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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stress fracture of pars interarticularis is called what?
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spondylolysis
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Forward slippage of one vertebrae on another is called what?
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spondylolisthesis
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Spondylolysis/spondylolithesis usually occurs at what level?
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L5-S1
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What is the #1 cause of low back pain in young athletes? What mechanism?
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spondylolysis/spondylolissthesis repetitive hyperextension
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What are the signs and symptoms of spondy?
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low back pain, decreased lordosis, hamstring spasm, step off, increased pain standing on one leg
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T or F: nerve compression findings are rare
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true
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X-rays show what with spondy?
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collar of scotty dog indicates breakage
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Which x-ray view is better at showing spondylolisthesis?
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lateral
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How are spondylolistheses graded?
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I-25% vertebral width
II-25-49% III-50-75% IV->75% |
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What imaging is good at seeing early stress fractures?
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bone scan
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What imaging is more sensitive than bone scan?
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SPECT
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If you see positive SPECT but not bone scan, what does this mean?
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stress reaction
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What is management for spondy?
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limit hyperextension; core stabilization; non-rigid brace if under 4 weeks (rigid if >4 wks)
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Non-union fractures in spondylolysis may require what intervention?
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bone graft or screw fixation
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Spondylolysis may require what?
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spinal fusion
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What are functions of SITS muscles?
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Supraspinatus-Abduction and external rotation
Infraspinatus-External rotation Teres Minor-External rotation Subscapularis-Internal rotation |
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Acute tears usually occur in which shoulder muscles?
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supraspinatis
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Chronic shoulder weakness usually has the following components?
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Repetitive overhead activities
Subacromial impingement Age Poor blood supply |
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Symptoms of rotator cuff injuries?
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pain when sleeping on shoulder; deep shoulder pain; weakeness; limited ROM
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X-rays of rotator cuff injuries will show:
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1. complete tear-cephalad migration of humeral head
2. compression defect of humeral head (hill-sachs lesion) |
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What are treatments for rotator cuff tear?
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rest, stretch and strengthen, steroid injections
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What is an apophysis?
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point where tendon inserts into epiphysis
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What are symptoms of traction apophysitis?
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1. Injury at insertion of tendon into growth plate
2. Associated with adolescent growth spurt 3. Due to flexibility imbalance and repeated forceful muscle contraction |
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What are the 3 kinds of traction apophysitis? What are the general symptoms?
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1. Osgood-Schlatter’s
2. Sinding-Larsen-Johansson 3. Sever’s pain and swelling, bilateral, activity aggravates, decreased flexibility |
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Patellar tendon insertion into tibial tubercle describes what?
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osgood-schlatter's
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Inferior pole of patella describes what?
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sinding-larsen-johansson
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Achilles tendon insertion into calcaneus describes what?
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sever's
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Sinding-larsen-johansson vs. osgood-schlatter's: which is seen in older adults? Which is seen in children?
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older-sinding-larsen-johansson
children-osgood-schlatter's |
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What is mistakenly referred to as "jumper's knee"?
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Sinding-Larsen-Johansson
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What is a unique treatment in sinding-larsen-johansson?
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infra-patellar bands
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Swelling of posterior calcaneus may indicate what? What might help with this?
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sever's; heel lift (temporarily)
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What is the most common knee complaint in sports clinics?
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Patellofemoral Syndrome
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Anterior knee pain arising from the patellofemoral joint describes what?
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Patellofemoral Syndrome
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What can cause PFS?
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overuse, malalignment, and muscular imbalance (lateral muscles tend to develop more than medial in exercise)
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What are signs and symptoms of PFS?
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1. anterior knee pain that is worse with activity
2. pain while walking stairs or squatting 3. stiffness after prolonged sitting 4. crepitus 5. knee giving way 6. tender over medial facet of patella 7. pain with patella grinding 8. minimal to no swelling 9. weak vastus medialis obliquus muscle 10. tight quads and hams |
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Should osgood-schlatter's be immobilized?
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no
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Chondromalacia is also known as what?
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PFS
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PFS more common in males or females?
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females (due to larger Q angle)
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Stiffness after prolonged sitting is what sign?
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gelling sign; theater sign
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Outside of normal treatments, what else can treat PFS?
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knee sleeve with patellar cutout
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