Musc 100 Final

Front 1

very slow (40) in Italian

Back 1

larghissimo

adagissimo

lentissimo

Front 2

very slow (40) in French

Back 2

très lent

Front 3

very slow (40) in German

Back 3

sehr langsam

ganz langsam

Front 4

slow in Italian

Back 4

largo

adagio

lento

Front 5

slow in French

Back 5

lent

large

Front 6

slow in German

Back 6

langsam

breit

Front 7

rather slow in Italian

Back 7

larghetto

adagietto

Front 8

rather slow in French

Back 8

un peu lent

Front 9

rather slow in German

Back 9

etwas langsam

Front 10

moderately slow (60) in Italian

Back 10

andante

andantino

Front 11

moderately slow (60) in French

Back 11

allant

très modéré

Front 12

moderately slow (60) in German

Back 12

mässig langsam

gehend

Front 13

moderately in Italian

Back 13

moderato

Front 14

moderately in French

Back 14

modéré

Front 15

moderately in German

Back 15

mässig

mässig bewegt

Front 16

rather fast in Italian

Back 16

allegretto

Front 17

rather fast in French

Back 17

un peu animé

Front 18

rather fast in German

Back 18

etwas bewegt

Front 19

fast (120) in Italian

Back 19

allegro

Front 20

fast (120) in French

Back 20

animé

Front 21

fast (120) in German

Back 21

bewegt

schnell

Front 22

very fast in Italian

Back 22

vivace

vivo

presto

Front 23

very fast in French

Back 23

vif

vite

Front 24

very fast in German

Back 24

lebhaft

eilig

Front 25

as fast as possible (208) in Italian

Back 25

allegrissimo

vivacissimo

prestissimo

Front 26

as fast as possible (208) in French

Back 26

très vif

Front 27

as fast as possible (208) in German

Back 27

ganz schnell

ganz lebhaft

Front 28

very in Italian

Back 28

molto -

Front 29

very in French

Back 29

très -

Front 30

very in German

Back 30

sehr -

Front 31

somewhat in Italian

Back 31

poco -

un poco -

Front 32

somewhat in French

Back 32

un peu -

Front 33

somewhat in German

Back 33

ein wenig -

etwas -

Front 34

more in Italian

Back 34

più -

Front 35

more in French

Back 35

plus -

Front 36

more in German

Back 36

-er

Front 37

even more in Italian

Back 37

-issimo

Front 38

even more in French

Back 38

encore plus -

Front 39

even more in German

Back 39

noch -er

Front 40

not too in Italian

Back 40

non troppo -

Front 41

not too in French

Back 41

pas trop -

Front 42

not too in German

Back 42

nicht zu -

Front 43

less in Italian

Back 43

meno -

-ino

-etto

Front 44

less in French

Back 44

moins -

Front 45

less in German

Back 45

weniger -

Front 46

accelerate in Italian

Back 46

accelerando

Front 47

accelerate in french

Back 47

accélérer

Front 48

accelerate in German

Back 48

schneller werden

Front 49

becoming faster, tightening, pressing in Italian

Back 49

stringendo

Front 50

becoming faster, tightening, pressing in French

Back 50

en pressant

Front 51

becoming faster, tightening, pressing in German

Back 51

drängend

Front 52

faster in Italian

Back 52

più mosso

Front 53

faster in French

Back 53

plus animé

Front 54

faster in German

Back 54

bewegter

Front 55

slow down gradually in Italian

Back 55

ritardando

rallentando

Front 56

slow down gradually in French

Back 56

rallentissant

ralentir

Front 57

slow down gradually in German

Back 57

langsamer werden

Front 58

hold back immediately in Italian

Back 58

ritenuto

Front 59

hold back immediately in French

Back 59

retenu

Front 60

hold back immediately in German

Back 60

zurück halten

zurück gehalten

Front 61

broaden in Italian

Back 61

allargando

Front 62

broaden in French

Back 62

élargissant

Front 63

broaden in German

Back 63

verbreitern

Front 64

less fast in Italian

Back 64

meno mosso

Front 65

less fast in French

Back 65

moins vite

Front 66

less fast in German

Back 66

weniger bewegt

Front 67

freely in Italian

Back 67

rubato

Front 68

freely in French

Back 68

liberé

Front 69

freely in German

Back 69

frei

Front 70

gradually in Italian

Back 70

poco a poco

Front 71

gradually in French

Back 71

peu à peu

Front 72

gradually in German

Back 72

allmählich

Front 73

suddenly in Italian

Back 73

subito

Front 74

suddenly in French

Back 74

tout à coup

Front 75

suddenly in German

Back 75

plötzlich

Front 76

decrease tempo and loudness in Italian

Back 76

calando

smorzando

Front 77

decrease tempo and loudness in French

Back 77

en diminuant

en s'effaçant

Front 78

decrease tempo and loudness in German

Back 78

nachlassen

verlöschen

Front 79

harmony

Back 79

a collection of pitch classes that has a functional root

Front 80

root/functional root

Back 80

a scale degree that stands for an entire harmony

is functional if it creates continuity with the root before or after it

Front 81

harmonic continuity

Back 81

the sensation that each harmony is a result of the previous harmony, usually because the root has changed by 5th

Front 82

how do harmony, melody, and polyphony create continuity and direction?

Back 82

harmonies using root motion by 5th create continuity

also, harmonic rhythm speeding up before a cadence

Front 83

how do harmony, melody, and polyphony create pulse and meter?

Back 83

when harmonic change can create meter

Front 84

how do harmony, melody, and polyphony create substance?

Back 84

more materials and varieties of materials (such as varieties of harmonies) create substance

Front 85

how do harmony, melody, and polyphony create closure?

Back 85

harmonic cadences (esp perfect authentic cadences), and completed circles of 5ths can create closure

Front 86

harmonic and contrapuntal frameworks

Back 86

harmonic: a series of harmonies that establishes and maintains meter and whose pitches are the focal pitches of a more elaborate texture

contrapuntal: a counterpoint (esp in the outer voices) that establishes and maintains meter and whose pitches are the focal pitches of a more elaborate texture

Front 87

analyze contrapuntal framework of a piece

Back 87

analyze harmonic framework of a piece

Front 88

find a cadence in a piece

Back 88

find the key of a piece

Front 89

analyze melodic functions in a passage

Back 89

p = passing note

f = focal tone

n = neighbour tone

w = delay

cs = chordal skip

a = anticipation

s (psr) = suspension (preparation, suspension, resolution)

Front 90

what are the different imitative processes?

Back 90

canon: 1 voice states a subject, 2nd voice follows, repeating exact same thing but slightly later (like a round)

fugue: same as canon but only imitates the beginning (also refers to a gradual build up of texture)

sequence: not imitative, because it is a transposition in 1 voice

ostinato: not imitative, because it is repetition in one voice (w no transposition)

Front 91

find an imitative process in a piece

Back 91

find a period or sentence in a piece

Front 92

counterpoint and its rules

Back 92

rules for the selection and ordering of melodic intervals and for the metrical placement of consonances and dissonances. Or, a polyphony that follows such rules.

a) compositions must begin with a consonance and end with a perfect consonance

b) no repeated perfect consonances

c) dissonant notesmoved to and from by step

d) consonance on every strong beat (esp susp)

e) mostly stepwise motion

f) leaps must be filled in by stepwise motion

g) mainly contrary motion

h) similar motion to a perfect consonance avoided if upper voice leaps

i) upper voices fairly close, though still within own ranges

Front 93

anticipation, chordal skip, delay

Back 93

anticipation: a syncopated or immediately repeated note that at its onset is not part of the underlying framework, but then becomes part of the framework

chordal skip: a note that is not part of the framework but is consonant with the concurrent framework pitches (or belongs to the current framework chord)

delay: when a note is held so long that the next framework note appears later than expected (based on the pulse of the framework)

Front 94

harmonic rhythm

Back 94

the rhythm of harmonic change. it typically establishes and maintains a slow pulse stream, that is, strong beats are articulated by harmonic change. typically accelerates before a cadence to create the rhythmic cadence formula

Front 95

what are the different types of periods?

Back 95

if the two segments are the same duration (# of strong beats), it is symmetrical (otherwise assymetrical)

if the two segments begin the same, it is parallel (otherewise contrasting)

sectional period: antecedent and consequent both begin and cadence on I

continuous period: antecedent begins on I and cadences on something else, consequent begins on something else and cadences on I

interrupted period: antecedent begins on I and cadences on V (HC), consequent begins and cadences on I

Front 96

sectional vs continuous harmonic form

Back 96

sectional: when the first and last parts, and possibly others as well, end on the tonic

continous: when only the last part ends on the tonic

Front 97

binary vs ternary form

Back 97

binary: two parts and two cadences

ternary: more than two

Front 98

what are the different kinds of cadence?

Back 98

authentic cadence: V-I

half cadence: X-V

imperfect authentic cadence: when the melody moves from V to another note in the tonic triad at a cadence

Front 99

what are the different kinds of suspension?

Back 99

rearticulated suspension: when the suspended note is rearticulated instead of tied

embellished suspension: embellishment is added (usually to the resolution)

prepareation on the strong beat: when the preparation is on the strong beat before

Front 100

what is a hemiola

Back 100

a cross-pulse (often including a suspension) immediately before a cadence

Front 101

accented 6/4 chords

Back 101

occur when the melodic note is a dissonant passing tone, so the chord plays the role of a chord resolving to 5/3 chord on a cadence

Front 102

what are the formal functions involved in a phrase?

Back 102

presentation, continuation, and fragmentation

Front 103

what is the theory of harmony

Back 103

the theory which explains roots and their behaviour (esp wrt what makes them functional)