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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nonassociative Learning
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The change in the behavioral response that occurs over time in response to a single type of stimulus. 2 types, habituation and sensitization
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Habituation
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Learning to ignore a stimulus that lacks meaning
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Sensitization
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Learning to intensify your response to all stimuli, even ones that previously evoked little/no reaction
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Classical Conditioning
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Associating a stimulus that evokes a measurable response with a second stimulus that normally does not evoke a response
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Instrumental conditioning
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An individual learns to associate a response, a motor act, with a meaningful stimulus, typically a reward such as food.
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Purkinje Cells
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First layer of the cerebellar cortex. Dendrites extend only into molecular level. Synapse on neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei,, which are major output cells of the cerebellum.. Powerful position to modify the output of the cerebellum. Use GABA as a neurotransmitter, so their influence on cerebellar output is inhibitory.
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Inferior Olive
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Inut that contacts purkinje cells. Integrates information from muscleproprioceptors.
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Climbing fibers
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Axons from the inferior olive, because they twist around the purkinje cell dendrites like a vine on the branches of a tree.
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Mossy fibers
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Inputs from the pontine nuclei that relay information from the cerebral neocortex.
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Cerebellar granule cells
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Form a layer just below the Purkinje cells. Very small, very tightly packed, and very numerous. Give rise to axons that ascend into the molecular layer, where they branch. The direction that intersects the plane of the Purkinje cell dendrites at a right angle, like wires passing a telephone pole.
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Parallel Fiber
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Branch of cerebellar granule cell.
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Input specificity
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Only the active inputs show the synaptic plasticity
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Marr-Albus theory of motor learning
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Predicts plasticity of the parallel fiber synapse if it is active at the same time as the climbing fiber input to the = postsynaptic Purkinje Cell
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Hippocampal sheets
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Dentat gyrus and Ammon's Horn (4 divisions)
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Perforant Path
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Entorhinal cortex sends information to the hippocampus axons by way of this bundle of axons
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Schaffer collateral
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Other branch of the hippocampus forms synapses on the neurons of CA1.
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Tetanus
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Brief burst of high-frequency stimulation. Induces LTP and subsequent test stiumlation evokes and EPSP that is much greater than it was during the initial baseline test. Caused a modification of the stimulated synapses so they are more effective.
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Cooperativity
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2nd requirment for LTP. Coactive synapses must cooperate to to produce enough depolarization to cause LTP.
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BCM Theory
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An extension of Hebb's theory, designed to account for bidirectional regulation of synaptic strength. Synapses that are active when the postsynapatic cell is only weakly depolarized by other inputs will undergo LTD instead of LTP.
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Molecular Switch Hypothesis
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An autophosporylating kinase could store information at the synapse
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Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB)
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Protein that binds to specific segments of DNA, called cyclic AMP response elements (CREs), and functions to regulate the expression of neighboring genes
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