Molecular Biology Chapter 24

Front 1

chain termination sequencing

Back 1

Method of sequencing DNA by using dideoxynucleotides to terminate synthesis of DNA chains. Same as dideoxy sequencing.

Front 2

dideoxy sequencing

Back 2

Method of sequencing DNA by using dideoxynucleotides to terminate synthesis of DNA chains. Same as chain termination sequencing.

Front 3

genomics

Back 3

Study of genomes as a whole rather than one gene at a time.

Front 4

dideoxynucleotide

Back 4

nucleotide whose sugar is dideoxyribose instead of ribose or deoxyribose

Front 5

dideoxyribose

Back 5

Derivative of ribose that lacks the oxygen of both the 2' and the 3' hydroxyl groups

Front 6

Klenow polymerase

Back 6

DNA polymerase I from E. coli that lacks the 5' to 3' exonuclease domain.

Front 7

M13

Back 7

Rod-shaped bacteriophage that infects E. Coli, contains a circle of single stranded DNA, and is used to manufacture DNA for sequencing

Front 8

replicative form (RF)

Back 8

Double-stranded form of the genome of a single-stranded DNA (or RNA) virus. The RF first replicates itself and is then used to generate the ssDNA (or ssRNA) to pack into the virus particles.

Front 9

Sequenase

Back 9

Genetically modified DNA polymerase from bacteriophage T7 used for sequencing DNA

Front 10

primer walking

Back 10

Approach to sequencing a long cloned DNA molecule by using successive primers located at stages along the molecule.

Front 11

oligonucleotide array detector

Back 11

Chip used to simultaneously detect and identify many short DNA fragments by DNA-DNA hybridization. Also known as DNA array or DNA chip.

Front 12

DNA Chip

Back 12

Chip used to simultaneously detect and identify many short DNA fragments by DNA-DNA hybridization. Also known as DNA array or oligonucleotide array detector

Front 13

GeneChip array

Back 13

The first brand of DNA chip, made by Affymetrix corporation

Front 14

expressed sequence tag (EST)

Back 14

A special type of STS derived from a region of DNA that is expressed by transcription into mRNA

Front 15

nanopore detector

Back 15

Detector that allows a single strand of DNA through a molecular pore and records its characteristics as it passes through

Front 16

Sequence tagged site (STS)

Back 16

A short sequence (usually 100-500bp) that is unique within the genome and can be easily detected, usually by PCR.

Front 17

radiation hybrid

Back 17

A cell (usually from a rodent) that contains fragments of chromosomes (generated by irradiation) from another species.

Front 18

contig

Back 18

A stretch of DNA sequence that is contiguous and lacks gaps

Front 19

Human Genome Project

Back 19

Program to sequence all the DNA making up the human genome

Front 20

shotgun sequencing

Back 20

Approach in which the genome is broken into many random short fragments for sequencing. The complete genome sequence is then assembled by computerized searching for overlaps between individual sequences

Front 21

gigabase pair (Gbp)

Back 21

10^9 base pairs

Front 22

polymorphism

Back 22

A difference in DNA sequence between two related individual organisms

Front 23

simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP)

Back 23

Any DNA region consisting of tandem repeats that vary in number from individual to individual, including VNTRs, microsatallites, and other tandem repeats.

Front 24

single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Back 24

A difference in DNA sequence of a single base change between two individuals

Front 25

exon trapping

Back 25

Experimental procedure for isolating exons by using their flanking splice recognition sites

Front 26

bioinformatics

Back 26

The computerized analysis of large amounts of biological sequence data.

Front 27

data mining

Back 27

The use of computer analysis to find useful information by filtering or sifting through large amounts of data

Front 28

genome mining

Back 28

The use of computer analysis to find useful information by filtering or sifting through large amounts of biological sequence data