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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Isometric |
No motion |
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Concentric |
Muscle shortening |
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Eccentric |
Muscle lengthening |
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Isotonic |
Constant tension, length changes |
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Origin |
Proximal attachments |
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Insertion |
Distal attachments |
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Elyctromyography |
Recording muscles output and activity |
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Agonist |
Prime movers Muscles producing a motion Maintaining posture |
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Antagonist |
Provides the opposite anatomic action |
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Synergist |
A muscle that contract atthe same time |
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Stress |
force or load that body resists |
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Strain |
Able to tolerate before it succumbs to the stress |
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Synapses |
Junction between a nerve and a cell |
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Neurons |
Aka nerve cells Receives stimuli and transmit actions potentials |
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Dendrites |
Received stimuli through activation of ligand gated |
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Axons |
Propagates nerve impulse |
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Axon |
Where cell generates AP |
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Neurons cell body |
Aka soma |
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Neurotransmitters |
Chemical that can stimulate or inhibit post synaptic cell |
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Muscle tone |
Constant tension |
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Muscle spindle |
Maintenence and regulation |
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Hypertonia |
Low tone |
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Hypotonia |
High tone |
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Viscosity |
Permanent deformation |
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Extensibility |
Ability to stretch, elongate, or expand |
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Elasticity |
Succumb to an elongating force then return |
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Viscoelasticity |
Resist change in its shape the tissue is unable to return |
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Failure range |
Give in structure is felt and then the tissues rips apart |
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Necking range |
More and more microscopic ruptures |
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Hypertrophy |
Increase in muscle |
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Atrophy |
Decrease in muscle |
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Type 1 |
Slow twitch |
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Type 2a |
Fast twitch oxidative glycolytic |
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Type 2b |
Fast twitch glycolytic Low fatigue resistance |
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Unipennate |
Fibers in one side of Central tendon |
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Epimysium |
Muscle |
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Perimysium |
Fascicles |
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Endomysium |
Fibers |
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Afferent |
Sensory(body to the brain) |
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Efferent |
Motor (brain to the body) |
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Passive tension |
Adds to the muscle tension in lengthening |
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Active tension |
Responsible for muscle tension during shortening |
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Muscular fascia |
Separates individual or group of muscles |
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Fascia |
Sheets within the body |
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Strap |
Shaped like a belt and have fibers that runs longitudinally |
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Pennate |
An angle to the force generating axis A muscle with fascicles |
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Toe region |
Stress is applied to the tissue |
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Elastic region |
Elastic properties are stressed |
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Plastic region |
Microscopic damage Permanent change in tissue length |
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Contractility |
Shorten forcefully |
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Excitability |
Capacity to respond to stimuli |
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Extensibility |
Stretched beyond its normal |
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Elasticity |
Recoil to its original resting length |
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Sarcomere |
Shorten as z disks moves towards each other |
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It happens when actin overlap |
H zone disappears I bond narrows A bond unchanged |
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Muscle synergy |
Functional coordinated muscle activation |
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Reflexes |
Stereotypical and predictable |
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Ligand |
Muscle that binds a receptor |
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Receptor |
Proteins that has a receptor sites |
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RMP NERVE |
-70mv |
|
RMP NERVE |
-70mv |
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RMP MUSCLES |
-90mv |
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Sarcolemma |
Plasma membranes of muscle fiber |
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Sacroplasm |
Cytoplasm without myofibrils |
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Actin |
Thin filament |
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Fibrous actin |
Strand |
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Globular actin |
Pearl |
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Troponin |
Ca2+ binding sites |
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Tropomysium |
Covers active sites |
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Myosin filament |
Thick filament |
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Acetylcholinesterase |
Stops muscle contractions |
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Neurotransmitters |
Excitatory Inhibitory |
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Kinesthesia |
Movement sense |
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Proprioception |
Position sense (static) |
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Troponin |
Ca2+ binding sites |
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Bipennate |
Fibers coverage from both sides to a central tendon |
|
Bipennate |
Fibers coverage from both sides to a central tendon |
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Multipennate |
Several tendons of origin and several tendons of insertion. Mos common |
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Tenedosis |
Passive tension of muscles that cross two or more joints |
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Stress-strain curve!/principle |
Man made or natural have their own specific relationship between stress and strain. |