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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three grand theories of motivation?
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Will, Instincts, Drives
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What are the four drive theories presented in the book
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Freud's Drive Theory
Hull's Drive Theory Decline of Drive Theory Post-drive theory |
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mini thoeies
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describe the active nature of the person, came form the cognitive revolution,
Applied, socially relevant research |
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Grand Theory
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an all-encompassing theory that seeks to exlainthe full range of motivated action--why we eat, drink, work, play, compete, fear...
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Drive
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Arose from functional biology, one that understood that the function of behavior was to service bodily needs. As biological imbalances occurred, animals psychologically experienced these bodily deficits as "drive".
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Freud's Drive Theory
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focuses on satisfaction of needs.
Source Impetus Aim Object |
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Criticisms of Freud's Drive Theory
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A relative overestimation of the contribution of biological forces of motivation
An over-reliance on data taken from case studies of distrubed individuals Ideas that were not scientifically testable. |
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Hull's Drive Theory
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Particular needs for food, water, sex, sleep, and so forth summed to constitute a total bodily need
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Drive theory rested on three fundamental assumptions
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Drive emerged from bodily needs
Drive energized behavior, Drive reduction was reinforcing and produced learning |
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Mini thoeries
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unlike grand theories to exlain the full range of motivation, mini-theories limit their attention to specific motivational phenomenon.
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Mini theories seek to understand or investigate one particular:
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motivational phenomenon (the flow experience)
particular circumstances that affect motivation (failure feedback) groups of people (extraverts, children, workers) Theoretical questions (what is the relationship between cognition and emotion) |
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- Three historical trends explain why motivation study left behind its tradition of the grand theories to embrace the mini-theories of motivation.
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Active nature of the person
Cognitive Revolution Applied research |
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Cognitive Revolution
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- It was a time which researchers focused on the power of thought, beliefs, and judgments as the primary causes of behavior.
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- The cognitive revolution had two additional effects on thinking about motivation.
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o First, intellectual discussions about motivation emphasized cognitive constructs (goals) and deemphasized biological and environmental constructs.
o Second, the cognitive revolution complemented the emerging movement of humanism. |
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Applied, Socially relevant research
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- Researchers turned their attention to questions that were relevant to solving the motivational problems people faced in their lives—at work, in school, in coping with stress, in solving health problems, in reversing depression, and so on.
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