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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 Forms of Fictional Genres
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Novel & Short Story
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Types of Fiction
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Allegory, Fable, Folk Legend, Myth, Romance, SciFi, Modern Realist Fiction
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Allegory
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story w/char. representing virtues & vice, sybolic & literal meanings (Pilgrims)
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FAble
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short tale offering moral example (Aesop)
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Folk Legend
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narrative, historically factual w/fiction (Sleepy Hollow)
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Myth
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story univerally shared w/in culture to explain history/traditions (Zeus)
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Romance
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high imagination tale, conflict between heroes/villain/ monsters (Sir Gawain)
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Modern Realist Fiction
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real probs for real ppl, insightful
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Types of Non-Fiction
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Biography, Autobiography, Informational Books & Articles, News accts of Events
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4 types of Autobiographies
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thematic, religious, intellectual, fictionalized
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Genres of Drama
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tragedy, comedy, comic drama, melodrama, farce
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Tragedy
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prose/poetry, story of brave hero w/flaw that brings ruin (Oedipus/Arthur Miller)
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Comedy
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amuse & end happily, satire & parody (Midsummer's)
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Comic Drama
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serious & light elements
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Melodrama
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extreme drama: hero saves day from villain & wins heart of heroine. Music for emotions
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Farce
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extreme comedy w/physical humor, unlikely situations, & stereotypes (3 Stooges)
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Genres of Poetry
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lyric, concrete, narrative, dramatic, epic
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lyric poetry
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words to music
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concrete poetry
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appeals to senses w/visual approach (make shape w/words)
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narrative poetry
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poetry/prose, fict/non, features many genres
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dramatic poetry
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real aloud
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epic poetry
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historical basis, conflict of opposed nations/races (not personal)
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Types of Lyric Poetry
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sonnet, ballad,limerick, cinquain, haiku, villanelle
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sonnet
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fixed verse w/14 lines, 5 ft. iambics rhyming to prescribed theme. 1st 8 lines (octave) state problem, last 6 (sestet) resolve problem
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ballad
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told/sung in verse w/music
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limerick
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Ireland, short, humorous verse, nonsense. 5 lines
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cinquain
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5 line stanza, 2 syllables in 1st & last lines, and 4/6/8 in middle 3
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Haiku
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Japan. unrhymed, seventeen syllables, 3 lines, 5/7/5 syllables
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villanelle
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France. 2 rhymes, repeating 2 lines throughout
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How to evaluate Poetry
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1. pattern of sound & rhyme
2. visible shape it takes (reflect theme) 3. rhyme & free verse (alliteration) |
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FIGURATIVE LANG
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figure of speech,
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ALLITERATION—
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repeating sounds
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ALLUSION
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like a symbol, implied reference to person/thing
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BATHOS
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ludicrous attempt to evoke pathos (sympathy)
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CLIMAX
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phrase/sentence in ascending oder
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EUPHEMISM
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substitute agreeable term for offensive one (passed away)
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HYPERBOLE
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exaggeration
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IRONY
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something opposite the literal meaning
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MALAPROPISM
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verbal blunder w/one wd. Replace a similar sound/difff meaning
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METAPHOR
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indirect compare 2 things
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PARALLELISM
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arrange ideas in phrases/sentence/parag to balance
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Personification
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human charac. To inanimate obj/animal
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ONOMATOPEIA
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vocal imitation (buzz)
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SIMILE
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direct comparison (use like/as
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IMAGERY
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word refers to sensory experience
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SYMBOLISM
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object/actions suggest other things (Mending Wall)
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AMBIGUITY
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open to interp.
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RHYTHM & RHYME
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recurrence of stresses @ = intervals (pattern)
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New Criticism
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text itself, no concern w/author or env.
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Structuralism & Deconstruction
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look w/o regard to external influences
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Marxist Criticism
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class conflict drive civilization, bourgeoisie ($) vs. proletariat (poor)
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Feminist Criticism
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informed & inspired by author’s gender & ideas about gender
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Psychoanalytic Criticism
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(Freudian) mind is 3 parts (id-urges, superego-polices, ego-both conflict)
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Phonological Awareness
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reader recognizes sound of spoken lang. "help sound out wds"
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Root Words:
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wds from which another is developed (bene=good=benefit)
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Base Words
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stand-alone linguistic unit cannot be broken down to smaller wds (retell—base is “tell”)
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Prefix
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beginning unit, can’t stand alone (ex, sub)
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Suffix
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added on to end, can’t stand alone (ing,ful, er)
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Inflectional Endings
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suffix impart new meaning to base (ette, es, ed)
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Compound Words
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2 + base wds connected to form new wd (bookkeeper)
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Syntax
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1. Sentence Completion
2. Sentence Structure--simple, compound, complex, |
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Rhetoric: Types of Appeal (3)
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1. Ethos-credibility of speaker
2. Pathos-emotional appeal to listener 3. Logos-logic of argument |
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Modern Theories of Rhetoric (3)
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1.Fact—ie informative speech
2.Value—convince audience a certain thing is gd/bad/moral/ immoral 3.Policy—call to action, argue something to be done/ improved/changed |
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Application of modern rhet. principles to produce desired results
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1.Unity—all ideas relate to thesis
2.Coherence—relationship of ideas (trans. Words/phrases) 3.Emphasis—stronger arguments in areas of importance for significant ideas |
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5 steps of Rhetoric
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Intro, narration, confirmation, refutation, summation
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Methods of Oral Communication
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debate, discussion, conversation
(interviews, speeches, listening, facilitating) |
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Descriptive Writing
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centers on 1 person/place/object, sensory wds create mood/impression, chron. order
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Narrative Writing
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use incident/anecdote, Chronology, the 5 w’s, topic sentence, conclusion
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Persuasive Writing
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implies writers ability to direct actions of reader
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Journalistic Writing
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theoretically free of author bias, relay info
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5 Processes of Writing
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Prewriting, writing, revising, editing, publishing
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Prewriting
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ideas b4—brainstorm/journals/lists/questions
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writing
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first draft
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revising
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examine & make changes in sentences/wording/details/ideas (Enhance interest & ensure understanding)
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editing
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proofread draft for punctuation/errors
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publishing
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display work/read aloud
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How to develop a Thesis
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ID topic, state point of view on topic, summarize main pts you'll make in essay
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Third Person
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unseen narrator tells what happens (uses he/she/they)
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First Person
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see action thru eyes of writer (I)
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Omniscient
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knows all, greater involvement for reader
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Hyperbole
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exaggeration (could eat a horse)
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Metonym
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use object/idea closely ID’d w/other object to represent 2nd (hit the books = go study)
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Synecdoche
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word for part of something is used to mean whole (sail for boat)
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Oxymoron
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contradictory form of speech (jumbo shrimp
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Logcial Fallacies
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error in reasoning (ie: form general rule based on only 1 case)
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3 Main Ways to Support Argument
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experts, facts, personal experience
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Homonym
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spell & sound same, different meaning (Mean= unkind/intend)
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Heteronym
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spell same, sound different, different meaning (desert= abandon/arid area)
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Capitonym
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spell same, different when capital (polish vs. Polish)
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Phonics
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1 letter graphemes representing consonants or vowels & blend together to form words (sat/met)
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Syllabication
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break down into each unit of spoken language
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