Module 8

Front 1

true breeding

Back 1

if an organism has a certain characteristics that is always passed on to offsprings , we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristics .

Front 2

Mendel developed four principles

Back 2

1. the traits of an organism are determined by packets of information called "factors."

2. each organism has not one but two factors that determines it traits .

3. in sexual reproduction ,each parent contributes ONLY ONE of its factors to the offspring

4. In each definable trait , there is a dominant factor . If it exist in an organism ,the trait determined by that dominant factor will be expressed.

Front 3

Allele

Back 3

One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on Homologous

Front 4

Genotype

Back 4

two letter set that represents the alleles in an organism possesses for a certain trait.

Front 5

Phenotype

Back 5

the observable expression of an organism's genes

Front 6

Homozygous genotype

Back 6

a genotype in which both alleles are identical

Front 7

Heterozygous genotype

Back 7

a genotype with two different alleles

Front 8

Dominate alleles

Back 8

An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype

Front 9

Recessive allele

Back 9

An allele that will not determine that the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele

Front 10

Mendel's principles

Back 10

1. the trait of an organism are determined by its genes

2. Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotypes for a given trait .

3. in sexual reproduction , each parent contributes only one of its alleles to is offspring

4. In each genotype there is a dominate allele. If it exists in an organism , the phenotype is determined by that allele.

Front 11

Pedigree

Back 11

a diagram that follows a articular phenotype through several generations

Front 12

monohybrid cross

Back 12

a cross between two individuals , concentrating on only one definable trait

Front 13

Dihybrid Cross

Back 13

a cross between two individuals , concentrating on two definable traits

Front 14

Autosomes

Back 14

chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual

Front 15

sex chromosomes

Back 15

chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

Front 16

Autosomal inheritence

Back 16

Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome

Front 17

Genetic disease carrier

Back 17

a person who is a heterozygous in a genetic disorder

Front 18

Sex-linked inheritance

Back 18

Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes

Front 19

Mutation

Back 19

a radical chemical change change in one or more alleles

Front 20

Change in chromosomes structures

Back 20

a situation in which a chromosome loses or gain genes during meiosis

Front 21

Change in chromosomes number

Back 21

a situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis lead to either none of a particular chromosomes in the gametes or more than one chromosomes in the gamete