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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the rear segment of an insect's body
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abdomen
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the front of head end of an organism
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anterior
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any member of a large phylum or spore-forming protozoa, many of which have complex life cycles and frequently cause disease
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apicomplexan
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single-celled prokaryotic organisms that often cause disease (eg. E.coli)
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bacteria
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an insect in the family Braconidae, order Hymenoptera; they are small (2-5mm) parasitoids and their larvae feed on other insects, including aphids and caterpillars, as hosts
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braconid wasp
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a butterfly's pupa, representing the developmental stage between a caterpillar and an adult butterfly
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chrysalis
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the exoskeleton or outer membrane of an insect's body
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cuticle
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the back or upper surface of an organism
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dorsal
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to emerge from an egg or pupa
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eclose
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the emergence of an adult insect from the pupal case or an insect larva from an egg
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eclosion
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protozoa in the order Gregarinida; many of these parasitize the digestive tracts of invertebrate hosts
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gregarine
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the equivalent to blood in invertebrates; fills the body cavity and is composed of water, salts, organic molecules, and immune cells called hemocytes
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hemolymph
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transmission of an infectious disease between 2 individual hosts that are not related as parent-offspring; eg. transmission by direct social/sexual contact, coughing/respiratory-aerosol droplets, or exposure to food or water contaminated with infectious particles
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horizontal transmission
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the organism that a parasite lives in or on; the organism that is harmed in a parasitic relationship
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host
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the layer of skin cells that secreete the nonliving cuticle on the outside of an insect
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hypoderm
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an illness that can pass from one organism to another
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infectious disease
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to introduce or implant a microorganism into (the body or an animal or culture)
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inoculate
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a layer that covers the outside of an organism, such as skin or cuticle
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integument
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an animal that does not have a backbone
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invertebrate
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the newly hatched, worm-like stage of an insect species that undergo complete metamorphosis; eg. caterpillars and maggots
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larva
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to dissolve or destroy
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lyse
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an extremely small organism, such as a bacterium or protozoan, that can not be seen without a microscope
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microorganism
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the portion of the gut found in the front of the abdomen (segments 1-6 on a caterpillar) where food is broken down by digestive chemicals and absorbed
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midgut
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a roundworm
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nematode
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protozoa in the order Neogregarinorida; most are obligate parasites on invertebrate hosts; as compared to the gregarines, these parasites replicate in tissues other than the gut and have an additional phase of cell division by multiple fission
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neogregarine
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a parasite that can not lead an independent non-parasitic lifestyle, as opposed to species that are facultatively parasitic
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obligate parasite
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an abbreviation from Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, the protozoan parasite which infects monarch butterflies
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Oe
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a resistant spore phase of some protozoa
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oocyst
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a living thing
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organism
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the act of egg-laying (depositing eggs)
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oviposition
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an organism that grows, feeds, and lives on or in another orgnaism harming it; the organism that benefits in a parasitic relationship
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parasite
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the number of parasites on an infected host; eg. the number of Oe spores on an adult butterfly
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parasite load
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a parasitic insect that lives in only one host, usually killing it
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parasitoid
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an organism that causes disease
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pathogen
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the rear of an organism
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posterior
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an organism, usually an animal, that kills and eats other organisms, usually animals
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predator
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the organism that is killed and eaten by a predator
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prey
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any of the members of the kingdom Protista, which includes protozoans, algae, and slime molds
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protist
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an animal-like protist; a single-celled protist that is usually microscopic, can move, and obtains energy from other organisms; eg. amebas, paramecia, and Oe.
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protozoan
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a butterfly species that occurs in Central America and the extreme southern part of the U.S.; similar in appearance to monarchs and in the same genus (Danaus); the only other butterfly species known to be infected by Oe.
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queen butterfly
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the basic unit of biological and taxonomic organization; usually assigned a two-part Latin name and defined as a group of similar organisms that mate and produce fertile offspring
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species
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a resistant structure that protects the cell until it is able to grow into a new organism
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spore
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any member of a large phylum of protozoans, many of which have complex life cycles, often survive as spores, and frequently cause disease
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sporozoan
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an insect in the order Diptera (true flies), many of which are parasitoids of butterfly and moth larvae
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tachinid fly
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the middle segment of an insect's body
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thorax
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asexual reproduction
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vegetative reproduction
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the belly or abdominal side of an organism
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ventral
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transmission that occurs from parent to offspring (usually from mother to child)
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vertical transmission
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the ability of a parasitic organism to cause disease; also refers to the severity of disease caused, and the level of damage to host resources or tissues. Ecologically speaking, virulence refers to the negative effects of parasites on host fitness (survival and reproduction)
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virulence
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an exceedingly small nonliving particle made of nucleic acid and a protein coat that frequently causes disease
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virus
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a fertilized egg; the cell that results when an egg and sperm cell fuse together or join
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zygote
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