More Test 3

Front 1

myosin stats

Back 1

made of 200 - 500 myosin molecules
2 entwines polypeptides(look like golf clubs)

Front 2

polypeptides

Back 2

tails face the center and heads face the outside

Front 3

central area of myosin

Back 3

bare area with no heads, only tails

Front 4

Actin

Back 4

thin filament
two intertwines strans fibrous actin
globular actin with an active site

Front 5

tropomyocin

Back 5

long orange protein that stops mucles from contracting

Front 6

Troponin

Back 6

one small calcium binding molecule for each tropomyocin.
large amounts of calcium changes troponin shape, and pulls out topomyocin, causing a contraction.

Front 7

contractile proteins

Back 7

myosin and actin(doers)

Front 8

Regulatory proteins

Back 8

tropomyocin and troponin

Front 9

steps of T & T

Back 9

switch starts and stops muscle.
contraction activated by release of calcium into the sarcoplasm and its binding to troponin
troponin moves tropomyocin off the actin active site.

Front 10

Dark Band

Back 10

A band (thick filament region)
Myosin

Front 11

Light Band

Back 11

I Band (thin filament region)
Actin
gets shorter with contraction

Front 12

sarcomere

Back 12

from 1 Z-disk to the next is one sarcomere.

Front 13

H zone

Back 13

Light strand between dark bands.

Front 14

Symatic motor neurons

Back 14

make ACh- acetocoline

Front 15

ATP Pump

Back 15

makes a cell electrically excitable, by pumping Na, and K in and out of the cell.

Front 16

Resting Membrane Potential

Back 16

Inside the cell is -80/-90mV

Front 17

Relax

Back 17

Potasium is running inside the cell

Front 18

Contract

Back 18

Sodium going outside the cell

Front 19

Electrical stimulus begins

Back 19

when the pump runs

Front 20

Muscle contraction and relaxation

Back 20

1. excitation- nerve action potentials lead to action potentials in nerve fibers
2. Excitation contraction coupling- action potentials on the sarcolema activate myofilaments
3.Contraction- shorteing of muscle fiber
4. Relaxation- return to resting length

Front 21

1. Excitation

Back 21

Nerve signal opens voltage gated calcium stimulates exocytosis of synaptic vesicles containing ACh, then ACh releases into the Synaptic cleft.

Front 22

Wave Peaks

Back 22

when the wave peaks it will begative on the on the outside and positive on the inside.

Front 23

membrane voltage

Back 23

will determine whether the gate on the synaptic knob will open or close.

Front 24

End Plate Petential

Back 24

Binding ACh to Receptor Proteins will open Na and K channels resulting in a jump in RMP from -90 to + 75mV

Don't move anywhere.
Triggers action Plate.

Front 25

Action Potential

Back 25

Voltage change in EPP opens nearby voltage gated channels, this is like a wave

It does move.voltage gauged by sodium and potasium

Front 26

2. Excitation Contraction Coupling

Back 26

action potential spreading over sarcolema enters t-tubules voltage gated channels open in t-tubules causing calcium gates to open in SR

Front 27

T-Tubules carry what?

Back 27

action potentials through the sarcolema.
this electrical activity releases calcium from the sarcolema.

Front 28

Calcium from SR

Back 28

Binds to troponin, the toponin, tropomyocin complex changes shape and exposes active sites on actin.

Front 29

3. Contraction

Back 29

Myosin ATP in myosin head hydrolyzed on ATP molecule, activating the head and "cocking" it in on extended position
myosin head binds to actin active site forming cross bridge.

Front 30

Power Stroke

Back 30

myosin head releases ADP and phosphate as it flexes pulling the thin filament past the thick.

Front 31

Sliding Filament Theory

Back 31

thick and thin filaments dont become shorter, they just slide part eachother.

Front 32

4.Relaxation

Back 32

Nerve stimulus ceases ACh- sterase removes ACH from receptors, stimulation of the muscle cell ceases.

Front 33

In relations Active Transport

Back 33

Pumps calcium back into the SR, through active calcium pumps.

Front 34

relaxation and ATp

Back 34

ATP is needed for relaxation as well as contraction.

Front 35

Rigamortis

Back 35

calcium leaks from SR, causing the muscles to contract.

Front 36

Exocytosis

Back 36

is triggered by calcium

Front 37

Calcium Channels

Back 37

open during voltage change and calcium then difuses in SR and bonds with troponin

Front 38

AChe

Back 38

is found in Synaptic CLeft, eats away ACH when not absorbed.

Front 39

Length Tension Relationship

Back 39

Amount of tension generated depends on length of muscle, or sarcomere before it was stimulated.

Front 40

Overly COntracted

Back 40

Weak!
Thick filament to close to Z disk and cant slide.

Front 41

too Stretched

Back 41

Weak!
little overlap of thin and thick does not allow for ery many cross bridges to form.

Front 42

Optimum Resting Length

Back 42

Produces greatest Force.

Front 43

Threshold

Back 43

voltage producing on action potential.

Front 44

Twitch

Back 44

a single breif stimulus at that voltage produces a quick cycle of contraction and relaxation, lasting less than 1/10 of a second.
single twitch is very weak.

Front 45

Latent Period

Back 45

the time between the stimulus starts and when the contraction begins.

Front 46

Threshold Stimuli

Back 46

Produces twitches, but twitches of individual muscle fibers remain unchanged despite increased voltage.

Front 47

variability in contraction

Back 47

due to Ca2 concentration, previus stretch of the muscle, temperture, ph, and hydration.

Front 48

Recruitment and stimulus intensity

Back 48

stimulating a whole nerve with higher voltage produces stronger contractions

Front 49

Multiple Motor Unit Summation

Back 49

More motor units are being recruited
also known as spatial summation