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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ad Hominem fallacy
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implies attacking the character of the arguer which has nothing to do with the issues being argued
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Analogy
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a comparison between two like things
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Anecdote
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a short witty statement revealing a truth about life
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Argument
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the use of symbols- like language- to affect thinking and/or actions
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Artistic and inartistic proofs
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artistic proofs come from or relate to the speaker or writer, inartistic proofs are those that exist independently from the arguer
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Assumption
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belief or attitude considered to be true or genuine
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Audience
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the person or people an argument addresses
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Backing
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supports a warrant, which in turns supports the logical move from data to claim
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Bandwagon Appeal
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suggests that an idea, topics, or course of action is good because many other people have already accepted it.
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Begging the question fallacy
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to argue in a circle, to offer a claim that assumes the validity of the claim
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Claim
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the point being made
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Claim of cause
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suggests a before and after relationship
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Claim of definition
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explains what something means
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Claim of policy
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suggests a particular course of action
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Claim of value
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judges what is desirable and what is not
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Cognitive dissonance
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when we encounter an argument e disagree with, an unpleasant state of mind or feeling of anxiety or doubt
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Credibility
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depends on authority or believability
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Data
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evidence presented in support of a claim or set of claims
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Deductive reasoning
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moves from the general to the particular
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Enthymeme
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a shortened syllogism, where one of the two premises is implied, not explicitly stated
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Epistemology
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the study of knowledge
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Ethos
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ethical appeal, focus on the character or speaker
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Evidence
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the material an arguer offers in support of her claims or conclusions
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Fact
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a generally understood to be something that can be verified or validated by a number of reliable sources
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Fallacy
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argument that may seem reasonable or rational but is not supported by the stata or is not logical
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Framing, reframing
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refers to the way an argument is presented
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God (and devil) terms
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God presents something that is good and the devil is something bad and unfavorable
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Grounds
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the evidence offered in support of a claim
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Hasty generalization
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occurs when a claim is not sufficiently supported by the available data
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Identification
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is the search for the common ground that exists between an audience and an arguer.
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Inductive reasoning
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moves from the particular to the general, recognizing patterns and making predictions based on examples
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Inference
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the process of drawing a conclusion
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Logos
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logical appeal
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Major premise
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is a major proposition or claim, most often in the context of a syllogism
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Metaphor
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a comparison of two things
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Minor premise
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is a minor proposition or claim, most often in the context of a syllogism.
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