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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most spine imaging is performed with the use of a. a surface/local coil b. ECG gating c. respiratory compensation d. peripheral gating |
a surface/local coil |
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in patients who have undergone surgery for a herniated disc in the lumbar spine, contrast enhancement can be used to distinguish recurrent disc from postoperative s can because a. postop scar never enhances and recurrent disc does enhance b. postop scar enhances and recurrent disc does not c. disc enhances more slowly than post op scar d. neither scar nor disc enhance |
c disc enhances more slowly than post op scar. scar enhances almost immediately after injection and will appear hyperintense to disc. after approximately 20 minutes, the disc will also enhance |
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for optimal imaging of the c spine, patient positioning and local coil placement are a. supine/under the neck to include from C1 to C7 b. supine/on top of the neck to include from C1 to C7 c. supine/beside the neck to include from C1 to C7 d. prone/on top of the neck to include from C1 to C7 |
a supine and under the neck |
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on a 24 CM FOV, sagittal Tspine image that demonstrates a cord compression, the vertebral level can be determined by using a. the xyphoid as a landmark and counting up from T1 b. the sternal notch as a landmark and counting down to T1 c. a large FOV localizer and counting down from C2 d. lead markers to mark T12 and T1 on large FOV images |
c large FOV localizer and counting down from C2 |
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in lumbar spine imaging, images acquired directly through inter-vertebral disc spaces can be acquired in the a. axial b. sagittal c. coronal d. oblique |
d oblique |
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on T1 weighted images of the spine, the CSF appears a. hyperintense to the spinal cord b. hypointense to the spinal cord c. isointense to the spinal cord d. a and c |
b hypointense to the spinal cord |
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the conus and the cauda equine in adult patients are best demonstrated by any of the following except a. sagittal image of the cspine b. sagittal image of the thoracic c. sagittal image of the lumbar d. coronal image of the thoracic |
a sagittal image of the cspine. the spinal cord generally ends at the level of T12 or L1, and the cauda equine extends inferior to the conus. However, the exact location will vary from patient to patient and with age. for this reason, MR imaging of the thoracic or lumbar spine (sagittal or coronal imaging planes) can be used to evaluate the conus and cauda equina |
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b.10 figure was acquired in the a. axial b. sagittal c. coronal d. off axis oblique |
b sagittal |
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b.10 is an example of a a. T1 b. T2 c. spin (proton) density weighted image d. T2* e. all of the above |
a T1 |
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arrow a is pointing to the a. oropharynx b. nasopharynx c. anterior arch of C1 d. dens (odontoid) |
a oropharynx |
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arrow b is pointing to the a. oropharynx b. nasopharynx c. anterior arch of C1 d. dens |
c anterior arch of C1 |
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arrow c is pointing to the a. oropharynx b. nasopharynx c. anterior arch of C1 d. dens |
d dens |
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arrow d is pointing to the a. CSF in the subarachnoid space b. the cervical disc c. the spinal cord d. the meninges |
b cervical disc |
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arrow e is pointing to the a. oropharynx b. nasopharynx c. trachea d. esophagus |
c trachea |
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arrow f is pointing to the a. vertebral body b. spinal cord c. intervertebral disc d. spinal canal |
b spinal cord |
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arrow g is pointing to the a. vertebral body b. spinal cord c. intervertebral disc d. spinal canal |
a vertebral body |
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figure b.10 the vertebral bodies of the Cspine can be visualized because a. bone is radiolucent and therefore appears dark on all MR images b. bone is dense and attenuates the RF pulse, and therefore appears bright on all MR images c. the hydrogen in cortical bone is too tightly bound to be "excited" by the MR imaging process, therefore cortical bone appears dark on MRI images and outlines the vertebral body d. bone marrow contains fat and water, and therefore appears bright depending upon the scan parameters used to create the image (surrounded by the outlining of the cortical bone) e. c and d |
c the hydrogen in cortical bone is too tightly bound to be excited by the MR imaging process therefor cortical bone appears dark on MR images and outline the vertebral body |
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b.10 there is a "slight" cervical disc herniation (bulge) at the level of a. C1/C2 b. C2/C3 c. C5/C6 d. C7/T1 |
c C5/C6 |
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3D gradient echo axial views can be used in cervical spine imaging to provide a. thing contiguous sections of the spine b. the ability to reformat into any other imaging plane, retrospectively c. the ability to get either T1, spin density, or T2* information by changing image acquisition parameters (TR,TE and flip angle) d. all of the above e. a and b only |
d all of the above. high resolution 3D enables the visualization of small nerve roots. Also, if 3D gradient echo images are acquired with short TR, short TE and small flip angle, T2* images can be created. If the flip angle is increased and the gradient echo is acquired with "spoiled" techniques, T1 gradient echoes are acquired. Finally, 3D acquisitions can be reconstructed in multiple imaging planes |
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in complete spine imaging, to rule out metastatic lesions of the spinal cord, contrast enhancement can be used with T1 weighted images because a. normal cord enhances and metastatic lesions do not b. metastatic lesions (within the cord) enhance and normal cord does not c. scar enhances and disc does not d. CSF is bright and cord is dark |
b metastatic lesions within the spinal cord enhance and normal cord does not |
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b.11 was acquired with a 48 cm rectangular FOV, 4mm slice thickness, and a 512X512 imaging matrix. A small FOV image that would bear the same spatial resolution is a. 24 cm FOV, 4mm ST and 256X256 matrix b. 48 cm FOV, 4 mm ST and 256X256 matrix (without RFOV) c. 24 cm RFOV, 2 mm ST and 256X256 matrix d. 12 cm FOV, 8mm ST and 512X512 |
a 24 cm FOV, 4mm ST and 256X256 matrix |
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judging from the SNR on b.11, the coil or coils that were most likely used to acquire this image are a. a 5" surface coil b. a Helmholtz coil pair c. the body coil d. phased array coils |
d phased array coils |
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b.11 the low signal intensity area (arrow H) that runs superior and inferior but posterior to the spinous processes represents a. the cruciate ligament b. chemical shift artifact c. the spinatus tendon d. gibbs or truncation artifact |
c the spinatus tendon |
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b.11 was acquired in the a. axial b. sagittal c. coronal d. oblique |
b sagittal |
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b.11 is an example of a a. T1 (fluid is dark and fat is bright) b. T2 (fluid is bright and fat is darker) c. spin (proton) density (both fat and fluid are bright) d. FLAIR [signal from fluid is attenutated or suppressed (dark) and the signal from fat is brighter] |
b T2 |
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arrow a is pointing to the a. pituitary gland b. internal auditory canals c. pons d. cervical spinal cord |
c pons |
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arrow b is pointing to the a. oropharynx b. nasopharynx c. pons d. cervical spinal cord |
d cervical spinal cord |
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arrow c is pointing to the a. C3 b. T3 c. L3 d. S3 |
b T3 |
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arrow d is pointing to the a. intervertebral disc b. vertebral body c. spinal cord d. cauda equina |
a vertebral body |
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arrow e is pointing to the a. cervical spinal cord b. conus medularis c. cauda equine d. esophagus |
b conus medularis |
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arrow f is pointing to the a. cervical spinal cord b. conus medularis c. cauda equine d. esophagus |
c cauda equina |
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arrow g is pointing to the a. lumbar vertebral body b. spinal cord c. intervertebral disc d. spinal canal e. sacrum |
e sacrum |
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figure b.12 was acquired in the a. axial b. sagittal c. coronal d. oblique |
b sagittal
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b.12 is an example of a. t1 b. t2 c. proton density d. t2* e. all of the above |
a T1 |
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b.12 could have been acquired with a spin echo (or fast spin echo) acquisition with a. short TR and short TE b. long TR and short TE c. short TR and long TE d. long TR and long TE |
a short TR and short TE |
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arrow a is pointing to the a. cervical spinal cord b. conus medularis c. cauda equina d. posterior longitudinal ligament e. anterior longitudinal ligament |
b cauda equina |
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arrow b is pointing to the a. ligamentum flavum b. conus medularis c. cauda equine d. posterior longitudinal ligament |
a ligamentum flavum |
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arrow c is pointing to the a. intervertebral disc b. spinous process c. tranverse process d. pedicle |
b spinous process |
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arrow d is pointing to the a. ligamentum flavum b. conus medularis c. cauda equine d. posterior longitudinal ligament e. anterior longitudinal ligament |
e anterior longitudinal ligament |
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arrow e is pointing to the a. ligamentum flavum b. conus medularis c. cauda equine d. posterior longitudinal ligament e. anterior longitudinal ligament |
c cauda equina |
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arrow f is pointing to the a. L3/4 intervertebral disc b. L4/5 c. cauda equine d. L4 e. L5 |
a L3/4 intervertebral disc |
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arrow g is pointing to the a. intervertebral disc b. vertebral body c. spinal cord d. epidural fat e. CSF |
d epidural fat |
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arrow H is pointing to the a. ligamentum flavum b. conus medularis c. cauda equine d. posterior longitudinal ligament e. anterior longitudinal ligament |
d posterior longitudinal ligament |
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arrow I is pointing to the a. L3/4 intervertebral disc b. L4/5 intervertebral disc c. cauda equine d. L4 e. L5 |
e L5 |
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arrow J is pointing to the a. L2/3 b. L3/4 c. L4/5 d. L5/S1 |
d L5/S1 |
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figure b.13 image to evaluate the intervertebral disc in the lumbar spine, imaging is generally performed in the a. axial b. sagittal c. coronal d. oblique |
d oblique |
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b.13 is an example of a. T1 b. T2 c. proton density d. FLAIR |
b T2 |
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b.13 could have been acquired with spin echo or FSE with a. short TR and short TE b. long TR and short TE c. short TR and long TE d. long TR and long TE |
d long TR and long TE. with fluid within the spinal canal being bright |
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arrow a is pointing to the a. abdominal aorta b. right common iliac artery c. left common iliac artery d. inferior vena cava (IVC) |
b right common iliac artery |
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arrow b is pointing to the a. right gluteal muscle b. left gluteal muscle c. right erector spinae muscle d. left erector spinae muscle e. right psoas muscle f. left psoas muscle |
e right psoas muscle |
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arrow c is pointing to the a. vertebral body b. left gluteal muscle c. intervertebral disc d. pedicle e. lamina |
c intervertebral disc |
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arrow d is pointing to the a. vertebral body b. left gluteal muscle c. intervertebral disc d. pedicle e. lamina |
d pedicle |
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arrow e is pointing to the a. spinal cord b. vertebral body c. intervertebral disc d. spinal canal with nerve roots |
d spinal canal with nerve roots |
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arrow f is pointing to the a. posterior longitudinal ligament b. facet joint c. zygapophyseal joint d. b and c |
d facet joint and zygapophyseal joint |
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arrow g is pointing to the a. vertebral body b. left gluteal muscle c. intervertebral disc d. pedicle e. lamina |
e lamina |
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arrow h is pointing to the a. intervertebral disc b. spinous process c. transverse process d. vertebral body e. pedicle |
b spinous process |
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arrow I is pointing to the a. right gluteal muscle b. left gluteal muscle c. right erector spinae muscle d. left erector spinael muscle e. right psoas muscle f. left psoas muscle |
c right erector spinae muscle |
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herniated disc cspine
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axial oblique plane center at the level of the suspected herniation image contrast: T1 and T2* (3D gradient echo) |
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herniated disc l spine
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axial oblique plane center at the level of the suspected herniation image contrast: T1 +GD for postop lumbar disc |
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spinal tumor
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any spinal location center at the level of the lesion image contrast: T1+GD with fat sat and T1 + GD without fat sat |
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infection, infarction inflammation, neoplasm
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any spinal location center at the level of the lesion image contrast: T1 + GD fat sat, T1 + GD without fat sat |
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Arnold-chiari malformation
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sagittal plane center at the cranio-cervical junction image contrast: T1 and T2 high resolution imaging |
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conus tumor (bowel and bladder dysfunction)
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sagittal plane center at the thraco-lumbar junction image contrast: T1 and T2 high resolution imaging |
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scoliosis
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coronal and oblique planes center for the complete spine image contrast: T1 and T2 with special oblique plane to create axial and sagittal to the plane of the curved spinal canal |
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brachial plexus
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coronal or sagittal planes nerves originate at the level of C4-T1 coil positioning and centering: approximately at the clavicle image contrast: T1 and T2 |
