Motor Control/ Motor Learning

Front 1

Motor control

Back 1

-study of nature of movement or the ability to regulate/ direct essential movement

-old models thought cortex was the highest level and cord was lowest

- new models believe there is a greater distribution of control

Front 2

Motor Learning

Back 2

-the study of the aquisition or modification of movement

-provides guidelines for appropriate use of feedback

-prioritizes impact of practice as it relates to skill and movement

-focuses on transfer of learning across tasks and environments or practice

Front 3

Three Stage model of learning:

Back 3

- cognitive stage

- associative stage

-autonomous stage

Front 4

cognitive stage of learning

Back 4

- high concentration and conscious processing of info.

-pt will acquire the goal and begin problem solving

-controlled environment is ideal

Front 5

cognitive stage characterized by?

Back 5

-Large amount of errors

- repetition of effort allows for improvement in strategies

-high degree of cognitive work: listening, observing, processing feedback

Front 6

Associative Stage

Back 6

- pt able to accomplish goal more independently, and able to determine correct vs incorrect performance easier

-avoid excessive external feedback

Front 7

Associative stage characterized by

Back 7

-Decreased errors with new skill performance

-decreased need for concentration and cognition regarding activity

-large amount of practice yields refinement of the motor program surrounding the activity

Front 8

Autonomous stage

Back 8

- final stage of learning

-pt improves efficiency of activity w/o great need for cognitive control

-pt can perform task with interference from variable environment

Front 9

Autonomous stage characterized by

Back 9

-automatic response; distraction does not impact activity

-mainly error-free regardless of environment

-internal feedback or self-assessment should be dominant

Front 10

Types of feedback

Back 10

-Intrinsic (inherent) feedback

-Extrinsic (augmented) feedback

Front 11

Intrinsic (inherent) feedback

Back 11

-all feedback that comes to the person through sensory systems as a result of the movement including visual, vestibular, proprioceptive, and somatosensory inputs

Front 12

Extrinsic (augmented) feedback?

- Types?

Back 12

info provided while task or movement is in progress or after movement- usually verbal or manual contacts

--Knowledge of results

--knowledge of performance

Front 13

Knowledge of results

Back 13

-extrinsic feedback including terminal feedback regarding the outcome of a movement that has been performed in comparison with the movements goal

Front 14

Knowledge of performance

Back 14

extrinsic feedback relating to the actual movement pattern used to achieve goal of movement

Front 15

Types of practice

Back 15

-Massed practice

-Distributed practice

-constant practice

-variable practice

-Random practice

-Blocked practice

Front 16

Massed practice

Back 16

practice time is greater than rest time for each trial

Front 17

distributed practice

Back 17

rest time equals practice time for each trial

Front 18

Constant practice

Back 18

Practice of a given task under a uniform condition

Front 19

Variable practice

Back 19

practice of task under differing conditions

Front 20

Random practice

Back 20

varying practice amongst different tasks

Front 21

Blocked practice

Back 21

consistent practice of a single task