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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is evidence based practice?

The conscientious, explicit and judicious use of theory derived, research based information in making decisions about patient care delivery to individuals or groups of patients and in consideration of individual needs and preferences

What is effectiveness?

How much a medical intervention changes the course of a disease

What is efficiency?

How well the health care system uses resources to implement an effective medical intervention

what are the four components of EBP?

Research


Clinical and professional expertise


Patient values


Within the context in which your practice occurs

What are the steps in evidence- based practice?

Asks a clinical question


Search for the most relevant and best evidence


critically appraise the evidence


Implement the evidence


Evaluate and reflect

What is research?

A systematic process using both inductive and deductive reasoning to confirm and refine existing knowledge and build new knowledge

What year did nursing training begin in the UK, Sydney, Hobart & Launceston?

UK = 1860


Sydney = 1968


Hobart = 1875


Launceston = 1890

What year did nursing based training begin in the USA?

1909

When did Australian nursing move into universities?

1980?

What is research?

Research is the structured and conscious application of scientific method to the exploration of an issue of interest in order to better understand the issue or to establish new truths

What is basic research?

- 'pure' research which seeks to discover basic principles of behaviour and process to add to the existing body of knowledge

What is applied research?

Puts these principles into practice to solve problems in practice

What is exploratory research?

Generates ideas and theories

What is explanatory research?

Looks at relationships between things (variables) to uncover causes

What is predictive research?

Estimates probability of specific outcomes in situation/population

What is evaluating research?

Assesses changes or programs to determine level of success

What paradigm is quantitative research?

Positivist

What paradigm is qualitative research in?

Constructivist

What are seven characteristics of quantitative research?

Questions of measurement


Controlled


Reductionist


Objective


Subjects


Uses numbers


Generalisable

What are five factors that influence choosing a research approach?

- purpose of the research and questions being asked


- nature of the issue or problem


- "best fit" for process and outcomes


- the need for generalisability


- knowledge and experience of the researcher

What is competency unit three?

Practices within an evidence based framework

What are the two types of clinical questions?

background and foreground

What are background questions?

Usually broad and frequently posed by someone unfamiliar with an area


Provide general knowledge rather than focused clinical knowledge


Answers usually found in textbooks, drug guides and review articles e.g. What is a fracture

What are foreground questions?

Focused and specific to a clinical situation


Often compare two interventions


Can only be answered by searching current literature for latest studies

What does PICO(T) and what is it best suited to?

Quantitative questions


Population


Intervention/issue


Comparison


Outcome


Time period to achieve outcome

What does PEO stand for and what is it best suited to?

Qualitative Questions


Population or problem


Exposure


Outcome

What does exposure refer to?

What is happening to the population or what has happened e.g.


EVENT-Domestic violence


SITUATION - use of restraints in acute care setting


CONDITION - lung cancer

What are primary sources?

Original research articles

What are secondary sources?

- systematic review


- synopses of evidence


- clinical practice guidelines

What are booleans?

Tool that links key words together in various ways e.g. And, or, not

What is truncation?

Allows for various endings? E.g. Child* = child, children, childhood

What are wildcards?

Allow for additional spelling.


E.g.p?ediatric = paediatric, pediatric

What is empirical evidence?

Adjective meaning that it was derived from experiment and observation rather than theory. If knowledge is empirical it is based on observation rather than theory.

What is the uncertainty principle?

The idea that research seeks to answer questions however there is no guarantee that it can. The starting point for all research is uncertain.

What is the SPICE model?

most commonly applied to research aimed at answering questions that have a qualitative element to them.

What do each of the letters in the SPICE model stand for?

S = etting


P= erspective


I = ntervetnion


C = omparison


E = valuation

What does data collection that is deductive mean?

Deductive reasoning is a logical process in which a conclusion drawn from a set of premises contains no more information than the premises taken collectively. E.g. all dogs are animals, this is a dog, therefore, this is an animal. The truth of the conclusion is dependent on the method.

What is descriptive research?

Identifies nature and attributes of phenomena