Modules: 23-27 Memory

Front 1

memory

Back 1

the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

Front 2

flashbulb memory

Back 2

a clear memory of an emotionaly significant moment or event

Front 3

encoding

Back 3

the processing of information into the memory ststem- for example, by extracting meaning.

Front 4

storage

Back 4

the retention of encoded information over time

Front 5

retrieval

Back 5

the process of getting information out of memory storage

Front 6

sensory memory

Back 6

the immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory stystem

Front 7

short term memory

Back 7

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as teh seven digits of a phone numbe while dialing, before the informatino is sotred or forgotten. Also known as working memory is a similar conecept tha tfocuses more on the processing of briefly stored information.

Front 8

long term memory

Back 8

the relatively permanent and limiless store house of the memory system.

Front 9

automatic processing

Back 9

unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well learned information, such as word meanings.

Front 10

effortful processing

Back 10

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Front 11

rehearsal

Back 11

the conscious repetition of informaiton, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage.

Front 12

spacing effect

Back 12

the tendency for distributed study or pracice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice.

Front 13

serial position effect

Back 13

our tendency to recall best teh last and first items in a list.

Front 14

visual encoding

Back 14

the encoding of picture images.

Front 15

acoustic encoding

Back 15

the encoding of sound, especialy the sound of words.

Front 16

semantic encoding

Back 16

the encoding ofo meaning, including the meaning of words.

Front 17

imagery

Back 17

mental pictures; a powerful aid to efforful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding

Front 18

mnemonics

Back 18

memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.

Front 19

chunking

Back 19

organizting items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.

Front 20

iconic memory

Back 20

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tencths of a second.

Front 21

echoic memory

Back 21

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and owrdss can still be recalled within 3 of 4 seconds.

Front 22

long term potentiation (LTP)

Back 22

an in crease in a synapses' firing potential after brief rapid stimulation. bel.ieved to be a neural basis for learning and memory.

Front 23

amnesia

Back 23

the loss of memory.

Front 24

implicit memory

Back 24

retention independent of conscious recollection. also called procedural memory.

Front 25

explicit memory

Back 25

memory of facts and experiences that one can conscioulsy know and "declrea." (also called declarative memory.

Front 26

hippocampus

Back 26

a neural center located in teh limbic system tha thelps process explicit memories for storage.

Front 27

recall

Back 27

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill in the blank test.

Front 28

recognition

Back 28

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previosuly learned, as on a multiple choice test

Front 29

relearning

Back 29

a memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved whenm learning material for aseocnd time

Front 30

priming

Back 30

the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory.

Front 31

deja vu

Back 31

that eeries sense that "ive experienced this before. " cues from teh currnet situation may subconsciously trigger retreival of an earlier experience.

Front 32

mood congruent memory

Back 32

the tendency to recall experiences tha t are consisten with ones current good or bad mood.

Front 33

proactive interfernece

Back 33

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Front 34

retroactive interference

Back 34

the disruptive effec tof enw learnign on teh recall of old information.

Front 35

repression

Back 35

in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciouness anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories.

Front 36

misinformation effect

Back 36

incorporatin misleading information into one's memory of an event.

Front 37

source amnesia

Back 37

attriuting to th e wrong source an event tha twe have experienced, heard bout, read aobut, or imagined. (also called source misattribution.) source amnesia, a long with teh misinformation effect, is at the hear of many false memories.