Movement Science Test 1

Front 1

DEFINE posture

Back 1

the alignment of body segments with respect to one another and to the surrounding environment

Front 2

DEFINE "balance" or "equilibrium"

Back 2

the control of postural alignment

Front 3

DEFINE Newton's Third Law

Back 3

A state of equilibrium exists when the sum of the forces acting on a body is balanced

Front 4

When does a fall result?

Back 4

when the body is unable to combat a challenge to its center of gravity by means of a postural control response, resulting in a loss of upright position, and consequently experiences an impact on a lower surface

Front 5

DEFINE risk for falling

Back 5

Research shows that we can predict whether one person is more likely to fall than another

Front 6

Who is at risk for falling?

Back 6

*a person who has fallen in the last 6 mos
*those w/ impaired sensory input: vision, vestibular, somatosensory
*ppl with impaired posture
*pple with loss of use of one or more limbs
*ppl who have pain w/ movement
*ppl with diminished ROM
*ppl with weakness of the hip extensors, hip abductors, and dorsiflexors
*ppl with impaired neurological systems
*ppl w/ cardiovascular problems
*ppl w/ GI problems
*ppl w/ genitourinary problems
*ppl with impaired cognistion
*ppl w/ hip, distal radius, or vertebral body fractures
*ppl w/ depression
*ppl with impaired memory
*ppl who are afraid of falling
*ppl who perform tasks w/ high attentional demands
*ppl who take 4+ medications or any psychoactive medication

Front 7

What are some diseases that can impair sensory input?

Back 7

diabetes
CVA
low vision
vertigo
Total joint athroplasty

Front 8

What are some diseases that can cause impaired posture?

Back 8

Parkinson's Disease
Osteoporosis

Front 9

What are some diseases that can cause the loss of use of one or more limbs?

Back 9

CVA
amputation
SCI

Front 10

What diseases can cause diminished ROM?

Back 10

OA, RA, post traumatic stiffness

Front 11

What diseases cause impaired neurological systems?

Back 11

CVI, TIA, Parkinson's, delirium

Front 12

What diseases are included under cardiovascular problems?

Back 12

myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, postural hypotension

Front 13

What diseases are included under GI problems?

Back 13

bleeding, diarrhea, defacation syncope, post prandial syncope

Front 14

What diseases are included under genitourinary problems?

Back 14

incontinence, nocturia

Front 15

What is considered "impaired cognition"?

Back 15

A score of less than 24 on the Folstein MMSE

Front 16

What is considered "depressed"?

Back 16

score of less than 5 on the geriatric depression scale

Front 17

What does the OT practice framework identify balance as?

Back 17

Performance skil, specifically a motor skill related to maintenance of posture

Front 18

DEFINE motor skills

Back 18

skills in moving and interacting w/ task, objects, and environment

Front 19

What is included under motor skills in the OT practice framework?

Back 19

Posture
mobility
coordination
strength
energy

Front 20

What does the OT practice framework suggest developing your intervention on?

Back 20

occupational profile
occupational performance

Front 21

What is Pattern A of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 21

Primary prevention/risk reduction for loss of balance and falling

Front 22

What is Pattern B of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 22

Impaired neuromotor development

Front 23

What is Pattern C of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 23

Impaired motor fx and SI associated w/ nonprogressive disorders of the CNS: congenital or acquired in infancy or childhood

Front 24

Which pattern of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern is most seen in the clinic?>

Back 24

pattern A

Front 25

What is Pattern D of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 25

impaired motor fx and SI associated with nonprogressive disorders of the CNS: acquired in adolescence or adulthood

Front 26

What is Pattern E of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 26

Impaired motor fx and SI associated w/ progressive disorders of the CNS

Front 27

What is Pattern G of the Neuromuscular preferred practice pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 27

impaired motor fx and SI associated w/ acute or chronic polyneuropathies

Front 28

What is Pattern B of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 28

impaired posture

Front 29

What is Pattern C of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 29

impaired muscular performance

Front 30

What is Pattern D of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 30

impaired joint mobility, motor fx, mm performance, and ROM associated w/ lovalized inflammation

Front 31

What is Pattern F of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 31

impaired joint mobility motor fx, mm performance, and ROM associated w/ spinal disorders

Front 32

What is Pattern G of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 32

impaired joint mobility motor fx, mm performance, and ROM associated w/ fracture

Front 33

What is Pattern H of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 33

impaired joint mobility motor fx, mm performance, and ROM associated w/ joint arthroplasty

Front 34

What is Pattern I of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 34

impaired joint mobility motor fx, mm performance, and ROM associated w/ bony or soft tissue surgery

Front 35

What is Pattern J of the Musculoskeletal Preferred Practice Pattern in the Guide to PT practice?

Back 35

impaired joint mobility motor fx, mm performance, and ROM associated w/ amputation

Front 36

DEFINE balance

Back 36

the control of postural alignment

Front 37

DEFINE posture

Back 37

relates to the stabilizing and aligning of one's body while moving in relation to task objects w/ which one must deal

Front 38

DEFINE stabilizes

Back 38

maintains trunk control and blance while interacting w/ task objects such that there is no evidence of transient (quickly passing) propping or loss of balance that affects task performance

Front 39

DEFINE aligns

Back 39

maintains an upright sitting or standing position, w/out evidence of a need to persistently prop during task performance

Front 40

DEFINE positions

Back 40

positions body, arms, or wheelchair in relation to task objects in a manner that promotes the use of efficient arm movements during task performance

Front 41

What are the 5 aspects of the dynamic system of balance?

Back 41

environment
motor output
sensory input
cognition
task

Front 42

What are the different bodily components that maintain postural control?

Back 42

musculoskeletal components
internal representations
adaptive mechanisms
anticipatory mechanisms
tasks
individual sensory system
neuromuscular synergies

Front 43

What is included under "tasks"?

Back 43

ADL, IADL, education, work, play, leisure, roles and contextws

Front 44

What is included under "anticipatory mech"?

Back 44

vision, cognition, judgement, decision making, mapping

Front 45

What is included under "adaptive mech"?

Back 45

problem solving
organizing
recall

Front 46

What is included under "internal representations"?

Back 46

processing
habits and routines

Front 47

What is included under "neuromuscular synergies"?

Back 47

coordination
tone
movement synergies

Front 48

What are some basic principles of the biomechanics of balance?

Back 48

COG and Base of support
sway

Front 49

What sensory systems are involved in maintaining balance?

Back 49

visual
somatosensory (proprioception)
vestibular

Front 50

How does the visual system help maintain balance?

Back 50

*determine verticality by assessing vertically aligned objects in the environment
*proactive postural control
*children under 3 use vision as their primary source of sensory info for balance

Front 51

How does the somatosensory system help maintain balance?

Back 51

*proprioceptors in ligs and joint capsules
*stretch receptors (muscle spindles) in mm
*pressure receptors (primarily in soles of feet)
*longus coli mm

Front 52

How does the body solve conflicts between one or more systems involved with balance?

Back 52

the vestibular system is the tie-breaker (what it is telling the body goes)

Front 53

What are 2 technological tests to assess sensory organization?

Back 53

neurocom smart balance master (high tech)
sensory organization test (aka the "foam and dome" test) (low tech)

Front 54

How does the Sensory organization test work?

Back 54

provides a combination of standing on flat surface vs. foam, eyes open vs. eyes closed, visual conflict dome vs no dome

Front 55

What are the 2 outcomes for each of the 6 tests in the sensory organization tests?

Back 55

no change from normal (eyes open on flat surface) or increase sway

Front 56

How many reactions do humans have to a disruption to balance?

Back 56

3

Front 57

What percentage of all balnce strategies are proactive in nature?

Back 57

80-90%

Front 58

DEFINE proactive balance strategy

Back 58

therapist strive to help pts aviod falls by being proactive, rather than reactive

Front 59

What are 3 reactive balance strategies?

Back 59

postural strategies (ankle strategy, hip strategy, stepping strategy

Front 60

DEFINE ankle strategy

Back 60

pt sways forward-->backwards.
*sway is slow, small, and near midline
*distal to proximal contraction of mm on the contralateral side of sway

Front 61

DEFINE hip strategy

Back 61

pt sways forward-->backwards while bending at the hip
*COG movement is large, fast, and nearing the limit of stability
*proximal to distal mm contraction ipsilateral to the direction for COG displacement (the way the person is bending)

Front 62

DEFINE stepping strategy

Back 62

COG is displaced very rapidly or is displaced beyond the limit of stability
*involves stepping w/ the feet or reaching w/ the arms in an attempt to establish a new BOS

Front 63

What reactive strategies are most commonly used?

Back 63

ankle and stepping strategies

Front 64

What is an exercise that uses the ankle strategy?

Back 64

wall lean exercise

Front 65

What is an exercise that uses the stepping strategy?

Back 65

floor clock exercise

Front 66

What are common balance assessment test/tools?

Back 66

*the university of oklahoma balance assessment tool
*sesnory organization
*berg balance scale
*functional reach test
*university of oklahom hazard assessment form

Front 67

What are 3 rules of thumb for balance assessment?

Back 67

*screen for balance dysfunction/falls risk in you intake and history
*screen in your PE using the functional reach
*in functional reach indicates risk for falling, administer berg balance scale

Front 68

What information should you get from a patient with risk of falling/history of falling?

Back 68

*when was your last fall?
*develop a history of falling for the pt
*understand the patient's "typical day"
*pt's desired outcome
*medication

Front 69

What should be recorded with a person w/ a history of falling?

Back 69

Symptoms before the fall
Previous falls
Location of the fall
Activity at the time of fall
Time of day when the fall occurred
Trauma acquired from the fall
(SPLATT)