Module B

Front 1

Rationale for Proper Patient Positioning

Back 1

1) Prevents soft tissue injury, pressure, and joint contractures.

2) Patient comfort

3) Support/Stability for trunk/extremities

4) Access/Exposure to areas to be treated

5) Promotes efficient function of patient's body systems.

6) Relieves excessive pressure on soft tissue, bony prominences, and circulatory/neurologic structures.

Front 2

Rationale for Proper Draping

Back 2

1) Modesty for patient.

2) Help patient maintain body temperature.

3) Access/Exposure to areas to be treated while protecting other areas.

4) Protects patient's skin/clothing from being soiled/damaged.

Front 3

Precautions when Positioning a Patient

Back 3

1) Avoid clothing/linen folds beneath patient.

2) Observe skin color over bony prominences before, during, after treatment.

3) Protect bony prominences from excessive/prolonged pressure.

4) Avoid positioning extremities beyond the support surface.

5) Avoid excessive, prolonged pressure on soft tissue, circulatory, and neurological structures.

6) Use additional care when positioning patients who are mentally incompetent, confused, comatose, very young, elderly, paralyzed, or lacking normal circulation or sensation.

Front 4

2 Conditions that require preventative positioning

Back 4

1) Transfemoral Amputation: residual limb should not be elevated on a pillow longer than a few minutes/hour because it can develop contractures in hip flexor muscles, causing difficulty using prosthetics for ambulation. Hip abduction avoided to prevent contracture of hip abductor muscles for same reason.

2) Rheumatoid Arthritis: Avoid prolonged immobilization so frequent active/passive movements of joints recommended unless inflamed. Bony prominences protected because patient could be immobile in bed.

Front 5

Supine Bony Prominences

Back 5

Greater trochanter

Head of Fibula

Posterior Iliac Crest

Spine of Scapula

Vertebral Spinous Processes

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Occipital Tuberosity

Sacrum

Lateral Malleolus

Front 6

Sitting Bony Prominences

Back 6

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Vertebral spinous processes

Ischial Tuberosities

Front 7

Side-Lying Bony Prominences

Back 7

Medial Condyle of Femur

Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

Lateral Ear

Lateral Ribs

Medial Malleolus

Lateral Acromion Process

Lateral Head of Humerus

Lateral Malleolus

Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

Lateral Condyle of Femur

Greater Trochanter

Front 8

Prone Bony Prominences

Back 8

Sternum

Acromion Process

Patella

Dorsum of Foot

Lateral Ear

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

Forehead

Ridge of Tibia

Anterior Head of Humerus

Front 9

Supine Soft Tissue Contractures

Back 9

hip/knee flexors

ankle plantar flexors

shoulder extensors, adductors, and internal rotators

Hip external rotators

Front 10

Prone Soft Tissue Contractures

Back 10

Ankle plantar flexors (calf muscles)

Shoulder extensors, adductors, and internal/external rotators

Neck rotators / left or right

Front 11

Side-Lying Soft Tissue Contractures

Back 11

Hip/Knee flexors (fetal position)

Hip adductors/internal rotators

Shoulder adductors and internal rotators

Front 12

Sitting Soft Tissue Contractures

Back 12

Hip/knee flexors

Hip adductors/internal rotators

Shoulder adductors, extensors, internal rotators

Front 13

Planes of Motion Saggital

Back 13

Flexion

Extension

Front 14

Planes of Motion Transverse

Back 14

Internal/External Rotation

Front 15

Planes of Motion Coronal/Frontal

Back 15

Abduction

Adduction

Front 16

Isometric Contraction

Back 16

A muscle contraction with little or no visible joint movement.

Front 17

Quad Set

Back 17

Example of an isometric contraction.

Front 18

Isotonic Contraction

Back 18

A muscular contraction that results in visible joint movement.

Front 19

Concentric Contraction

Back 19

During muscular contraction, the muscle fibers shorten.

Front 20

Eccentric Contraction

Back 20

During muscular contraction, the muscle fibers lengthen.

Front 21

Active Assistive Range of Motion

Back 21

An external force is used to assist the patient in performing the exercise.

Front 22

Active Exercise

Back 22

The patient is able to voluntarily control the muscular contraction without assistance.

Front 23

Passive Range of Motion

Back 23

An external source moves the patient through range of motion without the patient assisting.

Front 24

Trunk Rotation happens in what plane?

Back 24

Transverse

Front 25

Shoulder flexion happens in which plane?

Back 25

Sagittal

Front 26

Hip Adduction happens in what plane?

Back 26

Frontal/Coronal

Front 27

Passive Range of Motion Vs. Stretching

Back 27

PROM: no increase in joint range expected. Joint moves without active, voluntary muscle contraction from patient.

Stretching: goal to maintain the unrestricted joint range to full joint range. Can be AROM.

Front 28

What position to flex shoulder with gravity eliminated?

Back 28

Side-lying

Front 29

2 Positions to extend hip against gravity?

Back 29

Prone and Standing

Front 30

2 Positions to flex knee against gravity?

Back 30

Prone and Standing

Front 31

2 Positions to perform shoulder abduction against gravity?

Back 31

Side-lying and Sitting

Front 32

What position to perform hip adduction with gravity eliminated?

Back 32

Supine

Front 33

Factors affecting body temperature INCREASE

Back 33

Late in Day

Hot Environment

Infection

Physical Activity

Stress

Rectal site for measurement

During Ovulation

Front 34

Factors affecting body temperature DECREASE

Back 34

Early morning

Cold Environment

Front 35

Factors Affecting HIGH blood pressure

Back 35

Elderly

Physical Activity

Stress

Atherosclerosis

Front 36

Factors Affecting LOW blood pressure

Back 36

Decrease in blood volume

Dehydration

Front 37

Factors Affecting HIGH pulse

Back 37

Adolescents

Warm Environment

Infection

Vigorous Physical Activity

Stress

Front 38

Factors Affecting LOW pulse

Back 38

Over 65 years old

Males

Front 39

Factors that cause respiration rate to be HIGHER

Back 39

Infant

Physical Activity

Stress

High Altitude

Infection

Front 40

Normal Responses

Back 40

Pulse rate increases during exercise.

Pulse rate declines after exercise is terminated.

Diastolic pressure does not increase more than 10-15mmHg during exercise.

Systolic pressure declines to resting level after exercise is terminated.

Front 41

Abnormal Responses

Back 41

Pulse rate decreases during exercise.

Pulse rate increases after exercise is terminated.

The rhythm of the pulse becomes irregular during or after exercise.

Systolic pressure does not increase during exercise.

Systolic pressure continues to increase after exercise plateaus.

Respiration rate does not increase during exercise.

Respiration rate declines during exercise.

Front 42

Pulse Rate Child 1-7yrs

Back 42

80-120 bpm

Front 43

Pulse Rate Adult

Back 43

60-100 bpm

Front 44

Pulse Rate Newborn

Back 44

100-130 bpm

Front 45

Normal Vital Signs Adult

Back 45

Pulse Rate 60-100 bpm

Blood Pressure 120/80 mmHg

Respiration Rate 12-18 breaths/min

Front 46

Best method of controlling bleeding/try first:

Back 46

Direct Pressure

Front 47

Elevate the bleeding part above heart level unless:

Back 47

Spinal Injury

Dislocation

Fracture

Front 48

Best position for victim with nosebleed:

Back 48

Sitting, leaning forward.

Front 49

Best position for preventing a victim of injury from going into shock:

Back 49

Supine

Front 50

Most brain injuries are caused by:

Back 50

Trauma

Front 51

Most serious complication of head injury:

Back 51

Lack of Oxygen to brain

Front 52

Before beginning any first aid care for head injury:

Back 52

Assess the victim's mental status.

Front 53

Whenever you care for the victim of a head injury, always assume:

Back 53

Spinal Injury

Front 54

2 major complications of spinal injury are:

Back 54

inadequate breathing effort

paralysis

Front 55

How to open airway of victim with spinal injury:

Back 55

Modified jaw-thrust

Front 56

The general rule for management of spinal injury is to support and immobilize the:

Back 56

torso and pelvis

head

spine

Front 57

Condition where fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the arterial walls:

Back 57

Atherosclerosis

Front 58

Factors that increase likelihood of myocardial infarction:

Back 58

smoking

diabetes

age

Front 59

Common sign on angina pectoris:

Back 59

chest pain

Front 60

Angina pectoris usually appears suddenly and is associated with:

Back 60

Physical exertion

Front 61

If an adult has a heart attack and no pulse, you should:

Back 61

Start CPR

Front 62

Transient ischemic attack is:

Back 62

a brief spell, similar to a stroke

Front 63

You should position the conscious victim of a stroke:

Back 63

On back with head and shoulders slightly raised.

Front 64

Not a sign of a stroke:

Back 64

Chest pain

Front 65

Signs of Stroke:

Back 65

Slurred speech

One sided face droop

One dilated pupil

Dizziness/light headedness

fainting

loss of vision

loss of sensation, often on one side of body

Front 66

Stroke "FAST"

Back 66

Face symmetry

Arms - raise to see weakness

Slurred speech

Time - Call 911 right away

Front 67

First Aid for Stroke

Back 67

Activate EMS

Handle victim calmly/carefully

Position on back with shoulders slightly elevated/head neutral

Assess airway/respirations.

If difficulty breathing, position on side

Keep victim warm.

Front 68

Cardiac Arrest Signs/Symptoms

Back 68

Chest Pain

Nausea/vomiting

cool, pale, moist skin

weak/irregular pulse

breathing difficulties

radiating left arm pain

anxiety

lower back pain

Front 69

First Aid for Cardiac Arrest

Back 69

Determine responsiveness

Activate EMS

Open Airway

Determine breathlessness

Provide Rescue breathing

Determine pulselessness

Deliver chest compressions

Defibrillation where available.

Front 70

First aid for dyspnea after checking for aspiration and clearing airway?

Back 70

Assist with ventilation if needed.

Front 71

Goal for first aid care of COPD:

Back 71

Enhance oxygenation

Front 72

Not a sign of asthma:

Back 72

A mucus producing cough.

Front 73

Signs of Asthma:

Back 73

Whistling, high pitched wheezing during exhalation.

Rapid, shallow respirations.

Rapid Pulse

Front 74

First Aid for Asthma attack

Back 74

Activate EMS

Keep patient calm.

Keep patient in position of comfort.

Establish an airway and assist with ventilation if necessary.

If permitted in your area, assist victim in using asthma medication.

Front 75

Not part of First Aid for asthma

Back 75

Refrain from giving the victim anything by mouth.

Front 76

"Overbreathing"

Back 76

Hyperventilation

Front 77

Not proper care for hyperventilation:

Back 77

Breathing into a paper bag

Front 78

Proper Care for hyperventilation:

Back 78

Transport to Emergency Room

Remain calm/assuring

Talk victim into slowing breath rate.

Front 79

A person who severely hyperventilates can:

Back 79

Faint

Front 80

Insulin is a hormone needed to facilitate the movement of ________ out of the bloodstream and into the cell.

Back 80

Glucose (sugar)

Front 81

Not a characteristic of Type 1 diabetes:

Back 81

Controlled by diet and/or oral medication.

Front 82

Characteristics of Type 1 diabetes:

Back 82

Require daily insulin injections.

Usually begins in childhood.

Little or no ability to produce insulin.

Front 83

If diabetic and dizzy/lightheaded and hadn't eaten today:

Back 83

Give regular cola (sugar).

Front 84

Rapid, life-threatening emergency:

Back 84

Hypoglycemia

Front 85

Signs of Hyperglycemia:

Back 85

Flushed dry, warm, skin.

Breath that smells sweet or fruity.

Fever.

Frequent Urination

(NOT absence of thirst).

Front 86

Cause of hyperglycemia:

Back 86

Victim hasn't taken his/her insulin.

Front 87

When caring for a conscious victim of hypoglycemia, after activating EMS:

Back 87

Give Sugar

Front 88

In caring for a victim of a seizure, send for medical help:

Back 88

Always: if victim is diabetic, if the victim has more than one seizure, if the seizure lasts more than a few minutes.

Front 89

Appropriate care for victim of a seizure:

Back 89

Remove eyeglasses/loosen tight clothing

Turn victim to left side with face pointed downward.

Placing padding under victim's head.

(NOT putting something in mouth/between teeth and DO NOT restrain victim to prevent injury)

Speak slowly and calmly in normal tone of voice.

Ask bystanders to leave.

Cover the victim with blanket (after) to preserve warmth.

Front 90

A loss of consciousness that results when the brain is temporarily deprived of adequate oxygen:

Back 90

Syncope (fainting)

Front 91

Prevent Syncope:

Back 91

Have victim sit or lie down.

1) Sit with head between knees.

2) Lie down and elevate legs 8-12 inches.

Front 92

Do not allow a person who has fainted to:

Back 92

Sit up immediately.

Front 93

T/F Hypoglycemia is a grave medical emergency that can cause death in minutes.

Back 93

True

Front 94

T/F If person is conscious, honey, jelly, and OJ can be given to victim of hypoglycemia to help increase blood sugar level.

Back 94

True

Front 95

T/F Elevation is the first step in controlling bleeding.

Back 95

False

Front 96

T/F Blood from a vein flows in spurts with each heartbeat.

Back 96

False

Front 97

T/F Bleeding from capillaries rarely clots spontaneously.

Back 97

False

Front 98

T/F A victim with internal bleeding can develop life-threatening shock before the bleeding is apparent.

Back 98

True.

Front 99

T/F A completely severed artery can sometimes constrict and seal itself off.

Back 99

True

Front 100

T/F Internal bleeding usually results from blunt trauma or fractures.

Back 100

True

Front 101

T/F Normally, the lower extremities should be elevated to treat for shock.

Back 101

True

Front 102

T/F During shock, the oxygen supply is decreased because the heart needs less oxygen.

Back 102

False

Front 103

T/F Losing fluid from the circulatory system is one of the primary causes of shock.

Back 103

True

Front 104

T/F Give shock victim fluids if he or she is conscious.

Back 104

False

Front 105

T/F If a victim is unconscious, place her or him in a semi-sitting position.

Back 105

False

Front 106

Best method for controlling severe bleeding and should be applied first?

Back 106

Direct Pressure

Front 107

3 methods of controlling bleeding

Back 107

Direct pressure, Elevation, Tourniquet

Front 108

When dressing becomes saturated with blood:

Back 108

leave the dressing in place and apply an addition dressing on top of it.

Front 109

What condition may cause a person to bleed to death from a minor wound?

Back 109

Hemophilia

Front 110

Do not try to stop a nosebleed if you suspect:

Back 110

Fractured Skull

Front 111

A victim with a nosebleed should:

Back 111

Lean forward and then pinch the nostrils to apply pressure.

Front 112

Perfusion is:

Back 112

Delivery of blood to an organ

Front 113

Which of the following characterizes arterial bleeding?

Back 113

Bright red color and spurting flow.

Front 114

Use a tourniquet only if:

Back 114

The wound appears to be severe and deep.

Front 115

Anaphylactic shock should be considered:

Back 115

a true medical emergency

Front 116

Which of the following shock processes occurs first?

Back 116

Vital organs and the brain do not receive enough blood.

Front 117

Which of the following is a means of preventing shock?

Back 117

Keep the victim's body temperature normal.

Front 118

Which of the following is not a type of shock?

Back 118

Hypothermic

Front 119

Types of shock:

Back 119

Hypovolemic

Distributive

Cardiogenic

Front 120

A person may be in anaphylactic shock from:

Back 120

eating nuts

Front 121

T/F For a head-injured victim, use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open the airway.

Back 121

False

Front 122

T/F Forceful vomiting may be a sign of a head injury.

Back 122

True

Front 123

T/F Basilar skull fracture is the most common and least serious.

Back 123

False

Front 124

T/F Face and scalp wounds may bleed heavily, but the bleeding is usually easy to control.

Back 124

True

Front 125

T/F It is not possible for a spine-injured victim to walk around.

Back 125

False

Front 126

T/F Spinal injury precautions should be taken in all cases of head trauma.

Back 126

True

Front 127

T/F The airway is the first priority for a spine-injured victim.

Back 127

True

Front 128

T/F Always pad behind the neck of the victim on a rigid support.

Back 128

False

Front 129

T/F Any trauma severe enough to cause injury to the brain can also cause injury to the spine.

Back 129

True

Front 130

T/F With proper precautions, one First Aider can safely remove a victim's helmet.

Back 130

False

Front 131

If the victim has blood or cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ears but shows no indication of spinal injury:

Back 131

establish and maintain an open airway

Front 132

Which of the following methods of maintaining an open airway should be used on an unresponsive victim with a head injury?

Back 132

Modified jaw thrust

Front 133

When a foreign object is impaled into the skull:

Back 133

do not remove the object, but carefully stabilize it.

Front 134

With a comminuted skull fracture:

Back 134

multiple cracks radiate from the center of impact

Front 135

What is the most common characteristics of Battle's sign?

Back 135

A bruise like mark behind either ear.

Front 136

Which of the following occurs in coup-contrecoup injury to the brain?

Back 136

The brain is lapped against the skull as the head is hurled forward.

The brain rebounds against the opposite side of the skull.

The skull stops suddenly, and the brain is smashed against it.

Front 137

Which is NOT a sign of a spinal injury?

Back 137

Position of the legs

Front 138

Check for spinal cord damage in a responsive victim by:

Back 138

Asking the victim to wiggle fingers and toes.

Front 139

T/F Atherosclerosis results when fatty substances and other debris are deposited on the inner lining of the arterial wall.

Back 139

True

Front 140

T/F Angina does not always cause pain.

Back 140

False

Front 141

T/F Stable angina pain is usually relieved by rest.

Back 141

True

Front 142

T/F Angina pain is usually on the left side.

Back 142

False

Front 143

T/F It is quite easy to differentiate between the pain of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction.

Back 143

False

Front 144

Angina Pectoris

Back 144

Chest Pain

Front 145

T/F About 25 percent of all myocardial infarction victims have no chest pain.

Back 145

True

Front 146

T/F The pain of myocardial infarction lasts longer than 30 minutes and is usually under the sternum, radiating to the neck, jaw, left shoulder, and left arm.

Back 146

True

Front 147

T/F Congestive Heart Failure with respiratory difficulty is life threatening and requires immediate care.

Back 147

True

Front 148

T/F The major symptom of myocardial infarction is cyanosis.

Back 148

False

Front 149

T/F Victims of heart disease emergencies should be put in a prone position.

Back 149

False

Front 150

The signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction include all of the following except:

Back 150

a pulse rate of 70-80 bpm

(Does include pale skin color, shortness of breath, feeling of impending doom)

Front 151

Most acute heart attacks are caused by a blockage of the _________ artery.

Back 151

Coronary

Front 152

The buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries is called:

Back 152

Atherosclerosis

Front 153

Angina pectoris:

Back 153

Is pain in the hear caused by insufficient oxygen.

Front 154

Which of the following heart conditions would probably develop over a period of several months?

Back 154

Congestive Heart Failure

Front 155

Which is not a first aid care measure for a cardiac victim?

Back 155

Assist the victim with prescribed nitroglycerin

(Do loosen restrictive clothing, place the victim in a sitting position, have the victim cease all movement).

Front 156

Dyspnea means:

Back 156

Shortness of Breath

Front 157

A victim with swelling in the lower legs would be manifesting symptoms of:

Back 157

Congestive Heart Failure

Front 158

Which is not a cause of stroke:

Back 158

Coronary Artery Disease

(Yes: Thrombus, Embolism, Hemorrhage)

Front 159

A victim of stroke should be positioned:

Back 159

On the back, with head and shoulders elevated.

Front 160

T/F Dyspnea is not a disease itself, but a symptom of a number of other diseases.

Back 160

True

Front 161

T/F Dyspnea is a feeling of air hunger accompanied by labored breathing.

Back 161

True

Front 162

T/F Victims with emphysema are usually cyanotic.

Back 162

False.

Front 163

T/F Victims of emphysema usually appears thin and wasted, with a barrel shaped chest.

Back 163

True

Front 164

T/F The chronic bronchitis victim uses the neck and chest muscles to assist in breathing.

Back 164

True

Front 165

T/F The number one goal of first aid care for a COPD victim is enhance oxygenation.

Back 165

True

Front 166

T/F One of the three main goals of first aid care for an asthma victim is to treat for shock.

Back 166

False

Front 167

T/F Have a hyperventilation victim breathe into a paper bag.

Back 167

False

Front 168

Dyspnea means:

Back 168

Shortness of Breath

Front 169

Which is COPD condition?

Back 169

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 170

Initial care for a person who is hyperventilating includes:

Back 170

Calming and reassuring the victim.

Front 171

In Status Asthmaticus:

Back 171

The victim uses accessory muscles of respiration.

Front 172

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperventilation?

Back 172

Slower heart rate

(Yes: Fainting, tingling in hands/feet, weakness)

Front 173

First aid care for COPD victims is aimed primarily at:

Back 173

enhancing oxygenation

Front 174

Pink puffers and blue bloaters are:

Back 174

victims with COPD

Front 175

Pink Puffers:

Back 175

Emphysema

Front 176

Represents a dire medical emergency:

Back 176

Status asthmaticus

Front 177

Sensation of shortness of breath:

Back 177

dyspnea

Front 178

Most frequently caused by a bacterial or viral infection:

Back 178

Pneumonia

Front 179

Rapid, deep, abnormal breathing:

Back 179

Hyperventilation

Front 180

Characterized by chronic cough, airflow obstruction, or both:

Back 180

COPD

Front 181

Usually brought on by an allergic reaction, respiratory infection, or emotional stress:

Back 181

Asthma

Front 182

Blue bloater:

Back 182

Chronic Bronchitis

Front 183

T/F There are two types of diabetes.

Back 183

True

Front 184

T/F Hyperglycemia is a condition of too little insulin and too much blood sugar in the body.

Back 184

True

Front 185

T/F The hypoglycemic victim has intense abdominal pain and a rapid, weak pulse.

Back 185

False

Front 186

T/F The hypoglycemic victim appears extremely weak and has profuse sweating.

Back 186

True

Front 187

T/F If a diabetic has taken insulin but not eaten, he or she may become hypoglycemic.

Back 187

True

T

Front 188

T/F If in doubt about whether a victim is hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic, give sugar.

Back 188

True

Front 189

A fruity odor on the breath is often a characteristic of:

Back 189

severe hyperglycemia

Front 190

The onset of a hyperglycemic emergency generally occurs:

Back 190

Gradually, over a period of days.

Front 191

The major first aid care for a victim who is experiencing an acute and severe hyperglycemic emergency is to:

Back 191

monitor vital signs and rule out other possible emergencies.

Front 192

A diabetic who exhibits rapid, bounding pulse; cool clammy skin; and tremors is probably:

Back 192

hypoglycemic

Front 193

Which of the following is not true of severe hyperglycemia:

Back 193

It can be caused by excessive exercise.

(True: it is the result of too little insulin or too much sugar, occurs gradually over several days, less serious than hypoglycemia).

Front 194

Which is not true of hypoglycemia?

Back 194

It's caused by eating too much food.

(True: give sugar, can be caused by excessive exercise, requires immediate transport)

Front 195

Insulin:

Back 195

Permits sugar to pass from the blood into body cells.

Front 196

Excess insulin causes:

Back 196

Hypoglycemia

Front 197

Hyperglycemic Emergency list:

Back 197

Too little insulin and too much blood sugar

Gradual onset

High Blood Sugar

Result of eating too much food that has sugar

Labored respirations and an acetone/fruity odor on breath.

Red, warm, dry skin.

Front 198

Hypoglycemic list:

Back 198

A dire medical emergency

Hunger, headache, muscle weakness

Result of excessive exercise

Rapid onset

pale, moist skin

Need for sugar

Low blood sugar

Front 199

T/F A seizure is a voluntary, sudden change in behavior, sensation, muscular activity, and level of consciousness.

Back 199

False

Front 200

T/F Epilepsy is a chronic disorder

Back 200

True

Front 201

T/F Seizures are always life threatening.

Back 201

False

Front 202

T/F Generalized tonic-clonic seizures always produce a loss of consciousness.

Back 202

True

Front 203

T/F Simple partial seizures always produce a loss of consciousness.

Back 203

False

Front 204

T/F Irreversible brain damage can occur from status epilepticus.

Back 204

True

Front 205

T/F Most seizures are self limiting and last less than five minutes.

Back 205

True

Front 206

T/F In a postictal stupor, the victim falls into a deep sleep.

Back 206

True

Front 207

T/F Do not attempt to restrain a seizure victim unless he or she is in immediate danger.

Back 207

True

Front 208

T/F Dizziness and fainting are not medical conditions but are symptoms.

Back 208

True

Front 209

T/F True vertigo involves a hallucination of motion.

Back 209

True

Front 210

T/F Fainting is a temporary loss of consciousness due to an inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain.

Back 210

True

Front 211

T/F True vertigo is an actual disturbance of the victim's sense of balance.

Back 211

True

Front 212

T/F The number one goal in a status epilepticus emergency is oxygenation/ventilation.

Back 212

True

Front 213

A characteristic of absence seizures is:

Back 213

Brief periods in which the victim appears to be daydreaming.

Front 214

Which is not a stage of epilepsy?

Back 214

Catatonic phase

(Yes: Clonic, tonic, aura)

Front 215

The most serious threat in status epilepticus is:

Back 215

lack of oxygen due to impaired breathing

Front 216

Status epilepticus in adults is:

Back 216

A dire medical emergency

A single seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes

A series of seizures in an unconscious victim

Front 217

Which of the following is not a first aid care procedure for seizure?

Back 217

put a padded object between the victim's teeth.

Front 218

3 Principles of Proper Posture

Back 218

1) Maintain the normal anterior and posterior curves of spine for proper balance/alignment.

2) Stand and sit with body erect so the shoulders and pelvis are level; avoid slouching.

3) Stand with your ankles, knees, hips, and shoulders aligned with your head over your body, not in front of the shoulders.

Front 219

ValSalva Maneuver and how prevented?

Back 219

When the patient holds their breath and air is trapped in thorax increasing the intrathoracic pressure; which can affect the circulatory system.

-Prevented by teaching patients to breathe normally when performing physical activity.

Front 220

Causes of back injury

Back 220

Bad posture

Stressful living/work habits

improper use of body mechanics

poor flexibility

decline in physical fitness

Front 221

Suggestions for employer to safely lift fragile boxes?

Back 221

Plan for space, safety, and needing assistance.

Stoop or squat to lower boxes below hip level.

Widen feet to increase base of support and improve balance/stability.

Move close to boxes before lift.

Don't flatten back; maintain lumbar curve in lower back.

Tighten core.

Don't lift and twist at same time.

Take time; don't do too quickly to protect body/fragile items.

Front 222

Contact Guarding

Back 222

Therapist is positioned close to patient with hand on gait belt or patient.

Front 223

Maximal Assistance

Back 223

Patient performs 25-50% of the activity; assistance required to complete the activity.

Front 224

Moderate Assistance

Back 224

Patient performs 50-75% of activity; assistance is required to complete the activity.

Front 225

Independent

Back 225

Patient does not require physical or verbal supervision or assistance to complete activity.

Front 226

Standby Assistance

Back 226

Therapist is standing close to; but not touching the patient, so that the activity can be completely safely.

Front 227

Minimal Assistance

Back 227

Patient performs 75% or more of the activity. Assistance is required to complete the activity.

Front 228

3 General precautions when transferring a patient.

Back 228

1) Patient should wear proper shoes to prevent slipping.

2) Safety belt or transfer sling provides secure object to grasp and decreases need to use patient's extremities or clothing.

3) Anticipate the need for an assistant and have someone available before attempting transfer.

Front 229

Why bed motility important?

Back 229

Teach patients to improve independence.

Prevent skin problems/contractures from lying in a position for too long.

Front 230

Equipment that can be used for transfers/bed motility.

Back 230

Safety belt, foot stool, transfer board, bed rails, commercial transfer sling/towel.

Front 231

Transferring a patient with moderate assistance from bed to wheelchair using the assisted pivot transfer:

Back 231

1) Determine mental/physical ability for transfer.

2) Position wheelchair 45 degree angle to bed with caster wheels forward and opposite patient's hips.

3) Help patient into long sitting position and apply safety belt; assist patient to move to edge of bed with lower extremities over the edge of mattress.

4) Patient places hands on bed and pushes simultaneously with upper and lower extremities while inclining the trunk forward slightly "nose over toes" to stand.

5) Caregiver can maintain control with safety belt and shoulder or posterior neck.

6) Allow patient to stand briefly to establish balance and determine dizziness.

7) Patient pivots by taking small steps with lower extremities do back faces the chair. Reaches with nearest upper extremity to grab arm rests and lowers to sitting in chair. Caregiver can help with weight shifting with the safety belt and can help lower safely into the chair.

Front 232

Weakness

Back 232

asthenia

Front 233

-esthesia

Back 233

feeling

Front 234

Bradykinesia

Back 234

Slow movement

Front 235

Stroke

Back 235

Cerebrovascular accident

Front 236

combining form for glue, neuroglia tissue

Back 236

gli/o

Front 237

Inability to speak

Back 237

Dysphonia

Front 238

-paresis

Back 238

partial paralysis

Front 239

movement

Back 239

kinesi/o

Front 240

brain

Back 240

encephal/o

Front 241

cerebral

Back 241

cerebr/o

Front 242

nerve root

Back 242

radicul/o

Front 243

splitting

Back 243

-ptysis

Front 244

tachy-

Back 244

rapid

Front 245

The presence of pus in the pleural cavity is:

Back 245

empyema

Front 246

slow

Back 246

brady-

Front 247

Term that refers to inflammatory condition of lungs:

Back 247

Pneumonia

Front 248

Suffix for voice

Back 248

-phonia

Front 249

thorac/o

Back 249

chest

Front 250

coal/dust

Back 250

anthrac/o

Front 251

pleura

Back 251

pleur/o

Front 252

straight

Back 252

orth/ob

Front 253

blue

Back 253

cyan/oc

Front 254

chest

Back 254

pector/o or thorac/o

Front 255

diaphragm

Back 255

phren/o

Front 256

air/lung

Back 256

pneum/o

Front 257

-sphyxia

Back 257

pulse

Front 258

Oxygen deficiency in surrounding tissues:

Back 258

ischemia

Front 259

Blockage of a vessel:

Back 259

occlusion

Front 260

Suffocating chest pain associated with coronary artery disease:

Back 260

angina

Front 261

Incision of vein to draw blood:

Back 261

phlebotomy

Front 262

Combining form of vascul/o:

Back 262

vessel

Front 263

peri-

Back 263

around

Front 264

Graphic display of heart sounds produced during the cardiac cycle:

Back 264

phonocardiogram

Front 265

narrowing/stricture

Back 265

sten/o

Front 266

Narrowing of any vessel, especially the aorta:

Back 266

coarctation

Front 267

Rapid/Slow heartbeat:

Back 267

arrhythmia

Front 268

Hardening

Back 268

scler/a

Front 269

fatty plaque

Back 269

ather/o

Front 270

vein

Back 270

phleb/o

Front 271

heart

Back 271

cardi/o

Front 272

septum

Back 272

sept/o

Front 273

vessel; usually blood or lymph

Back 273

angi/o

Front 274

blood clot

Back 274

thromb/o

Front 275

atrium

Back 275

atri/o

Front 276

Lateral curve of spine

Back 276

scoliosis

Front 277

Stiffening and immobility of a joint:

Back 277

ankylosis

Front 278

Action that lowers the foot and points the toes:

Back 278

plantar flexion

Front 279

Inflammation of vertebrae:

Back 279

Spondylitis

Front 280

Heel bone combining form:

Back 280

calcane/o

Front 281

Paired incorrectly?

Back 281

Voluntary muscles - visceral muscles

Front 282

brachi/o

Back 282

arm

Front 283

Opening/passageway

Back 283

meatus

Front 284

partial or incomplete dislocation

Back 284

sublaxation

Front 285

Freely movable joint

Back 285

diarthroses

Front 286

thigh bone

Back 286

femor/o

Front 287

break/surgical fracture

Back 287

-clasis

Front 288

Turning palm up:

Back 288

supination

Front 289

Surgical repair of joint:

Back 289

arthroplasty

Front 290

bones of fingers and toes

Back 290

phalang/o

Front 291

Turning the hand down:

Back 291

pronation

Front 292

abnormal swayback posture

Back 292

lordosis

Front 293

stiffness

Back 293

ankly/o

Front 294

joint

Back 294

arthr/o

Front 295

muscle

Back 295

my/o

Front 296

spinal cord/bone marrow

Back 296

mye/o

Front 297

bone

Back 297

oste/oche

Front 298

head

Back 298

cephal/o

Front 299

cyanosis

Back 299

bluish discoloration of the skin

Front 300

bronchospasm

Back 300

spasm of the bronchus

Front 301

pleuritis

Back 301

Inflammation of the pleura

Front 302

Thoracocentesis

Back 302

Puncture in the chest

Front 303

Phrenalgia

Back 303

Pain in the diaphragm

Front 304

Pulmonologist

Back 304

Physician who treats lung diseases

Front 305

Dysphonia

Back 305

Difficulty speaking

Front 306

Hemoptysis

Back 306

Spitting up blood

Front 307

Dyspnea

Back 307

painful/difficulty breathing. Shortness of breath

Front 308

Alveolar

Back 308

Pertaining to alveoli

Front 309

rhinoplastly

Back 309

Surgical repair of the nose

Front 310

Pyrothorax

Back 310

Pus in the chest

Front 311

pneumonitis

Back 311

Inflammation of the lungs

Front 312

Phyarngoscopy

Back 312

Visual examination of the throat

Front 313

Mucoid

Back 313

Resembling mucous

Front 314

Polyneuritis

Back 314

Inflammation of many nerves

Front 315

Myelalgia

Back 315

Pain of the spinal cord

Front 316

Encephalocele

Back 316

Hernia or swelling of the brain tissue

Front 317

Atrophy

Back 317

Without nourishment (wasting away)

Front 318

Encephaloma

Back 318

Brain tumor

Front 319

Meningocele

Back 319

Herniation of the meninges

Front 320

Quadraplegia

Back 320

Paralysis of four extremities

Front 321

Encepholomalacia

Back 321

Softening of the brain tissue

Front 322

Aphasia

Back 322

Abscence, without speech

Front 323

Hemiplegia

Back 323

Paralysis of one side of body

Front 324

Meningorrhagia

Back 324

Hemorrhage of the meninges

Front 325

Neuritis

Back 325

Inflammation of a nerve

Front 326

Neurolysis

Back 326

Destruction of a nerve

Front 327

Myelopathy

Back 327

Disease of the spinal cord

Front 328

Glioma

Back 328

Tumor of neuroglial tissue

Front 329

Myelocyte

Back 329

Bone marrow cells

Front 330

Osteoporosis

Back 330

Porous bones

Front 331

Osteoarthritis

Back 331

Inflammation of bones and joints

Front 332

pallectomy

Back 332

excision of knee cap

Front 333

carpotosis

Back 333

Prolapse or downward displacement of wrist

Front 334

anklyosis

Back 334

abnormal condition of stiffness in a joint

Front 335

Chondropathy

Back 335

Disease of cartilage

Front 336

Periosteitis

Back 336

Inflammation around bone.

Front 337

Myogenesis

Back 337

Beginning/formation of muscle

Front 338

Osteomalacia

Back 338

Softening of bone

Front 339

Lumbodynia

Back 339

Pain in loins (lower back)

Front 340

Arthrodesis

Back 340

Binding/fixing a joint

Front 341

Tendoplasty

Back 341

Surgical repair of tendon

Front 342

Pevimeter

Back 342

Instrument for measuring pelvisA

Front 343

Arthroscopy

Back 343

Visual examination of a joint

Front 344

Arteriosclerosis

Back 344

Abnormal arterial hardening

Front 345

Pleblitis

Back 345

Inflammation of a vein

Front 346

Bradycardia

Back 346

Slow heart rate

Front 347

Electrocardiogram

Back 347

Record of electrical activity of the heart.

Front 348

Angiogram

Back 348

Recording of a blood vessel

Front 349

Aortostenosis

Back 349

Narrowing of the aorta

Front 350

Cardiomegaly

Back 350

Enlargement of the heart

Front 351

Endocardium

Back 351

Structure within the heart

Front 352

Arteriorrhapy

Back 352

Suture of an artery

Front 353

Extravascular

Back 353

Area outside a blood vessel.

Front 354

Thrombolysis

Back 354

Separation/destruction of a blood clot

Front 355

Electrocardiograph

Back 355

Instrument for recording electrical activity of the heart.

Front 356

Interventricular

Back 356

Between a ventricle.

Front 357

Tachycardia

Back 357

Fast Heart rate

Front 358

Ventriculotomy

Back 358

Incision of ventricle

Front 359

FWB

Back 359

Full Weight Bearing

Front 360

NWB

Back 360

Non Weight Bearing

Front 361

PWB

Back 361

Partial Weight Bearing

Front 362

TTWB

Back 362

Toe Touch Weight Bearing

Front 363

WBAT

Back 363

Weight Bearing as Tolerated

Front 364

C. Spine

Back 364

Cervical Spine

Front 365

ACL

Back 365

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Front 366

PCL

Back 366

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Front 367

MCL

Back 367

Medial Collateral Ligament

Front 368

LCL

Back 368

Lateral Collateral Ligament

Front 369

LLC

Back 369

Long Leg Cast

Front 370

SLC

Back 370

Short Leg Cast

Front 371

CPM

Back 371

Continuous Passive Motion

Front 372

AFO

Back 372

Ankle Foot Orthosis

Front 373

DTR

Back 373

Deep Tendon Reflex

Front 374

Para

Back 374

Lower Extremities

Front 375

Quad

Back 375

All four extremities

Front 376

Hemi

Back 376

One side

Front 377

BK

Back 377

Below knee

Front 378

BKA

Back 378

Below knee amputation

Front 379

AK

Back 379

Above knee

Front 380

AKA

Back 380

Above knee amputation

Front 381

AE

Back 381

Above elbow

Front 382

BRP

Back 382

Bathroom Priveliges

Front 383

STM

Back 383

Short Term Memory

Front 384

LTM

Back 384

Long Term Memory

Front 385

TPN

Back 385

Total Parental Nutrition

Front 386

PT

Back 386

Physical Therapist

Front 387

PTA

Back 387

Physical Therapist Assistant

Front 388

RN

Back 388

Registered Nurse

Front 389

PA

Back 389

Physician Assistant

Front 390

ATC

Back 390

Certified Athletic Trainer

Front 391

DO

Back 391

Doctor of Osteopath

Front 392

OT

Back 392

Occupational Therapist

Front 393

RT

Back 393

Respiratory Therapist

Front 394

SLP

Back 394

Speech and Language Pathologist

Front 395

MSW

Back 395

Medical Social Worker

Front 396

TENS

Back 396

Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation

Front 397

PRE

Back 397

Progressive Resistive Exercise

Front 398

MMT

Back 398

Manual Muscle Test

Front 399

ROM

Back 399

Range of Motion

Front 400

AROM

Back 400

Active range of motion

Front 401

AAROM

Back 401

Active Assistive Range of Motion

Front 402

PROM

Back 402

Passive Range of motion

Front 403

WNL

Back 403

Within normal limits

Front 404

WFL

Back 404

Withing Functional Limits

Front 405

add.

Back 405

adduction

Front 406

abd.

Back 406

abduction

Front 407

flex (check mark)

Back 407

flexion

Front 408

ext. (/)

Back 408

extension

Front 409

Med. Rot./IR

Back 409

medial rotation, internal rotation

Front 410

Lat. Rot./ER

Back 410

lateral rotation, external rotation

Front 411

Sup.

Back 411

Superior

Front 412

Inf.

Back 412

Inferior

Front 413

ASIS

Back 413

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Front 414

PSIS

Back 414

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

Front 415

TMJ

Back 415

Temporalmandibular joint

Front 416

PF

Back 416

Plantarflexion

Front 417

DF

Back 417

Dorsiflexion

Front 418

UE

Back 418

Upper Extremity

Front 419

LE

Back 419

Lower Extremity

Front 420

inv

Back 420

inversion

Front 421

ev

Back 421

eversion

Front 422

(L)

Back 422

left

Front 423

(R)

Back 423

right

Front 424

(B)

Back 424

Bilateral

Front 425

(I)

Back 425

Independent

Front 426

(S)

Back 426

Supervision

Front 427

CGA

Back 427

Contact Guard Assist

Front 428

SBA

Back 428

Stand-by assist

Front 429

Min (A)

Back 429

Minimal Assist

Front 430

Mod (A)

Back 430

Moderate Assist

Front 431

Max (A)

Back 431

Maximum Assist

Front 432

VC

Back 432

Verbal Cues

Front 433

mm

Back 433

millimeter

Front 434

m.

Back 434

Muscle

Front 435

n.

Back 435

Nerve

Front 436

SLR

Back 436

Straight Leg Raise

Front 437

SAQ

Back 437

short arc quad

Front 438

LAQ

Back 438

long arc quad

Front 439

QS

Back 439

Quad Set

Front 440

PNF

Back 440

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Front 441

w/c

Back 441

Wheelchair

Front 442

HP

Back 442

hot pack

Front 443

US

Back 443

Ultrasound

Front 444

UV

Back 444

Ultraviolet

Front 445

NMES

Back 445

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Front 446

FES

Back 446

Functional Electrical Stimulation

Front 447

ADL

Back 447

Activities of daily living

Front 448

IADL

Back 448

Instrumental Activities of daily living

Front 449

HEP

Back 449

Home Exercise Program

Front 450

OOB

Back 450

Out of Bed

Front 451

EOB

Back 451

Edge of Bed

Front 452

RW

Back 452

Rolling Walker

Front 453

DME

Back 453

Durable Medical Equipment

Front 454

amb.

Back 454

Ambulate

Front 455

POC

Back 455

plan of care

Front 456

STG

Back 456

Short Term Goal

Front 457

LTG

Back 457

Long term goal

Front 458

Ther. Ex.

Back 458

Therapeutic Exercise

Front 459

LOB

Back 459

Loss of Balance

Front 460

BOS

Back 460

Base of Support

Front 461

AIDS

Back 461

Acquired Immunideficiency Syndrome

Front 462

CA

Back 462

Cancer

Front 463

CABG

Back 463

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Front 464

CAD

Back 464

Coronary Artery Disease

Front 465

CHF

Back 465

Congestive Heart Failure

Front 466

CHI

Back 466

Closed Head Injury

Front 467

COPD

Back 467

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Front 468

ESRD

Back 468

End Stage Renal Disease

Front 469

GI

Back 469

Gastrointestinal

Front 470

HBV

Back 470

Hepatitis B Virus

Front 471

HIV

Back 471

Human Immunideficiency Virus

Front 472

HTN

Back 472

Hypertension

Front 473

I&D

Back 473

Incision and drainage

Front 474

IDDM

Back 474

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Front 475

NIDDM

Back 475

Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Front 476

RDS

Back 476

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Front 477

RA

Back 477

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 478

OA

Back 478

Osteoarthritis

Front 479

SCI

Back 479

Spinal Cord Injury

Front 480

TBI

Back 480

Traumatic Brain Injury

Front 481

CVA

Back 481

Cerebrovascular Accident

Front 482

MI

Back 482

Myocardial Infarction

Front 483

DJD

Back 483

Degenerative Joint Disease

Front 484

THA

Back 484

Total Hip Athroplasty

Front 485

TKA

Back 485

Total Knee Athroplasty

Front 486

ORIF

Back 486

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Front 487

UTI

Back 487

Urinary Tract Infection

Front 488

MRSA

Back 488

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus

Front 489

MD

Back 489

Medical Doctor/Muscular Dystrophy

Front 490

CP

Back 490

Cerebral Palsy

Front 491

ASHD

Back 491

Ateriosclerotic Heart Disease

Front 492

Fx

Back 492

Fracture

Front 493

CSF

Back 493

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 494

TIA

Back 494

Transient Ischemic Attack

Front 495

Meds

Back 495

Medication

Front 496

MS

Back 496

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 497

SNF

Back 497

Skilled Nursing Facility

Front 498

DVT

Back 498

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Front 499

PE

Back 499

Pulmonary Embolism

Front 500

Acute

Back 500

Sudden Onset

Front 501

Chronic

Back 501

Marked by long duration

Front 502

Benign

Back 502

A mild type or character that does not threaten life.

Front 503

Malignant

Back 503

Tending to produce deterioration or death.

Front 504

Etiology

Back 504

Cause or causes of disease or abnormal condition

Front 505

Exacerbation

Back 505

To cause a disease or symptom to become more severe

Front 506

Remission

Back 506

A period when symptoms of a disease are abated.

Front 507

Idiopathic

Back 507

Arising spontaneously or unknown cause.

Front 508

Systemic

Back 508

Affecting the body generally

Front 509

Malaise

Back 509

Lack of health; often indicative of an accompanying or onset of illness.

Front 510

Morbidity

Back 510

Incidence of sickness

Front 511

Mortality

Back 511

Proportion of deaths to the population

Front 512

Prognosis

Back 512

The act or art of fortelling the course of disease.

Front 513

Progressive

Back 513

Increase in extent or severity

Front 514

Recurrent

Back 514

Returning or happening time after time.

Front 515

Syndrome

Back 515

A group of signs and symptoms that can occur together and characterize a particular abnormality.

Front 516

(D)

Back 516

Dependence

Front 517

anterior superior

Back 517

ant./sup.

Front 518

DDD

Back 518

Degenerative Disc Disease

Front 519

qd

Back 519

Daily

Front 520

IP

Back 520

Intervention Plan