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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three Muscular Actions?
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Motion
Support Leverage |
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What are the three TYPES of muscle?
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Skeletal
Cardiac Smooth |
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What are the four FUNCTIONS of muscle?
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Motion
Stabilize Regulate (Organ volume) Heat |
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What are four characteristics of muscle?
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Excitable
Contractible Extensible Elastic |
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What are Motor Units?
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Muscles and their nerves
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Motor Units provide this to enable muscles to contract.
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Action potentials
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What is the interface between the axon terminal and the sarcolemma?
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Neuro-muscular junction
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How many muscle fibers does a single motor unit involve?
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10-2000
(Avg 150) |
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Where is the action potential transmitted by the Ach?
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Neuro-muscular junction
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What is a broad band of connective tissue?
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Fascia
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What are the three types of Fascia? What do they cover?
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Epimysium- Entire muscle
Perimysium- Covers fasciculi Endomysium- Individual fibers |
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What are extensions of deep fascia? What is their purpose?
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Tendon
They are surrounded by the Tendon sheath and ease movement |
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What are extensions of the connective tissue and what do they attach mucle to?
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Aponneuroses
Bone or other muscles. |
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What do skeletal muscles consist of?
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Fibers
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What are the compartments called that contain the thick and thin myofibrils?
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Sacromeres
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What are the thick myofibrils?
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Myosin
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What are the Thin myofibrils?
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ACTIN
Troponin and tropomysin |
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What type of proteins are Actin and Myosin considered to be?
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Contractile
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What type of proteins are troponin and tropomysin considered?
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Regulatory
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What are cross bridges?
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projecting heads of myosin containing ATP binding sites and Actin
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What stabilizes thick filaments in the sacromere?
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Elastic filaments
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What is the best term for this description?: A Sliding filament mechanism
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Contraction
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During contraction what pulls on the Actin causing them to slide together?
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Myosin cross bridges
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What shortens during contraction?
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The Sacromeres
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What is the energy used to trigger contraction called?
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ATP
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What begins the relaxation process?
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Ach is broken down by ACHsterase.
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The breakdown of ACH changes the action potential of the ____ initiating the movement of ______ back into the sacroplasmic reticulum.
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Sacrolemma and sacroplasmic reticulum,
Calcium |
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How does the Calcium get back into the sacroplasmic reticulum?
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Active Transport
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What is the Calcium binding protein called?
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Calsequestrin
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How is muscle tone sustained?
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By contracting and relaxing.. simply by maintaining posture can do it.
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Which type of system provides energy for maximal muscle performance for approx 15 seconds and is useful for short bursts of energy?
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Creatine Phosphate
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The partial catabolic breakdown of glucose generates ATP, is ___ and generates energy using the glycogen lactic acid system. How long does this provide energy for your muscle performance?
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30-40 seconds
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How does Aerobic respiration work?
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Complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen contained in myoglobin, then diffuses from blood to muscle.
This generates a deficiency of O that must be recovered by recovery oxygen consumption. (Breathing hard) |
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Describe what happens when a muscle fiber has become fatigued.
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It will not respond to stimuli.
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Muscle Tensions is the force developed due to the number of ____ which contract to respond to a particular stimuli.
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fibers
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The twitch of muscle tension involves a ___ contraction of all muscle fibers from a ___ action potential change.
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Brief
Single |
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The Muscle tension WAVE is where the contraction strength increases because of the 2nd and 3rd action potential not relaxing from the first and can result in what?
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Tentai
Treppe (Staircase) |
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Tension due to contractile activity is what type of tension?
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Active
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Tension resulting from the supporting elastic filaments is:
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Passive tension
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Types of Skeletal muscles may be described by color. Which muscles have Lg. amts of myoglobin?
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Red
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Which muscle has small amounts of myoglobin? (color)
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White.
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What do the mitochondria, blood vessels, and sacroplasmic reticulum determine?
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Diameter of muscle fibers.
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Numbers of fibers do not change with exercise. T or F
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True
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Muscle Regeneration is limited after the first year due to:
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Enlargement of existing cells.
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What type of muscle has a limited capacity for regeneration?
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Smooth
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At what age does muscle loss start to occur?
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30
Decreases in Reflex rate and maximal strength rate |
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Muscle movement occurs by exerting force on:___
Resulting in:___ |
Tendons
pulling on the bone or other structure |
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Most muscles cross at least one ____ when they contract
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joint/articulation
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What do the muscles crossing the articulation and draw bones toward one another form?
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A Lever.
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Levers are acted on by load and effort and are catagorized by 3 types:
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1st class
2nd class 3rd class Determined by Fulcrum effort and resistance |
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Fasciculi are bundles of fibers that are parallel and may occur in 4 patterns:
This arrangement determines power and range. |
1- Parallel
2-fusiform 3-pennate 4-circular |