Movement Analysis Ii- Midterm

Front 1

What causes active insufficiency of the wrist?

Back 1

fist in full wrist flexion
-flexors are actively insufficient
-extensors are passively insufficient

Front 2

What motions have greatest ROM in the wrist?

Back 2

Ulnar deviation: 30 degrees (as opposed to only 15 degrees of radial deviation)

Flexion: 65 degrees (as opposed to 55 degrees of extension)

*due to ulnar and palmar tilts in wrist

Front 3

Extrinsic Ligaments of the wrist

Back 3

Dorsal Radiocarpal ligament: taut during flexion

Radial Collateral ligament: taut during ulnar deviation

Palmar Radiocarpal ligament: taut during extension

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC): taut during radial deviation

Front 4

What nerve is compressed during carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 4

median nerve

Front 5

What is the central column theory?

Back 5

arthrokinematics of the wrist based on the central column theory

3rd metacarpal, capitate, lunate, radius

Front 6

What are the arthrokinematics of the radiocarpal & midcarpal joints?

Back 6

radiocarpal extension: convex on concave
*lunate rolls dorsally, slides palmarly

midcarpal extension: convex on concave
*capitate rolls dorsally, slides palmarly

Front 7

Which direction do you mobilize a joint to increase ROM?

Back 7

mobilize distal bone in direction of the glide

ie: pt lacks wrist extension: mobilize lunate palmarly w/radius stabilized

Front 8

What are the arthrokinematics of ulnar and radial deviation?

Back 8

convex on concave
roll towards direction of deviation

*motion of distal row dictates motion of proximal row

Front 9

Innervation of wrist muscles

Back 9

Radial nerve: ECRL, ECRB, ECU

Median nerve: FCR and Palmaris longus

Ulnar nerve: FCU

Front 10

Agonists & Synergists of wrist extension

Back 10

Agonists:
ECRB, ECRL & ECU

Synergists: Ext Dig Comm, Ext Dig Min, Ext Pol Long

(finger extensors are synergists)

Front 11

Agonists & Synergists of wrist flexion

Back 11

Agonists:
FCR & FCU

Synergists:
FDP, FDS, Flex Pol Long

(finger flexors are synergists)

Front 12

Arches of the hand

Back 12

2 transverse arches: at CMC and MCP joints
1 longitudinal arch: formed by shape of metacarpal bones

Front 13

Motions of the thumb in the frontal plane

Back 13

Flexion: towards midline

Extension: away from midline

Front 14

Motions of the thumb in the sagittal plan

Back 14

Adduction: towards palm

Abduction: away from palm

Front 15

Which digits are most important in grip?

Back 15

1st, 4th & 5th
allow hand to change shape
1st digit rotated 90 degrees to help grasp

Front 16

CMC arthrokinematics of 1st digit

Back 16

saddle joint: allows for opposition of the thumb
*much more mobile than other CMC joints

Convex on concave in sagittal plan

Concave on convex in frontal plane

Front 17

CMC arthrokinematics of digits 2-5

Back 17

flexion/extension only

limited motion due to strong ligaments

Front 18

MCP arthrokinematics of 1st digit

Back 18

flexion/extension only since most motion comes from CMC
****flexion/extension happens in frontal plane since MCP is rotated 90 degrees
*concave on convex

ie: flexion: roll/slide ulnarly

Front 19

MCP arthrokinematics of digits 2-5

Back 19

2 DOF- flex/ext & ab/adduction

Concave on convex in frontal plane

Concave on convex in sagittal plane

Front 20

Extrinsic flexors of the digits

Back 20

FDP- flexes PIP & DIP joints (only one that flexes DIPs)

FDS- flexes PIP joints

FPL- flexes IP joint of 1st digit

Front 21

Action of lumbricles

Back 21

Flex MCP
Extend PIP & DIP
"wave bye"

Front 22

Action of Interosseous muscles

Back 22

PADs adduct
and DABs abduct

flex MCP
Extend IP

Front 23

What muscles are needed to fully extend digits?

Back 23

EDC w/PADs, DABs & lumbricles

Front 24

Bowstringing of flexors

Back 24

when tunnel that flexor tendon runs through breaks, tendon bowstrings
=
decreased ROM at PIP joint but larger internal moment arm (greater mechanical advantage

Front 25

What is Osteoligamentus support?

Back 25

when a person doesn't use muscles to support body weight-relies on bones and ligaments to maintain posture

Front 26

3 articulations of vertebrae

Back 26

Intervertebral joint (w/disk btw sup and inf vertebrae)

Superior facets (w/inf facets of superior vertabrae)

Inferior facets (w/sup facets on inf vertebrae)

Front 27

4 stages of disk herniation

Back 27

Protrusion: slight bulge of nucleus pulposus

Prolapse: nucleus almost breaks through annulus

Extrusion: annular fibers distrupted

Sequestration: free nuclear material outside of disk

Front 28

Nerve root compression secondary to disk problem

Back 28

can occur with prolapse, extrusion or sequestration

*initially loss of sensation
**after 6 weeks, muscle weakness
***spacticity if spinal cord is compressed

Front 29

What are the transverse and alar ligaments?

Back 29

ligaments of the axis
-stabilize dens
transverse=wraps around posterior part of dens
alar=connect dens to skull

Front 30

Motion of cervical spine:

Back 30

Rotation: 90 (45 from upper, 45 from lower)

Flexion: 50 (15 from upper, 35 from lower)

Extension: 85 (15 from upper, 70 from lower)

Lateral Flexion: 40 (5 from upper, 35 from lower)

Front 31

Facets of lower C spine

Back 31

facets at 45 degrees, allows for rotation

Front 32

Motion of thoracic spine

Back 32

Flexion: 40
Extension: 25
Rotation: 30

Front 33

Motion of lumbar spine

Back 33

Flexion: 50
Extension: 15
Rotation: 5
Lateral Flexion: 20

Front 34

Lumbopelvic rhythm

Back 34

analogous to scapulohumeral rhythm
=ratio of relative motion from lumbar spine and hips during sagittal motions

normal is equal flexion from lumbar spine and hips

Front 35

Nutation/counternutation

Back 35

nutation: flexion of Si joint
*top of sacrum moves anterior and inferior

counternutation: extension of SI joint
*top of sacrum moves posterior and inferior

Front 36

Anterior pelvic tilt

Back 36

"sway back"
hyperextension of lumbar spine

Front 37

Posterior pelvic tilt

Back 37

"tucked under"
flexion of lumbar spine