Monogenea, Acanthocephala, Nematodes

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Monogenea

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- second class of major flukes

- ECTOparasites on aquatic vertebrates

- DIRECT LIFE CYCLES

- adult produce egg

- hermaphrodites

- prophator: anterior

- opisthator: posterior

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Gyrodactylus adult

- host: body surface of freshwater fish

- undergo serial plyembryony (asexual) for rapid increase in population

- serious pest and cause mortality

- fish surrounded by thin moving halo

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Gyrodactylus adult

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Octomacrum adult

- gill flukes of FRESHWATER FISH

- common in alberta

-no real serious disease

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Octomarcrum adult

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Rjonchocotyle adult

- live on CARTILAGENOUS FISH

- wide distribution

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Rajonchocotyle adult

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Microcotyle adult

- infect variety of MARINE and FRESHWATER FISH

- opisthaptor have large number of tiny clamps

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Microcotyle adult

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Acanthocephala

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- thorny headed worms

- SEPARATE SEXES

- pseudocoelomate: internal organs float free within coelom without peritoneum

- no mouth or digestive tract - nutrients absorbed

- males seal vagina after copulation with cement

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Echinorhynchus adult

- freshwater and marine fish

- size dimorphism: MALE SMALLER on the right side

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Echinorhynchus male

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Echinorhynchus adult male

- have cement glands

- lemniscus is the brain

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Echinorhynchus adult female

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Polymorphus adult

- female on the right

- BIRDS AND MAMMALS

- behavioural alteration in CRUSTACEAN intermediate

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Nematodes

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- round worms

- pseudocoelomate, covered in thick cuticle

- COMPLETE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

- most have different sex organs

- most produce an egg

- most have DIRECT LIFE CYCLE

- pass through FOUR LARVAL STAGES before adult

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Trichinella

- small (2-3mm long)

- infect variety of mammals

- each host is first the definitive host

- adults are INTRA-MULTI-CELLULAR

- has stichocytes - secretory cells surrounding esophagus

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Trichinella muscle larva

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Trichinella muscle larva

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Trichinella adult male

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Trichinella adult male

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Trichinella adult female

- female is thinner than the male

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Trichinella adult female

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Trichuris

- WHIPWORMS

- anterior burrows into INTESTINAL MUCOSA

- cause serious pathology in mammal host

- gastrointestinal problems (abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal prolapse) and growth retardation

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Trichuris eggs

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Trichuris eggs

- left unembryonated

-right embryonated

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Trichuris adult female

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Trichuris adult female

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Trichuris adult male

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Trichuris adult male

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Heligmosomoides

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- RODENTS

- used as a model for studies in behaviour, immunology, physiology, pathology and ecology

- DIRECT LIFE CYCLE

- coiled body shape of adult

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Heligmosomoides egg

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Heligmosomoides L3

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Heligmosomoides adults mating

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Heligmosomoides male

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Heligmosomoides female

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Hookworms

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- ancylostoma and necator

- well developed cutting plates in buccal capsule

- serious to humans and mammals - ANEMIA AND DEATH

- adults 10mm long

- infection via skin penetration

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Hookworm buccal capsule