3 to 6 months...costly treatment |
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Neuromuscular Blocking agents drugs?
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Pavulon, Anectin(succinylcholine)
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Neuromuscular Blocking agents do what?
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interupts transmission of impulses from motor nerves to muscles. Produces PARALYSIS...but has no effect on consciousness, memory, or the pain threshold
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Neuromuscular Blocking agents uses:
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during anesthesia to reduce the use and side effects of anesthesia, to ease endotracheal intubation, to decrease muscular activity with ECT. to ease muscle spasms associated with tetanus(lockjaw)
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who can administered Neuromuscular Blocking agents?
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ICU: anesthetist or anesthesiologist
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Neuromuscular Blocking agents antidote?
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anticholinergics
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Benzodiazeptins can also be used for what?
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"lam", "pam"
used as a muscle relaxant |
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Osteoporosis is?
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bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposition
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Osteoporosis is?
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metabolic bone disease
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Osteoporosis is most common?
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risk factor is the onset of menopause
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Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs- Miacalcin(calcitonin)
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natural product from Salmon and is for women post menopause
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Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs- Miacalcin(calcitonin0 is given how and stored?
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nasal spray and SQ
refrigerate alternate nostrils |
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SERM's
Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators or Modifiers? |
SERMS
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Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators or Modifiers?
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Binds to Estrogen receptors
May be estrogen antagonist or agonist depending on the spectic drugs |
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Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators or Modifiers drugs?
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Evista(raloxifene)
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Evista(raloxifene) does?
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decreases bone resorption but blocks estrogen receptors in the uterus and the breast reducing chance of causing cancer in those tissues
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Biphosphonates
endings"dronate" do what? |
most common drug class used for osteoporosis!
A natural inhibitor of the bone resorption by suppressing osteoclast activity |
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Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs?
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Fosamax
Actonel Boniva- Reclast |
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Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs take are taken on empty stomach and Pt must remain sitting position for @ least 30 minutes afterwards?
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Fosamax
Actonel |
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Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs taken once a month?
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Boniva
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Biphosphonates-Bone Resorption Inhibitor Drugs taken once a year?
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Reclast
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Osteoclast?
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removes old bone
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Osteoblast?
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builds bone
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Osteoporosis Agent-Osteoblast Stimulator?
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Forteo(teriparatide)
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Forteo(teriparatide) is what hormone?
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parathyroid-stimulates osteoblast activity
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How long can you use Forteo(teriparatide)?
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2 years
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Forteo(teriparatide) is given how and kept how?
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SQ, refrigerated
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1st few doses of Forteo(teriparatide) can cause?
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orthostatic hypotension
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Arthritic disorders-Gout
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metabolic disorder caused by accumulation of uric acid in blood and joints cavities
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Arthritic disorders-Gout agents do what?
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inhibit uric acid build up
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Gout agents?
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Zylorpim(allopurinol)
Colchicine Benemid(probenecid) |
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Drugs Used for Mens Health
Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent? |
Flomax(tamulosin)
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Flomax(tamulosin)-Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent works how?
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selective action on receptors in the prostate gland-causing muscle relaxation and allowing urinary flow through enlarged prostate...it is not used to treat hypertension
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Flomax(tamulosin)-Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent S/E?
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drowsiness, HA, dizziness, weakness..S/E to report:
tacycardia, fainting, 7% will develop within 15-90 minutes of first dose |
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Flomax(tamulosin)-Alpha-1 adrenergic blocking agent are taken with?
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food and lie down at first sign of symptoms
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Anti-Androgens?
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Propecia(finasteride)
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Propecia-Anti-Adrogen is used to treat?
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BPH-benign prostate
androgenetic alopecia(male baldness) |
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Propecia-Anti-Androgen S/E?
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impotence, decreased libido, decreased volume of ejaculate; effects small #'s of those recieving high doses
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme)?
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casues smoothe muscle relaxation resulting in erection
ending"afil" |
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs??
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Viagra
Cialis-last longer Levitra |
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs-caution in what PT.?
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high or low BP, haert disease
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs S/E?
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HA, flushing, ocassional priapism..
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs are contrindicated with?
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nitrates or alpha adrenergic blockers.
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Drugs Used for Mens Health-Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5-enzyme) drugs can cause?
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life threatening hypotension and will not prevent STD's
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In the eye...Ciliary body secretes?
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aqueous humor-bathes the lens, posterior of the cornia and iris
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Ciliary body secretes aqueous humor-after it is formed the fluid flows?
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forward between the lens and the iris into the anterior chamber
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Ciliary body secretes aqueous humor- it drains out of the eye through drainage channels located?
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near the junction of the cornea and sclera into the meahwork that leads into Schlemm's Canal and into the venous system of the eye
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cornea
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clear, no blood vessels-gets nourishment form aqueous humor
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sclera
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white part of eye
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iris
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colored part-contains muscles( radial & circular) that dialate/constrict the pupil
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mydriatic
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dialates pupil
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Miotic
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consricts pupil
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glaucoma
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is an eye disease characterized by abnormally elevated introcular pressure(IOP)
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glaucoma cause?
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excessive production of aqueous humor
diminished ocular fluid outflow (increased pressure may lead to blindness due to damage to the optic nerve |
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3 types of glaucoma?
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Primary(closed or narrow angle...and open angle)
Secondary-previous eye diseases or trauma Congenital |
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open angle glaucoma developes?
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insidiously(unnoticed for years. Changes occur in the drainage network. The angle is OPEN...not narrowed . drains out too slow ( Pt. is symptom free at first...gradually lose peripheral vision)
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Closed angle glaucoma
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can be acute or chronic
Acute closed angle occurs from a sudden increase of IOP caused by mechanical obstruction at the angle. In PT's that already have a narrow anterior chamber angle. can be brought on by pupillary diation-dialtion pushes the iris against the trabecular meshwork causing obstruction |
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Closed angle glaucoma symptoms?
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blurred vision, halos around white lights, frontal HA, eye pain.
Precepitated by administration of a mydriatic agent |
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Drug therapy for open angel glaucoma?
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Beta Blockers are the intial drug of choice
other: Miotics, sympathomimetics*effects like epinephrine* ,carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, cholineserase inhibitors |
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Drug therapy for acute closed angle glaucoma?
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Miotic agents-(Pilocarpine, Phospholine iodide)
Osmotic diuretic-(Mannitol) Diamox to reduce formation of fluid. Surgery to open the angle analgesics and antiemetics as needed! |
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Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:
Osmotic agents-osmotic diuretics?for acute closed angle glaucoma |
Mannitol -(osmitrol) ICU-IV
close monitoring reduces amount of aqueous humor watch for thirst, dehydration,electrolyte imbalance |
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Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:
Carbonic anhydrase Inhibitors?open angle glaucoma |
enzyme inhibitor that reduces production of aqueous humor:
Diamox(acetazolamide)-oral Trusopt(dorzolamide)-gtts check for allergy to sulfonamides |
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Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:Cholinergic agents-parasympathomimetic?
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Pilocar(pilocarpine), Isopto-carbachol(carbachol) constricts pupils, makes angle bigger:
Miotic and widens the filtration angle |
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Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:Cholinergic agents-parasympathomimetic S/E?
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Reduced visual acuity at night--safety
blurred vision systemic side effects unless the inner canthus is blocked for 1-2 minutes after giving. SLUDD-watch vital signslow BP. bradycardia |
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Drug therapy used for lower intraoclular pressure:Cholinesterase inhibitors?
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Phospholine iodide:
inhibits cholinesterase so that the effects of the acetylcholine(parasympathetic) is increased _causes miosis of the pupil. not first chioce drug.higher incidence of s/e-safety issues-blurred vision and reduced visaual acuity@night |
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Cholinesterase does what?
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breaks down acetylcholine
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents? |
Propine(dipivefrin Hcl)
Epifrin(epinephrine) |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents do what? |
pupil dilation
Use cautrion: Pt. w/ HTN, diabetes, hyperthroidism, heart disease. bronchial asthma |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents used for which glaucoma? |
open angle
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:
Adrenergic agents side effects? |
mydriasis-sensitive to light
those of sympsthetic stimulation, tachycardia, trembling, sweating, hypertension-prevent by blocking the inner canthus for 1-2 min. monitor pulse & BP |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Beta -adrenergic blockers-"olol-first choice drug for open angle glaucoma
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Betagan, Timoptic, Betoptic
reduces aqueous humor no dim vison or night blindness becasue IOP is reduced w/ no effect on pupil size or visula acuity Check vitals |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Prostaglandin agonist?
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Ending"prost"
increase outflow of aqueous humor by dialating trabecular meshwork within the anterior chamber. chrinic open angle not responding to other agents |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Prostaglandin agonist can cause what in the pigment of the eye?
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increasing brown pigment
light sensitivity fluid electrolytes |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Anticholinergic agents?
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Isopto-Atropine(atropine sulfate)
Mydriacyl(tropicamide) |
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Anticholinergic agents?
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mydriasis (dialating pupils) and cyclopegia(paralysis of cilliary muscle to examine the interior of the eye, measure for lens,
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Drugs for lower Intraocular pressure:Anticholinergic agents S/E??
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sensitivity to bright lights
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Antifungal agents for eyes
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Natacyn(nataqmycin)
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Antiviral agent for eye
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Herplex
Viroptic |
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antibacterial agents for eyes
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garmycin
tobrex(tobramycin) neosporin, oculflox(ofloxacin) ciloxan(ciprofloxacin) erthromycin ointment for newborns-protect from Gonarrhea and clamydia |
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corticosteriods for eyes
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"sone", "lone"
allergy and nonifectious inflammation |
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Antiinflammatory for eye
opthalmic NSAIDS |
"ac" "profen" "icam","bufen"
endings |
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Antiallergic for eyes
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Opticrom(cromolyn sodium)
Alamast(pemirolast) |
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Fluorescite,
Ful-Flo, Fluor-I Strip (Sodium Fluorescein) are what? |
opthamic dyes-diagnose injuries and foreign bodies-
green stain under normal light yellow stain under blue light |
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opthalmic lubricants-artificial tears
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Lacril'
tears naturale liquifilm tears drop |
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traditional NSAIDS
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"profen", "ac", "prozin", "cam"
endings |
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cox 2 inhibitors
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celebrex
vioxx bextra |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs also known by?
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slow acting anti rheumatic drugs
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
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Auranofin(ridaura, Oral Gold)
Methotrexate(Rheumatrex, trexall) Penicillamine(cuprine,Depen) Plaquenill(hydoxycholoroquine) |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs take how long?
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6-8 months to evoke a response
second line of defense after asprin and NSAID's |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
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slow the disease process by modifying the immune system in some way
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-GOLD
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gold salts-treatment of arthritis over 50 years
interferes w/ white blood cells responsible for joint damage and inflammation can slow the destruction but cannot correct existing damage- |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Penicillamine
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distant relative of pennicillin
known as chelator-binds heavy metals in the body alters the function of white blood cells responsible for joint damage |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Penicillamine how is it taken?
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on empty stomach
1 hour before or after meals stay on indefinately S/E: protein in the urine can be a sign of kidney damage |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Plaquenil
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origanlally to treat malaria
use w/Patients that dont respond well to NSAID's |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Plaquenil -rare side effect?
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is the deposit of the drug in the retina w/ the potential of visual impairment
opthalmology exam is rec. every 6 months |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-Methtrexate(rheuatrex)
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40 years-treats psoriasis
and cancer routine liver function tests gtt.-alt-ast-belirubin |
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DMARD's Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs-sulfasalzine
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combination of salicylate & antibiotic
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Corticosteroids(steroids) are used how?
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high dose intravenous steroids
shots or injections w/ drug such as Triamcinolone(kenalog) locally or in the joint |
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Prednisone is what and reduces ?
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synthetic corticorsteroids-it mimics cortisol
it reduces inflammation and suppreses the immune system |
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Prolong use of Prednisone
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can cause adrenal glands to trophy(shrink) and stop producing cortisol
must taper off-due to adrenal crisis |
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Prednisone mild to severe S/E
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occur mostly with high doses and long term use
sodium retention fluid retention weight gain High BP puffiness-moon face facial hair bruising easy thin skin poor wound healing cataracts glaucoma stomach ulcers rounding of upper back insomnia High |
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Prednisone increase the risk of infections and decreases?
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the effectiveness of vaccines and antibiotics
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Prednisone can cause?
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osteoporosis
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)
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"mab" endings
Enbrel(etanercept) Remicade Humira cimzia simuponi |
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics) do what?
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stimulate or restore the immune system to fight disease or infection
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics) are derived from?
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living sources as apposed to being synthesized chemicals
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-Monoclonal antibodies
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laboratory produced substances that can locate and bind to specific molecules such as tumor necrosis factorTNF
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tumor necrosis factorTNF
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a protein involved in causing inflammation and damge of rhuematoid arthritis
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-Remicade is administered how?
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intravenous infusion-uses combination of human and mouse proteins to create a hybrid protein-chimeric monoclonal antibody
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-Humira administered
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injection-fully human proteins
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Biologic Response Modifiers(biologics)-TNF Blocker drugs
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target the effects of the TNF-alpha
Mouse & human Enbrel Remicade |
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Gout drugs-3 aspects of drug treatment
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pain relievers
anti-inflammatory drugs to manage metabolic problems that cause high blood levels of uric acid and leads to gout attackes |
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Gout drugs
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1.colchicine-prevents or relieves gout attacks
2.probenecid-to decrease uric acid blood levels 3. col Benemid-anti gout propeties 4.Allopurinol(zyloprim)lowers blood uric acid by preventing uris acid production 5.Uloric-lowers serum uric acid levels by blocking xanthine |
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Gout drugs-uric acid comes from where?
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from digested proteins-meats, liver, etc
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