Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe the blood supply to the femur
|
1. ligamentum teres
2. Medial circumflex artery 3. Lateral circumflex artery (Femoral artery -> profunda feromis (deep femoral) -> lateral/medial circumflex arteries) |
|
|
Describe the bony anatomy of the femur
|
-head of femur
-neck of femur -greater trochanter -leser trochanter -Shaft |
|
|
Describe the 3 areas of bone
|
-Epiphysis
-Metaphysis -Diaphysis |
|
|
Describe the landmarks of an intracapsular hip fracture
|
below the femoral head -> base of femoral neck
(Fracture @ intertrochanteric line = extracapsular fracture ) |
|
|
Describe the late changes of OA in the hip
|
-fixed flexion ( w/ Thomas's test )
-internal rotation -aDduction |
|
|
What X-ray changes are seen in Osteoarthritis
|
(LOSS)
-Loss of joint space -Osteophytes -Subchondral sclerosis -Subchondral cysts |
|
|
What X-ray changes are seen with Rheumatoid arthritis
|
-Bony erosions
-Periarticular osteopenia -Loss of joint space -RA deformities (subluxation ect..) |
|
|
Characteristics of hip dislocation
|
-Internal rotation
-Shortening of leg |
|
|
Characteristic of hip fracture
|
-External rotation
-Shortening of leg |
|
|
What does trendelenburg's test show
|
Weak gluteal aBductors ( drooping on the unaffected side-i.e muscles are unable to hold the opposite side )
|
|
|
If multiple lytic bony lesions on X-ray ...?
|
? bony metastasis
commonly from myeloma/lymphoma, prostate, breast, lung |
|
|
Describe the nerve supply to the thigh
|
Anterior compartment - Femoral nerve (L2-4)
Posterior compartment - sciatic nerve (L4-S3) (exists from greater sciatic foramen) Medial compartment - Obturator nerve (L2-L4) ( exits from obturator foramen) |
|
|
What structures are located in the popliteal fossa
|
-Popliteal artery/vein
-Tibial nerve ( arises from sciatic nerve) - divides into the posterior tibial nerve & common peroneal nerve |
|
|
Describe the nerve supply to the leg
|
Anterior compartment - Deep peroneal nerve (& 1st web space )
Lateral compartment - Superficial peroneal nerve Posterior compartment - posterior tibial nerve |
|
|
What injury affects the common peroneal nerve
what does it result in? |
Tight cast
Foot drop |
|
|
What is shenton's line ?
|
Helps to diagnose a neck of femur fracture
line drawn from inferior border of the superior pubic ramus --> medial border of the femur neck |
|
|
What is Trethowan's sign?
|
Helps to diagnose SUFE (slipped upper femoral epiphysis )
a straight line superior surface of the femoral neck should pass through the femoral head. If it remains superior/does not touch the femoral head/epiphysis --> trethowan's positive |
|
|
What is characteristic of a frozen shoulder (i.e adhesive capsulitis)
|
no external rotation
|
|
|
What does Hawkin's test elicit ?
How do you perform Hawkin's test |
Pain- suggest shoulder impingement
-perform passive internal/external rotation of the shoulder |
|
|
Characteristic of shoulder impingement
|
-Painful arc (60-120 degrees)
-Hawkin's positive -Pain on internal rotation |
|
|
How do you elicit an isolated movement of the subscapularis muscle?
|
internal rotation
|
|
|
What is os acromiale ?
What can it lead to ? |
Unfused area of acromion
Can lead to shoulder impingement |
