Mss-Sprains And Strains

Front 1

Sprain or strain: which involves stretching of ligamentous tissue? Musculotendinous tissue?

Back 1

sprain; strain

Front 2

Complete tear of a muscle or tendon is called what?

Back 2

rupture

Front 3

Sprains are most common in what age group? Strains?

Back 3

1. teens, young, and middle-aged adults
2. middle-aged and elderly

Front 4

In children, force necessary for sprain would cause what to happen?

Back 4

fracture at the physis

Front 5

What steps need to be taken to evaluate a sprain or strain?

Back 5

History
Inspection
Bony palpation
Soft Tissue palpation
Range of motion
Neurologic examination
Special tests
Examination of related areas

Front 6

Athletes don't usually come into clinic unless what is affected?

Back 6

sports performance

Front 7

Athletes that play when injured with a sprain/strain develop what?

Back 7

ligamentous laxity

Front 8

Which would more likely produce ecchymosis: sprain or strain

Back 8

sprain (24-48 hours later); a strain might be located too deeply to visualize

Front 9

"I heard a pop" is associated with sprain or strain?

Back 9

sprain

Front 10

Bony tenderness should lead you to suspect what?

Back 10

fracture

Front 11

The greater the degree of laxity may indicate what?

Back 11

greater degree of injury

Front 12

How can you differentiate between a rupture and a strain?

Back 12

rupture-can't move; strain-can move

Front 13

What grade is this sprain: partial tear but no instability, or opening of joint on stress maneuvers?

Back 13

grade I

Front 14

What grade is this sprain: partial tear with some instability indicated by partial opening of joint on stress maneuvers?

Back 14

grade II

Front 15

What grade is this sprain: complete tear with complete opening joint on stress?

Back 15

grade III

Front 16

DTR's are important in what strains?

Back 16

cervical and lumbar strains to rule out nerve root encroachment

Front 17

What are possible sequelae for sprains and strains?

Back 17

1. sprain- ligamentous laxity leading to joint instability and repeated injury.
2. strain- prolonged muscle tightness, weakness, tenderness

Front 18

What is ischemia of nerves and muscles within a fascial compartment due to increased pressure called?

Back 18

compartment syndrome

Front 19

What is receptor dysfunction causing prolongation of normal post-injury process pain, autonomic dysfunction, trophic changes, and functional impairment called?

Back 19

complex regional pain syndrome

Front 20

Should heat be applied immediately following a sprain or strain?

Back 20

no

Front 21

What is the treatment for sprains and strains?

Back 21

(P)RICE(M):
Protection (immobilize)
Rest
Ice-controls inflammation
Compression
Elevation
Medicine/Manipulation

Front 22

Immobilization should occur in grade I sprains for what reason? Grade II?

Back 22

1. comfort
2. protection

Front 23

Grade III sprains may require what in addition to immobilization?

Back 23

surgical repair

Front 24

What OMT can be administered safely in all sprains?

Back 24

MR

Front 25

What must be ruled out in order to administer OMT to a sprain?

Back 25

fractures and significant intra-articular injuries

Front 26

What are the benefits of providing OMT for sprains?

Back 26

reduces chances for compartment syndrome by enhancing lymphatic drainage

Front 27

When should you seek orthopedic consult in sprains and strains?

Back 27

1. grade III sprains
2. severe grade II sprains
3. complete ruptures
4. pain out of proportion to injury
5. suspected CRPS or compartment syndrome

Front 28

What are the differential diagnoses for sprains and strains?

Back 28

fracture or soft tissue contusion

Front 29

Which is more stable: dorsiflexion of plantarflexion?

Back 29

dorsiflexion: the mortise fits snugly against the talus

Front 30

Which occurs more often, inversion or eversion ankle injuries?

Back 30

inversion

Front 31

Which ligaments are the most commonly injured ligaments in inversion sprains?

Back 31

anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments
(hint: ATF-always tears first)

Front 32

In addition to the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, what ligament can also be injured in a "high ankle injury"?

Back 32

anterior tibiofibular ligament

Front 33

Which grade of ankle sprain shows the following: swelling, can ambulate with slight limp?

Back 33

grade I

Front 34

Which grade of ankle sprain show the following: moderate to severe swelling, antalgic gait, some loss of motion &/or function?

Back 34

grade II

Front 35

Which grade of ankle sprain shows the following: severe swelling and ecchymosis, sig-nificant loss of motion, function, and ability to bear weight?

Back 35

grade III

Front 36

Ankle x-ray series is indicated if patient has malleolar pain and any of the following:

Back 36

bony tenderness in latera/medial malleolus or inability to bear weight

Front 37

Foot x-ray series is indicated if patient has midfoot pain and any of the following:

Back 37

bony tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal, navicular bone, or inability to bear weight

Front 38

If above the mortise, this is likely what kind of ankle sprain?

Back 38

high ankle sprain

Front 39

Which test is positive in grade II and III sprains? Grade III only?

Back 39

anterior drawer's; talar tilt

Front 40

Inversion ankle sprains may also show what somatic dysfunctions?

Back 40

anterior lateral malleolus and anterior talus with plantarflexion; ankle foot myofascial restriction;

Front 41

What OMT is indicated in the following SD's: anterior lateral malleolus with plantarlexion, anterior talus with plantarflexion, and ankle foot myofascial restriction?

Back 41

1. ME
2. ME/HVLA
3. MR