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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
voluntary movement
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act of will, mover assumes responsibility
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involuntary movement
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not voluntary
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paralysis
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absence of movement
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paresis
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reduced power of movement
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bradykinesia
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reduced speed and spontaneity of movement
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akinesia
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absence of spontaneous movement
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muscle tone
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degree of resistance of a limb to passive manipulation
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hypotonia
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lower muscle tone
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rigidity
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increase in muscle tone
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spasticity
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altered muscle tone, increased resistance to passive movement
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akathisia
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state of restlessness
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ataxia
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loss of muscular coordination
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dysmetria
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clumsiness, irregular displacement of limb (bad movement)
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counter movement (Gegenhalten)
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movement that is equal in force and opposite in direction
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tremor
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involuntary, rhythmic and regular oscillation
4 types: action (voluntary), kinetic (during movement), postural, rest |
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asterixis
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brief lapses of pasture observed with arms raised and extended at the elbows and wrists
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chorea
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dance-like movement
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athetosis
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involuntary, slow, writhing movement
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dystonia
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twisting, involuntary movement
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myoclonus
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brief, jerky, shock-like involuntary movement
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tic
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brief, stereotyped, repetitive, inappropriate movement
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ballismus
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violent, flinging proximal movement; due to subthalamic nucleus lesion
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parkinson's disease
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neuronal degeneration of pars compacta of substantia nigra --cells no longer produce dopamine
path: loss of pigement in S.N + eosinophilic inclusion (Lewy bodies) CF: bradykinesia (masked face), "pill-rolling" tremor at rest, cog-wheeling (rigidity + tremor), stooped poture, shuffling gait treatment: levodopa with carbidopa (inhibits preipheral conversion of l-dopa to dopa) |
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progressive supranuclear palsy
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neuronal degeneration of pons + midbrain
path: depigmentation of S.N CF: parkinsonism + pseudobulbar palsy (hyper-reflexic weakness of lower muscles), supranuclear ocular palsy (loss of voluntary eye movement) treatment: L-Dopa |
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Wilson's disease
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defect in copper transport protein, ceruloplasmin
autosomal recessive, chrom 13q14.3 path: liver cirrhosis and basal ganglia degeration CF: Kayser-Fleischer ring- yellow-brown discoloration of cornea due to Cu build up dystonia, dysartria, parkinsonism, ataxia, and chorea, "sardonic grin", "wing-beathing" tremor tests: low serum ceruloplasmin, increased urinary Cu excretion, liver biopsy (elevated Cu) treatment: pencilliamin- short term zinc - long term |