Ms (Cdn)

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Communicable Disease Nursing

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is the study of an illness due to a specific toxic substance,occupational exposure or infectious agent, which affects a susceptible individual, either directlyor indirectly, as from an infected animal or person, or indirectly through an intermediate host,vector, or the environment; the significant signs and symptoms; causative agent; mode oftransmission; diagnostics; pathophysiology; nursing and medical management through theutilization of nursing process.

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Communicable Disease

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is an illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic productsthat arises through transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal orinanimate reservoir (e.g. from a food source or contaminated water) to a susceptible host.

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Disease control

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refers to the reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity or mortalityto a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts and continued intervention measuresto maintain the reduction

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Disease surveillance

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refers to the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, anddissemination of outcome-specific data for use in the planning, implementation, and evaluationof public health practice. A disease surveillance system includes the functional capacity for dataanalysis as well as the timely dissemination of these data to persons who can undertake effectiveprevention and control activities

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Infection

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invasion of the body tissue by microorganisms and their proliferation

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Carrier

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a person who without apparent symptoms of a disease, harbors and spread the specificwith microorganisms

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Chain of Infection

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is made up of six different links: pathogen (infectious agent), reservoir,portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, and the new host. Each link has a uniquerole in the chain, and each can be interrupted, or broken, through various means.

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Contact

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any person or animal known to have been in such association an infected person oranimal exposed to infection

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Communicable period

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the period which etiologic agent may be transferred directly orindirectly from the body of the infected person to the body of another person

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Contamination

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invasion of surface (wound) or article (handkerchief) or matter (water and milk)implies the presence of undesirable substance which may contain pathogenic microorganisms

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Sterilization

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describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and iscarried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods

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Disinfection

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describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms,except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects

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Concurrent disinfection

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ongoing practices that are observed in the care of the client, hissupplies, environment and control of microorganisms

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Terminal disinfection

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practices to remove pathogens from the client’s belongings andenvironment after his illness is no longer communicable

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Disinfectant

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substance for inanimate objects that destroys pathogens and the spores

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Antiseptic

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substance intended for persons that inhibit the growth of pathogens but notnecessarily destroy them

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Bactericidal

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chemical that kills microorganisms

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Bacteriostatic

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chemical that prevents the multiplication but does not kill all forms of microbes

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Asepsis

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absence of disease-producing microorganisms; free from infection

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Sepsis

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presence of infection

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Medical asepsis

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practices to reduced the number and transfer of microorganisms; cleantechnique.

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Surgical asepsis

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practices that render and keep objects & areas free from pathogens; steriletechnique

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Etiology

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the study of causes

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Virulence

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the vigor with which the organism can grow and multiply; refers to the degree orintensity of disease produced

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Nosocomial Infection

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infections associated with the delivery of health care services in ahealth care facility

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Opportunistic pathogen

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causes disease in a susceptible person

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Resident flora

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microorganisms that are always present in specific areas of the body; normallylives on a person’s skin

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Transient flora

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microorganisms picked up by the skin as a normal activities that can beremoved easily

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Pathogens

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a disease producing-microorganism

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Pathogenecity

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the ability to produce a disease; the ability of microbes to overcome thedefensive powers of the host to induce disease

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Quarantine

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limitation of freedom of movement of such susceptible persons or animals as havebeen exposed to communicable diseases

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Colonization

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a process by which strains of microorganisms become resident flora, but theirpresence does not cause disease

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Fumigation

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any process by which destruction of insects, fleas, bugs, etc. and is accomplishedby the employment of gaseous agents

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Isolation

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the separation for the period of communicability of infected persons

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Mandatory reporting

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refers to the obligatory reporting of a condition to local or state healthauthorities, as required for notifiable diseases, epidemics or public health events of public healthconcern

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Notifiable disease

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refers to a disease that, by legal requirements, must be reported to thepublic health authorities

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Public health authority

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refers to the DOH (specifically the Epidemiology Bureau, DiseasePrevention and Control Bureau, Bureau of Quarantine and International Health Surveillance,Health Emergency Management Bureau, Food and Drug Administration, government hospitals.Research Institute of Tropical Medicine and other National Reference Laboratories, and DOHRegional Offices), the local health office (provincial, city or municipality), or any person directlyauthorized to act on behalf of the DOH or the local health office;