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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Afferent Division
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Nerve fibers that send impluses from the periphery to the central nervous system.
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Anatomical Position
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A position, standin erect with feet and palms facing toward the examiner.
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Anterior
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The front, or ventral, surface.
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Capillaries
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Tiny vessels that connect arterioles to venules.
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Central Nervous System
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The brain and Spinal cord.
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Efferent
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Nerve fibers that send impluses from the central nervous system to the periphery.
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Homeostasis
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A state of equilibrium in the body with respect to functions and composition of fluids and tissues.
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Inferior
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Toward the feet; below a point of reference in the antommical position.
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Integumentary system
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The largest organ system in the body, consisting of the skin and assessory structures.
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Limbic system
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The part of the brain involved with emotions and olfaction.
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Lymphatic system
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The network of vessels, ducts, nodes, valves, and organs involved in protecting and maintaining the internal fluid environment of the body
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Organ
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A structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized to perform a more complex functionthan any one tissue alone.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
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The subdivision of the autonomic nervous system usually involved in activating vegetative functions such as digestion, defecation, and urination
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Peripheral Nervous System
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A subdivision of the nervous system consisting of nerves and ganglia
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Plasma Membrane
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The outer covering of a cell that contains the cellular cytoplasm; also known as the cell membrane.
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Posterior
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The back, or dorsal, surface.
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Prone
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The position in which the patient is lying on the stomach (face down).
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Reticular activating system
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A functional system in the brain essential for wakefulness, attention, concentration, and introspection.
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Somatic Nervous System
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The part of the nervous system composed of nerve fibers that send impulses from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscle.
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Superior
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Situated above or higher than a point of reference in the anatomical position.
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Supine
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The position in which the patient is lying on the back (face up)
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System
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Interconnected functions or organs in which a stimulus or an action in one area affects all other areas.
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Epie
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On top.
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SA node
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60-100 BPM
Good. |
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AV node
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40-60 BPM
Taking over for SA node. |
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Purkinje Fibers
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20-40 BPM
Your ******, last line of defence. |
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Cricoid cartilage
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Only full ring in the trachea.
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Carina
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Split in trachea in to the right and left bronchi.
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Left bronchi
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More acutely angled than the right.
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7.35 to 7.45
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Normal body Ph
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Carbonic drive
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Breathing based on levels of carbon in body.
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Hypoxic drive
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Breathing based on oxygen levels
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Automaticity
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Ability of heart to generate its own electricty.
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What Ph stand for?
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Potential of hydrogen.
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Viseral Pleura
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Covers organs
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Parital
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Covers inside of cavities
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DAP
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Dura mater
Arachnoid Pia Mater |
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7 12 5 5 4
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Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx
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Hypertrophy
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Increase in cell size(with out an increase in the number of cells)
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Hyperplasia
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Excessive increase in the number cells
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Metaplasia
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A chage in into a form that is not normal for that cell.
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Dysplasia
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The develpoment of abnormal changes in mature cells. Often seen as precancerous.
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Brain Stem
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Medulla, Pons, Midbrain.
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Medulla
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Most inferior portion of the brain stem. Regulates heart rate, blood vessels, breathing, swallowing vomiting, coughing,and sneesing.
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Four tissue types
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Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.
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Epithelial tissue
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Covers surfaces of forms structures(e.g. glands)
Skin |
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Connective
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Most abundant type in body.
Fat, Tendons, Cartilage, Bone, Blood, bone marrow. |
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Hypothalamus
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Regulation of body temerature, water balance, sleep-cycle control, appetite, sexual arousal.
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Isotonic dehydration
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Loss of sodium and water in equal amounts.
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Hypernatremic dehydration
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Loss of more water than sodium.
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Hyponatremic dehydration
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Loss of more sodium than water.
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Normal body % of water
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Male=60%
Female=50% Infant=70% |
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Acidosis
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A condition marked by high concentration of hydrogen ions. (pH below 7.35)
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Active transport
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A carrier mediated process that can move substances against a concentration gradient.
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Aerobic
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Of or pertaining to the presence of air or oxygen.
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Afterload
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The total resistance against which blood must be pumped.
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Alkalosis
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A condition marked by a low concentration of hydrogen ions. (pH above 7.45)
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Allergens
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Substances that can produce hypersensitivity reactions in the body.
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Anaerobic
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of or pertaining to the absence of oxygen.
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anion
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An ion with a negative charge.
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Atrophy
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Decreace in the size of a cell.
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Cardiac output
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The volume of bloob pumped each minute by the ventricle.
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cation
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An ion with a positive charge.
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Diffusion
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A process where a higher concentration moves to a lower concentration and vise versa.
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Edema
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The accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces.
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Hyperkalemia
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High potassium
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Hypercalcemia
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High calcium
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Hypermagnesemia
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High magnesium
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Sypernatremic
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High sodium
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Hypertonic
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A solution that causes cells to shrink.
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Hypokalemia
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Low potassium
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Hypomagnesemia
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Low magnesium
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Hyponatremic
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Low sodium.
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Hypoperfusion
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Shock.
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Hypotonic
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A solution that causes a cell to swell.
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Interstitial fluid
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Fluid that occupies the space outside the blood vessels and/or outside the cells of an organ or tissue.
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Intracellular fluid
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The fluid found in all body cells.
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Ischemia
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A state of insufficient perfusion of oxygenated blood to a body organ or part.
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Isotonic
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A solution that causes cells to neither shrink nor swell.
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Lactic Acidosis
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Caused by accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, resulting in lower pH.
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Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
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The progressive failure of two or more organ systems.
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Preload
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The amount of blood returning to the ventricle.
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ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate
Stores enegry in muscles. |
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Hydrogen ions
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More hydrogen the lower the pH.
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Electrolytes
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Potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium
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Acid/base balance
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For a body to function this balance must be kept in a narrow range.
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Bile
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A bitter, yellow-green secretion of the liver that is stored in the gallbladder.
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Buffer systems
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Respitory-lungs
Renal-liver Bicarbanate |
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Sternum
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Manubrium
Body Xiphoid process |
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Pericardium
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The membrane that surrounds the heart.
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Larynx
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The voice box, inferior to the pharynx.
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Pancreas
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In the epigastric region
Secreates digestive enzymes, insulinand glucagon. |
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Spleen
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Located in upper part of abdominal cavitybetween stomach and diaphragm, stores red blood calls.
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Ligaments
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Connects bone to bone.
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Tendons
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Connects muscle to bone.
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Cranial nerve 1
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Olfactory nerve,
nose to brain smell |
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Cranial nerve 10
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Vagus nerve
From throat,larynx, and abdominal cavity. heart beat, swallowing, speach |
